Medieval Archaeology最新文献

{"title":"From Edessa to Urfa: The Fortification of the Citadel","authors":"P. Newson","doi":"10.1080/00766097.2023.2204752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00766097.2023.2204752","url":null,"abstract":"The ancient city of Edessa, later al-Ruh a ) , modern-day Urfa/Şanlıurfa in Turkey, has had a long and distinguished history. However, very little of the city fabric remains extant from before the Ottoman period; exceptions are some fragments of the city defences and the associated high citadel – the subject of this book – whose impressive perimeter walls stand as a complex palimpsest of different periods, particularly those prior to the Ottoman period. Cristina Tonghini’s aims were to make a detailed assessment of the constructional history of the citadel, as a first step in understanding the political, economic and social factors behind its development. Much of this attractive publication is dedicated to recording the extant perimeter wall structures. Tonghini comprehensively presents the results, including colour photos throughout and 39 full colour annotated plates at the end, detailing successions of wall construction styles. In gathering together written sources and inscriptional evidence, along with establishing a wall typology and subsequent wall stratigraphy, her research project has delineated nine periods of wall construction. One interesting point highlighted from the written sources is that the citadel fortifications were not begun until the time of the Byzantine Emperor Justinian (ruled 527-65). Fascinating are the impressive number of carved Arabic inscriptions set into the citadel walls, which have proved helpful in determining construction phases through commemorations of site investment by various dynasties such as the Aq Qoyunlu of the 15th century. Accordingly, the methodology and the presentation of the results serve as a model for future fortification studies. Tonghini effectively sheds much light on the technological development of military architecture, principally across the 7th to 15th centuries, during which time Urfa served as a strategic strongpoint in the continual tussle between different powers. Certainly this study helps fill notable gaps in our knowledge of Urfa and the citadel’s role, particularly as regards such issues as the potential impact of Armenian master-builders, and the previously littleknown importance of Mamluk influence on the citadel’s construction. It is to be hoped future work will build upon this very solid foundation.","PeriodicalId":54160,"journal":{"name":"Medieval Archaeology","volume":"67 1","pages":"240 - 240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43551857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Watlington Hoard. Coinage, Kings and the Viking Great Army in Oxfordshire, AD875–880","authors":"J. Richards","doi":"10.1080/00766097.2023.2204733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00766097.2023.2204733","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54160,"journal":{"name":"Medieval Archaeology","volume":"67 1","pages":"223 - 224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44276210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ireland and the Crusades","authors":"T. Barry","doi":"10.1080/00766097.2023.2204763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00766097.2023.2204763","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54160,"journal":{"name":"Medieval Archaeology","volume":"67 1","pages":"245 - 246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42324598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active Whaling, Opportunistic Scavenging or Long-Distance Trading: Zooarchaeological, Palaeoproteomic, and Historical Analyses on Whale Exploitation and Bone Working in Anglo-Saxon Hamwic","authors":"Y. van den Hurk, I. Riddler, K. McGrath, C. Speller","doi":"10.1080/00766097.2023.2204674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00766097.2023.2204674","url":null,"abstract":"THE ANGLO-SAXON SITE OF HAMWIC (modern Southampton, Hampshire, UK) has been identified as a major bone-working centre. Besides antler and terrestrial mammal bone, cetacean bone has been recovered in high quantities. These specimens primarily represent working waste. Using peptide mass fingerprinting of bone collagen (ZooMS), it was determined that the majority of these specimens derive from the currently highly endangered population of North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis). Limited historical sources appear to suggest that whaling was undertaken by the Anglo-Saxons, or by the Normans on the other side of the English Channel prior to the eleventh century ad. Nevertheless, the primary method of acquisition for whale bone was through opportunistic scavenging and trading.","PeriodicalId":54160,"journal":{"name":"Medieval Archaeology","volume":"67 1","pages":"137 - 158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42434137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Die Karolingerzeit in Pannonien","authors":"H. Herold","doi":"10.1080/00766097.2023.2204736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00766097.2023.2204736","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54160,"journal":{"name":"Medieval Archaeology","volume":"67 1","pages":"226 - 226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47610578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Human Remains from Early Medieval Domburg (Netherlands) and Other Coastal Communities in International Perspective: Towards an International Research Agenda for the Cemeteries of the North Sea Emporia","authors":"Letty ten Harkel, Robert M van Dierendonck, Eleanor C Farber, M. Dee, P. Doeve, H. Hamerow, E. Jansma, P. L. le Roux, R. Panhuysen, Pieterjan Deckers","doi":"10.1080/00766097.2023.2204661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00766097.2023.2204661","url":null,"abstract":"THIS PAPER ADDRESSES THE QUESTION, who were the people who were buried at the early medieval North Sea emporia? Conclusions about the mercantile character of the North Sea emporia are often based on portable material culture. In recognition of the fact that it is difficult to draw conclusions about the identities of people based on finds assemblages, two pilot projects have been completed that involved bioarchaeological analyses of cemetery populations associated with these sites. The first of these, the Investigating the Dead in Early Medieval Domburg project, undertook multi-disciplinary analyses of the (very small) surviving burial population from the mostly destroyed sites in the Domburg area (Netherlands), combining isotope analysis, radiocarbon dating, biological anthropology, dendrochronology, and provenancing and study of previous use of coffin wood. The second, the Medieval Migrants of the North Sea World project, inventoried available isotopic evidence for human remains from emporia sites in England, the Netherlands and Scandinavia, alongside contextual archaeological information. This paper presents both projects, providing the detailed information from Domburg in its wider, international context, and highlighting the need for a comprehensive research agenda to fill current gaps in our understanding of early medieval emporia populations.","PeriodicalId":54160,"journal":{"name":"Medieval Archaeology","volume":"67 1","pages":"29 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48008049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agricultural Landscapes of Al-Andalus, and the Aftermath of the Feudal Conquest","authors":"A. Pluskowski","doi":"10.1080/00766097.2023.2204743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00766097.2023.2204743","url":null,"abstract":"the support of the Abbot General of the Order, going in search of the bones of Otto de Freising, abbot of Morimond and later Bishop of Freising, removing 1.5m of demolition deposits in the crossing and presbytery, with the loan of a bulldozer and drivers from a local American air-force base; this followed an earlier excavation, and reminds us that these sites are not simply the province of archaeologists and art historians. Next comes an update on the recording of the standing remains of the abbey church and its architectural detail, followed by coverage of continuing excavation of the constantly evolving guest-house complex, which was converted to more utilitarian uses from the late 16th century. Morimond was, of course, the burial place of abbots, senior monks and donor families, but we are told that ‘all the grave-stones of Morimond Abbey have disappeared for certain before the time of its reconstruction at the end of the 17th c, but equally at the time of the general destruction of the abbey at the beginning of the 19th c’. Only three stones have been recovered, though the burial lists for 68 individuals in the church, chapter house and cloister have been reconstructed, many with their inscriptions, from manuscript sources. Finally, there is a survey of paintings, drawings and photographs of the abbey ruins, recording those parts lost since 1816. The second part outlines the development of the community of Morimond and her abbots through good times and bad, the struggle between France and Lorraine during the Wars of Religion, the evolution of her estate up to the 16th century, the struggle between France and Lorraine during the Wars of Religion and the reconstruction of damaged granges after the Thirty Years War. It also addresses the abbey’s holdings in the towns of Langres – where much of the church furnishings, choir stalls, screens and grills were taken after the abbey was suppressed – and Dijon – where Auberive’s mid-12th-century house survives in a city that also had townhouses of Ĉıteaux, Clairvaux, Fontenay and Pontigny. The third part looks at the family of Morimond in France and in Europe with a m elange of papers looking beyond Morimond to medieval daughter houses in the Auvergne and VillersBettnach in Lorraine, a house largely rebuilt from 1724 but retaining what must be the finest surviving Cistercian gate chapel of the late 12th century anywhere. The next paper examines the management of Cistercian monks in Central Europe, with the movement of abbots within the filiation of Morimond as the order moved into new territory, and the curricula vitae of individual Bohemian abbots. Following this are a study of granges within the extended family of Morimond in Italy, which picks up on the pioneering work of Maria Righetti Tosti Croce, looking at the granges of Morimondo, named for the mother house; and a chapter on the role of Morimond in the spiritual responsibility for the military order of Calatrava active in Portugal and Spain, wis","PeriodicalId":54160,"journal":{"name":"Medieval Archaeology","volume":"67 1","pages":"233 - 234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41863083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ancient Arms Race. Antiquity’s Largest Fortresses and Sasanian Military Networks of Northern Iran","authors":"Simon James","doi":"10.1080/00766097.2023.2204730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00766097.2023.2204730","url":null,"abstract":"Ancient Arms Race. Antiquity’s Largest Fortresses and Sasanian Military Networks of Northern Iran. (The British Institute of Persian Studies Archaeological Monographs Series VII, Volumes I and II). By Eberhard W Sauer, Jebrael Nokandeh & Hamid Omrani Rekavandi. 22 30 cm. 2 volumes: xviii þ 880 pp, 743 colour and b&w figs, 164 tables. Oxford & Philadelphia: Oxbow Books, 2022. ISBN 978-1-78925-462-4; epub: 978-1-78925-463-1. Price: £90.00 hb.","PeriodicalId":54160,"journal":{"name":"Medieval Archaeology","volume":"67 1","pages":"221 - 222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41658300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medieval Mouths in Context: Biocultural and Multi-Scalar Considerations of the Mouth and the Case of Late-Medieval Villamagna, Italy","authors":"Trent M Trombley, Caroline Goodson, S. Agarwal","doi":"10.1080/00766097.2023.2204729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00766097.2023.2204729","url":null,"abstract":"THIS PAPER EXAMINES THE CULTURAL FRAMEWORK and material evidence for teeth and oral health in later medieval Europe, using as a case study the bioarchaeological analysis of an excavated cemetery in central Italy (Villamagna). It proffers an alternative approach to the study of human skeletal material by reframing the questions that bioarchaeologists normally ask about mouths. Instead of stopping at, ‘how much disease?’ or ‘what state of health?’, here, ‘how did the mouth relate to individuals’ experiences of their world, and how might scientific information about health and disease provide insight into wider aspects of life, society and economy?’ is asked. This paper points to a range of cultural understandings around the mouth which were changing in the High and Later Middle Ages (c 1000–1400), namely: the Bible and changing explanations for the relationships between mouth, heart, confession and experience of the divine; an evolving understanding of medicine and medical principles; and new forms of saintly intervention involved in healthcare. Detailed osteobiographies of two adults from Villamagna illustrate shaped individual experiences and the ways in which oral condition reflects and use-patterns and lifeways common to such communities.","PeriodicalId":54160,"journal":{"name":"Medieval Archaeology","volume":"67 1","pages":"187 - 220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49014821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Viking Century. Chernihiv Area from 900 to 1000 AD","authors":"Florin Curta","doi":"10.1080/00766097.2023.2204751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00766097.2023.2204751","url":null,"abstract":"ous criticism. Ultimately, the book is a useful summary of current and past ideas, and it argues an interesting and largely plausible case for one particular theory. But it is far from being exhaustive or entirely objective, nor will it be the last word on the matter. As Steinforth himself acknowledges: ‘it is neither the purpose nor the intention of this book’ to present ‘indisputable facts regarding the interpretation of the imagery of Kirk Andreas MM 128’. In the case of Thorvald’s Cross, facts indeed remain in short supply.","PeriodicalId":54160,"journal":{"name":"Medieval Archaeology","volume":"67 1","pages":"239 - 240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46664909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}