{"title":"Standpipes, Chimmeys, and Memorialization in the Caribbean","authors":"Faith Smith","doi":"10.1017/s1060150323001006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1060150323001006","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this essay I read debates about amenities of water and waste in the British Caribbean in the late and immediate post-Victorian period through histories of intimacy and kinship centered in fiction by Caribbean writers of the last twenty years. In these novels and short stories, collecting water at a stream or a standpipe or emptying a chamber pot are actions that produce or recall moments of desire and aspiration, shame and punishment, in storylines that move between a past of enslavement and indentureship in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and a present of political and psychological stasis or upheaval in the 1950s, 1970s, or the early twenty-first century. Nineteenth-century discussions about fire hydrants or standpipes index a British Caribbean colony's evolving landscape of modernization and the disagreements about what shape and speed this process should take, and recent fiction allows us to discern how these amenities inherit and bequeath associations of trauma.</p>","PeriodicalId":54154,"journal":{"name":"VICTORIAN LITERATURE AND CULTURE","volume":"163 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Strange Forms: Higher Space and Flatland’s Theology of Character","authors":"Jayne Hildebrand","doi":"10.1017/s1060150323000852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1060150323000852","url":null,"abstract":"This essay argues that Edwin Abbott's 1884 science fiction novel, <jats:italic>Flatland</jats:italic>, engages Victorian theological debates about the dimensionality of spiritual beings to reexamine the epistemological relationship between readers and literary characters. Liberal theologians at the fin de siècle turned to mathematical models of higher dimensions to reconcile the existence of immaterial spirits with a rational framework. Abbott's novel, set in a ghostly plane world populated only by polygons, imagines characters as analogous to spiritual forms in both their immateriality and their resistance to empirical modes of perception. Yet where theologians turned to higher dimensions to render immaterial entities scientifically knowable, <jats:italic>Flatland</jats:italic> uses its protagonist's higher-dimensional explorations to defamiliarize realism's techniques for making characters knowable—specifically, its spatialization of characters as beings with an accessible, dimensional interiority that grants readers a feeling of omniscience. Dismissing this omniscient relation to character as a posture that invites a dangerous epistemological complacency, <jats:italic>Flatland</jats:italic> uses its dimensional conceit to dramatize instead the strenuous imaginative work a reader must perform to temporarily inhabit a character's limited perspective—work that Abbott conceives as uniquely theological. For Abbott, theology thus acts not as a discourse of certainty and doctrinal closure but rather as a vital imaginative resource for rethinking fictional form.","PeriodicalId":54154,"journal":{"name":"VICTORIAN LITERATURE AND CULTURE","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Politics of Plant Life: Transatlantic Animisms in Leslie Marmon Silko's Gardens in the Dunes","authors":"Diana Rose Newby","doi":"10.1017/s1060150323001092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1060150323001092","url":null,"abstract":"This essay argues that Leslie Marmon Silko's 1999 historical-fiction novel <jats:italic>Gardens in the Dunes</jats:italic> enables Indigenous-centered interventions into Victorian studies, ecocriticism, and their intersection. Dramatizing an animistic Native American view of nature as agentic and enspirited, Silko's novel critiques Victorian plant hunting as rooted in settler-colonial logic that treats nature as inert. In turn, through representations of late Victorian gardeners, Silko suggests that British horticulture was also informed by colonial and capitalist ways of thinking about plants. At the same time, however, the novel locates an animistic strain running through Victorian gardening discourses, which I demonstrate through readings of Victorian garden books depicting plants as agentic and enspirited. Silko, I argue, invites us to revisit the late nineteenth century as characterized by a cultural revival of animistic thought, even as this period also saw the racist stigmatization of animism in the field of Victorian anthropology. I connect this fraught discursive moment in British history to an inherited hesitation toward animism in contemporary Victorian studies and ecocriticism, a hesitation that has contributed to uneven engagement with Indigenous thought in both fields. In response, this essay explicates and emulates Silko's critical methodology for an undisciplining engagement with animism in white-authored, ecocritical Victorian studies.","PeriodicalId":54154,"journal":{"name":"VICTORIAN LITERATURE AND CULTURE","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rajabhakti: Languages of Political Belonging in Colonial Odisha","authors":"Siddharth Satpathy","doi":"10.1017/s1060150323000815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1060150323000815","url":null,"abstract":"This essay studies the formation of a political language of <jats:italic>rajabhakti</jats:italic> or monarchical loyalty in the Odia-language print sphere in the second half of the nineteenth century. This language revolved around the key terms of <jats:italic>Providence</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>market rationalism</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>character</jats:italic>. The article traces the provincial careers of these crucial Victorian terms and explores their entanglement with local histories and discourses in the colony. It shows how the language of monarchical loyalty enabled provincial Victorians to construct and inhabit their everyday lifeworlds in the empire.","PeriodicalId":54154,"journal":{"name":"VICTORIAN LITERATURE AND CULTURE","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140574619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Queen Victoria, M. M. Bhownaggree, and the “Gujaratee-Speaking Community of India”","authors":"John Mcleod","doi":"10.1017/s106015032300075x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s106015032300075x","url":null,"abstract":"This essay examines an 1877 Gujarati translation of Queen Victoria's <jats:italic>Leaves from the Journal of Our Life in the Highlands</jats:italic>. It was the work of M. M. Bhownaggree, later a British MP. The essay explores the circumstances under which Bhownaggree undertook the translation, its content, and its intended audience. It closes with some observations on the book's place in the history of Indian royalism, the place of Indian royalism in the development of modern Gujarati literature, and the interplay of the Gujarati identity that was emerging in the latter part of the nineteenth century with both royalism and Indian nationalism.","PeriodicalId":54154,"journal":{"name":"VICTORIAN LITERATURE AND CULTURE","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140574634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Queen Victoria through Punjabi Eyes: The Travel Writings of Hardevi","authors":"Arti Minocha","doi":"10.1017/s1060150323000761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1060150323000761","url":null,"abstract":"This essay examines two travel narratives written by Hardevi, a woman from Lahore who traveled to London for Queen Victoria's jubilee in 1887. The accounts contain Hardevi's narration of her journey by ship and describe the celebrations. Hardevi showcases the queen's marital home and her conjugal life, seamlessly accommodating them within reformist constructions of a modern, educated, <jats:italic>pativrata</jats:italic> (conjugally virtuous) Indian woman. Hardevi's encounter with the queen at the heart of the empire opens up a conceptual space of possibilities for a modern, gendered self. This article examines her deployment of a mode of subjectivity that allows her to be, simultaneously, an obedient and fascinated colonial subject of the imperial spectacle and also a citizen-subject who claims the agency of critique.","PeriodicalId":54154,"journal":{"name":"VICTORIAN LITERATURE AND CULTURE","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140574518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introduction: Monarchism, Print Culture, and Language in Colonial India","authors":"Siddharth Satpathy","doi":"10.1017/s1060150323000803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1060150323000803","url":null,"abstract":"The collected essays in this “Vernacular Victoria” issue explore representations of Queen Victoria in Indian languages. They study how complex practices of loyalty to monarchical forms of authority enabled Indians to create and inhabit their diverse lifeworlds. They analyze how the uneven socialization of print and the complex cultures of literary production in colonial India shaped articulations of loyalty. “Vernacular Victoria” is about histories of Indian aspirations and negotiations, celebrations and disappointments. Victoria enables this special issue to contribute to a more global understanding of the field known as Victorian studies.","PeriodicalId":54154,"journal":{"name":"VICTORIAN LITERATURE AND CULTURE","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140574505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Victoria Maharani: Queen Victoria and the Princely State of Travancore","authors":"Ellen A. Ambrosone","doi":"10.1017/s1060150323000840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1060150323000840","url":null,"abstract":"This article surveys works from Kerala related to Queen Victoria and situates M. R. Madhava Warrier's (1893–1952) biography, <jats:italic>Victoria Maharani</jats:italic> (1931), against the backdrop of early twentieth-century Travancore. It draws on threads related to the position of women on the Malabar coast, the actions of the maharani regent at the time, Sethu Lakshmi Bayi (r. 1924–31), and the political and social climate at the time of her reign. It also considers the relationship between the qualities of Queen Victoria praised in <jats:italic>Victoria Maharani</jats:italic>, reforms instituted by Sethu Lakshmi Bayi, and the reputation of both in Travancore.","PeriodicalId":54154,"journal":{"name":"VICTORIAN LITERATURE AND CULTURE","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140574621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mourning the Mother: Death and Feminine Authority in Odia Commemorations of Queen Victoria","authors":"Pritipuspa Mishra","doi":"10.1017/s1060150323000785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1060150323000785","url":null,"abstract":"The death of Queen Victoria occasioned the publication of commemorative narratives in early twentieth-century Odisha. They serve as site for understanding how feminine authority was imagined as the Odia literati engaged in a fraught movement for the formation of a separate province of Odisha. They imagined an Odia motherland in relation to figures of maternal authority such as mother India and mother Victoria. This article explores this vernacular representation of the queen as mother in the work of the poet Madhusudan Rao. By drawing on traditions of lament and maternal authority, the article illustrates how Rao used lament to carve out a palimpsest of multiple identities, from imperial subjecthood to regional belonging.","PeriodicalId":54154,"journal":{"name":"VICTORIAN LITERATURE AND CULTURE","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140574958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Epilogue: The Postscripts of Vernacular Victoria","authors":"Mandakini Dubey","doi":"10.1017/s1060150323000773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1060150323000773","url":null,"abstract":"“Aajkal <jats:italic>Agra ka mausam kaisa hai?</jats:italic>” Queen Victoria asks herself, alone in her sumptuous quarters at Osborne House.<jats:sup>1</jats:sup> How is the weather in Agra these days? Polite small talk, the loose change of a British monarch's verbal currency, recasts itself in unfamiliar phonemes as the empress of India practices her Hindustani. Soon, Agra will retreat from the imperial consciousness; it will be time to go to the durbar room, or work on her Urdu writing under the <jats:italic>munshi</jats:italic>'s tutelage, perhaps before lunching on chicken curry.<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>","PeriodicalId":54154,"journal":{"name":"VICTORIAN LITERATURE AND CULTURE","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140574632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}