Design Science最新文献_第10页

Thirty years of design for sustainability: an evolution of research, policy and practice 可持续发展的三十年设计：研究、政策和实践的演变

IF 2.4

Design Science Pub Date : 2021-02-09 DOI: 10.1017/dsj.2021.2

T. Bhamra, Ricardo J. Hernandez

{"title":"Thirty years of design for sustainability: an evolution of research, policy and practice","authors":"T. Bhamra, Ricardo J. Hernandez","doi":"10.1017/dsj.2021.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/dsj.2021.2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper builds on the lead author’s keynote address to the Design Society’s 22nd International Conference on Engineering Design in 2019, and in doing so provides a personal perspective on the development of the field of design for sustainability. It begins by describing some of the history of the research from the late 1980s until the present day. This is followed by an analysis of the way in which design for sustainability has been reflected within the International Conference on Engineering Design over the last 30 years, highlighting the way in which the focus has shifted over this time from a focus on recycling and end of life to today where sustainability is playing a leading role in the research. The analysis compares the evolution of the subject with the wider policy and practice perspectives linked to global recognition of the need to move towards Sustainable Development. Finally, the paper reflects on the lessons to be learned from this work and their implications for design research illustrating that engineering design has an opportunity to take more leadership within design for sustainability research and use this to enable change within industry.","PeriodicalId":54146,"journal":{"name":"Design Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/dsj.2021.2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43393400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Cognitive differences among first-year and senior engineering students when generating design solutions with and without additional dimensions of sustainability 一年级和大四的工科学生在产生有或没有可持续性额外维度的设计方案时的认知差异

IF 2.4

Design Science Pub Date : 2021-02-08 DOI: 10.1017/dsj.2021.3

Mo Hu, Tripp Shealy, J. Milovanovic

{"title":"Cognitive differences among first-year and senior engineering students when generating design solutions with and without additional dimensions of sustainability","authors":"Mo Hu, Tripp Shealy, J. Milovanovic","doi":"10.1017/dsj.2021.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/dsj.2021.3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The research presented in this paper explores how engineering students cognitively manage concept generation and measures the effects of additional dimensions of sustainability on design cognition. Twelve first-year and eight senior engineering students generated solutions to 10 design problems. Half of the problems included additional dimensions of sustainability. The number of unique design solutions students developed and their neurocognitive activation were measured. Without additional requirements for sustainability, first-year students generated significantly more solutions than senior engineering students. First-year students recruited higher cortical activation in the brain region generally associated with cognitive flexibility, and divergent and convergent thinking. Senior engineering students recruited higher activation in the brain region generally associated with uncertainty processing and self-reflection. When additional dimensions of sustainability were present, first-year students produced fewer solutions. Senior engineering students generated a similar number of solutions. Senior engineering students required less cortical activation to generate a similar number of solutions. The varying patterns of cortical activation and different number of solutions between first-year and senior engineering students begin to highlight cognitive differences in how students manage and retrieve information in their brain during design. Students’ ability to manage complex requirements like sustainability may improve with education.","PeriodicalId":54146,"journal":{"name":"Design Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/dsj.2021.3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48097597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Generation of geometric interpolations of building types with deep variational autoencoders 用深度变分自动编码器生成建筑类型的几何插值

IF 2.4

Design Science Pub Date : 2020-12-28 DOI: 10.1017/dsj.2020.31

Jaime de Miguel Rodríguez, M. Villafañe, Luka Piškorec, Fernando Sancho Caparrini

{"title":"Generation of geometric interpolations of building types with deep variational autoencoders","authors":"Jaime de Miguel Rodríguez, M. Villafañe, Luka Piškorec, Fernando Sancho Caparrini","doi":"10.1017/dsj.2020.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/dsj.2020.31","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This work presents a methodology for the generation of novel 3D objects resembling wireframes of building types. These result from the reconstruction of interpolated locations within the learnt distribution of variational autoencoders (VAEs), a deep generative machine learning model based on neural networks. The data set used features a scheme for geometry representation based on a ‘connectivity map’ that is especially suited to express the wireframe objects that compose it. Additionally, the input samples are generated through ‘parametric augmentation’, a strategy proposed in this study that creates coherent variations among data by enabling a set of parameters to alter representative features on a given building type. In the experiments that are described in this paper, more than 150 k input samples belonging to two building types have been processed during the training of a VAE model. The main contribution of this paper has been to explore parametric augmentation for the generation of large data sets of 3D geometries, showcasing its problems and limitations in the context of neural networks and VAEs. Results show that the generation of interpolated hybrid geometries is a challenging task. Despite the difficulty of the endeavour, promising advances are presented.","PeriodicalId":54146,"journal":{"name":"Design Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/dsj.2020.31","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49301650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

On the use of coordination strategies in complex engineered system design projects 协调策略在复杂工程系统设计项目中的应用

IF 2.4

Design Science Pub Date : 2020-12-04 DOI: 10.1017/dsj.2020.29

Arianne X. Collopy, Eytan Adar, P. Papalambros

{"title":"On the use of coordination strategies in complex engineered system design projects","authors":"Arianne X. Collopy, Eytan Adar, P. Papalambros","doi":"10.1017/dsj.2020.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/dsj.2020.29","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Coordination of distributed design work is an important activity in large-scale and complex engineered systems (LSCES) design projects. Coordination strategies have been studied formally in system design optimization and organizational science. This article reports on a study to identify what strategies are used in coordination practice. While the literature primarily offers prescriptive coordination strategies, this study focussed on the contribution of individuals’ behaviours to system-level coordination. Thus, a coordination strategy is seen as a particular set of individual actions and behaviours. We interviewed professionals with expertise in systems engineering, project management and technical leadership at two large aerospace design organizations. Through qualitative thematic analysis, we identified two strategies used to facilitate coordination. The first we call authority-based and is enabled by technical know-how and the use of organizational authority; the second we call empathetic leadership and includes interpersonal skills, leadership traits and empathy. These strategies emerged as complementary and, together, enabled individuals to coordinate complex design tasks. We found that skills identified in competency models enable these coordination strategies, which in turn support management of interdependent work in the organization. Studying the role of individuals contributes an expanded view on how coordination facilitates LSCES design practice.","PeriodicalId":54146,"journal":{"name":"Design Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/dsj.2020.29","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44100433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Concept generation techniques change patterns of brain activation during engineering design 概念生成技术改变了工程设计过程中大脑的激活模式

IF 2.4

Design Science Pub Date : 2020-11-27 DOI: 10.1017/dsj.2020.30

Tripp Shealy, J. Gero, Mo Hu, J. Milovanovic

{"title":"Concept generation techniques change patterns of brain activation during engineering design","authors":"Tripp Shealy, J. Gero, Mo Hu, J. Milovanovic","doi":"10.1017/dsj.2020.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/dsj.2020.30","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper presents the results of studying the brain activations of 30 engineering students when using three different design concept generation techniques: brainstorming, morphological analysis, and TRIZ. Changes in students’ brain activation in the prefrontal cortex were measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. The results are based on the area under the curve analysis of oxygenated hemodynamic response as well as an assessment of functional connectivity using Pearson’s correlation to compare students’ cognitive brain activations using these three different ideation techniques. The results indicate that brainstorming and morphological analysis demand more cognitive activation across the prefrontal cortex (PFC) compared to TRIZ. The highest cognitive activation when brainstorming and using morphological analysis is in the right dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC) and ventrolateral PFC. These regions are associated with divergent thinking and ill-defined problem-solving. TRIZ produces more cognitive activation in the left DLPFC. This region is associated with convergent thinking and making judgments. Morphological analysis and TRIZ also enable greater coordination (i.e., synchronized activation) between brain regions. These findings offer new evidence that structured techniques like TRIZ reduce cognitive activation, change patterns of activation and increase coordination between regions in the brain.","PeriodicalId":54146,"journal":{"name":"Design Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/dsj.2020.30","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46937902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

A tEEG framework for studying designer’s cognitive and affective states 一个研究设计师认知与情感状态的tEEG框架

IF 2.4

Design Science Pub Date : 2020-11-17 DOI: 10.1017/dsj.2020.28

Mengting Zhao, Wenjun Jia, Daocheng Yang, Philon Nguyen, T. Nguyen, Yong Zeng

引用次数: 10

Design margins in industrial practice 工业实践中的设计余量

IF 2.4

Design Science Pub Date : 2020-11-17 DOI: 10.1017/dsj.2020.19

C. Eckert, O. Isaksson, S. Lebjioui, C. Earl, S. Edlund

{"title":"Design margins in industrial practice","authors":"C. Eckert, O. Isaksson, S. Lebjioui, C. Earl, S. Edlund","doi":"10.1017/dsj.2020.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/dsj.2020.19","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As products are being developed over time and across organisations, the risk for unintended accumulation and mis-conception of margins allocated may occur. Accumulation of margins can result in over design, but also add risk due to under allocation. This paper describes the different terminology used in one organisation and shows the different roles margins play across the design process and in particular the how margins are a critical but often overlooked aspect of product platform design. The research was conducted in close collaboration with a truck manufacturer between 2013 and 2018. The objective was to gain understanding of the current use of margins, and associated concepts evolve along the product life cycle, across organisation and product platform representations. It was found that margins already play an important role throughout the entire design process; however, it is not recognised as a unified concept which is clearly communicated and tracked throughout the design process. Rather different stakeholders have different notions of margins and do not disclose the rationale behind adding margins or the amount that they have added. Margins also enabled designers to avoid design changes as existing components and systems can accommodate new requirements and thereby saving significant design time.","PeriodicalId":54146,"journal":{"name":"Design Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/dsj.2020.19","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43451812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Deep learning model to reconstruct 3D cityscapes by generating depth maps from omnidirectional images and its application to visual preference prediction 利用全向图像生成深度图重建三维城市景观的深度学习模型及其在视觉偏好预测中的应用

IF 2.4

Design Science Pub Date : 2020-11-11 DOI: 10.1017/dsj.2020.27

A. Takizawa, Hina Kinugawa

引用次数: 3

Data-driven design: the new challenges of digitalization on product design and development 数据驱动设计:数字化对产品设计和开发的新挑战

IF 2.4

Design Science Pub Date : 2020-11-05 DOI: 10.1017/dsj.2020.25

M. Cantamessa, F. Montagna, S. Altavilla, Alessandro Casagrande-Seretti

{"title":"Data-driven design: the new challenges of digitalization on product design and development","authors":"M. Cantamessa, F. Montagna, S. Altavilla, Alessandro Casagrande-Seretti","doi":"10.1017/dsj.2020.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/dsj.2020.25","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Digitalization and the momentous role being assumed by data are commonly viewed as pervasive phenomena whose impact is felt in all aspects of society and the economy. Design activity is by no means immune from this trend, and the relationship between digitalization and design is decades old. However, what is the current impact of this ‘data revolution’ on design? How will the design activity change? What are the resulting research questions of interest to academics? What are the main challenges for firms and for educational institutions having to cope with this change? The paper provides a comprehensive conceptual framework, based on recent literature and anecdotal evidence from the industry. It identifies three main streams: namely the consequences on designers, the consequences on design processes and the role of methods for data analytics. In turn, these three streams lead to implications at individual, organizational and managerial level, and several questions arise worthy of defining future research agendas. Moreover, the paper introduces relational diagrams depicting the interactions between the objects and the actors involved in the design process and suggests that what is occurring is by no means a simple evolution but a paradigmatic shift in the way artefacts are designed.","PeriodicalId":54146,"journal":{"name":"Design Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/dsj.2020.25","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41825740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 31

The neurophysiological activations of mechanical engineers and industrial designers while designing and problem-solving 机械工程师和工业设计师在设计和解决问题时的神经生理学激活

IF 2.4

Design Science Pub Date : 2020-10-29 DOI: 10.1017/dsj.2020.26

Sónia da Silva Vieira, J. Gero, J. Delmoral, V. Gattol, Carlos Fernandes, M. Parente, A. Fernandes

{"title":"The neurophysiological activations of mechanical engineers and industrial designers while designing and problem-solving","authors":"Sónia da Silva Vieira, J. Gero, J. Delmoral, V. Gattol, Carlos Fernandes, M. Parente, A. Fernandes","doi":"10.1017/dsj.2020.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/dsj.2020.26","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper presents results from an experiment using electroencephalography to measure neurophysiological activations of mechanical engineers and industrial designers when designing and problem-solving. In this study, we adopted and then extended the tasks described in a previous functional magnetic resonance imaging study reported in the literature. The block experiment consists of a sequence of three tasks: problem-solving, basic design and open design using a physical interface. The block is preceded by a familiarizing pre-task and then extended to a fourth open design task using free-hand sketching. This paper presents the neurophysiological results from 36 experimental sessions of mechanical engineers and industrial designers. Results indicate significant differences in activations between the problem-solving and the open design tasks. The paper focuses on the two prototypical tasks of problem-solving layout and open design sketching and presents results for both aggregate and temporal activations across participants within each domain and across domains.","PeriodicalId":54146,"journal":{"name":"Design Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/dsj.2020.26","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46551542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18