Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal-Geophysical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Locating the southern boundary of the East European Platform within the north-western Black Sea shelf according to gravimetric data","authors":"M. Kozlenko, Y. Kozlenko","doi":"10.24028/gj.v44i4.264841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24028/gj.v44i4.264841","url":null,"abstract":"The work is devoted to the problem of determining the position of the border of the East European Platform (EEP) and the Scythian Plate (SP), which is of great economic importance in dividing the north-western shelf of the Black Sea into more and less promising areas for hydrocarbons. An analysis of the allocation of the juncture of EEP and SP using 23 literature sources published from 1985 to 2020 was performed. The essential differences in drawing the relevant line by different authors are shown. A method for determining the position of the southern boundary of the EEP within the north-western shelf of the Black Sea is proposed, based on the integrated use of gravimetry data — characteristic features of the gravity field (Δgf.a.) and the results of systematic two-dimensional density modeling. The outcome of modelling allowed determining the position and nature of the EEP and SP junction in the section of the earth’s crust, which turned out to be a transcrustal fracture of the southern falling with angles of inclination from 83.5° to 85.5° in different parts of the shelf. According to calculations of the exit points of the faults on the basement surface superimposed on the scheme Δgf.a made it possible to identify the spatial position of the junction of EEP and SP and its extension outside the modeling area for the entire study area. It is established that this line has a zigzag character, changing direction at the intersection with submeridional faults. It is shown that the formation of the southern boundary of EPS was controlled, except for the submeridional component characteristic of EPS, by three other systems — latitude, directions NE-SW and NW-SE, which are observed for tectonic elements of SP in Pridobruzha and Crimea. The correctness of the determination of the boundary position by gravimetric data is confirmed by the results of seismic stratigraphy and thermometry previously obtained by other researchers.","PeriodicalId":54141,"journal":{"name":"Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal-Geophysical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44230184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"About the so-called «Bug series» of the Middle Bug region (Ukrainian shield). Article 1. The evolution of views and the composition of the «Bug series»","authors":"V. Kyrylyuk","doi":"10.24028/gj.v44i4.264846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24028/gj.v44i4.264846","url":null,"abstract":"The name «Bug Series» was introduced into the Precambrian stratigraphic scheme of the Ukrainian Shield more than half a century ago. During this period, ideas about the composition and age of the series changed several times but, until recently, the opinion of various studies about its stratigenic nature remained unchanged. In recent years, many publications have appeared: they express other views on the origin of the «Bug series». Initially, they concerned only individual petrographic groups, such as carbonate and magnetite-bearing rocks, which were attributed to endogenous (magmatic) origin. Later, an opinion about the nonstratigenic origin of the entire «Bug Series» appeared, and some authors proposed to give up on the division of the Early Precambrian granulite complexes into suites. These ideas are only based on the study materials of local objects obtained by drilling and geophysical methods. The author’s conclusions do not take into account the results of regional geological and stratigraphic studies. Simultaneously, with new ideas about the genesis of the «Bug series», an attempt is being made to link its origin with faults and to revise its age. \u0000In order to discuss the problem of the «Bug series», a series of publications has been prepared, in which the main generalized data of many years of regional geological and thematic studies on the composition, structure, stratigraphic and structural position of the units belonging to the «Bug series» are presented. The cycle consists of three separate articles. This is the first publication of the cycle, which considers the composition of formations and rock associations that are included in the Bug series in the current stratigraphic scheme of the Precambrian of the Ukrainian Shield. The data presented in this article and its continuations indicate that all these units are most likely of a stratigenic nature. Presumably endogenous formations do not play a significant role in them. \u0000According to the author, the name «Bug series» changed its content so often and radically, both in terms of material (rock) and stratigraphic (formation) composition and age, and now also ideas about its genesis, that it has completely lost its stratigraphic certainty and validity. In the modern stratigraphic scheme of the Precambrian of the Ukrainian Shield, the composition and age of the «Bug Series» are also presented in a distorted form. Therefore, in accordance with the provisions of the National Stratigraphic Code of Ukraine and international stratigraphic norms, the name «Bug series» should be abolished, and relevant publications should be discontinued until the adoption of a new stratigraphic scheme for the Precambrian of the Ukrainian Shield. In this new scheme, the stratigraphic division of the granulite complex of the Bug region should be completely revised.","PeriodicalId":54141,"journal":{"name":"Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal-Geophysical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47778888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Palaeomagnetic suitability of a new section with a potential lower boundary for the Quaternary on the left bank of the lower River Danube","authors":"D. Hlavatskyi, Y. Veklych, V. Bakhmutov, V. Shpyra, T. Skarboviychuk, V. Yakukhno, I. Poliachenko","doi":"10.24028/gj.v44i4.264840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24028/gj.v44i4.264840","url":null,"abstract":"A first palaeomagnetic study has been carried out on a new section with a potential lower boundary interval for the Quaternary, Dolynske 3. Recently, the Matuyama-Brunhes boundary (at 780 ka) was detected in the adjacent section of Dolynske 2. The current study focuses on the hydromorphic palaeosols, loesses and pedosediments of the Bogdanivka to Kryzhanivka units. Taking into account previous palaeomagnetic data from other sections of the loess/soil formation of Ukraine, the Gauss-Matuyama boundary (2.58 Ma) could be expected to be at the top of the Bogdanivka soil unit. However, rock magnetic and magnetostratigraphic results from the Dolynske 3 section indicate an extremely low concentration of the ferrimagnetic minerals and the absence of a characteristic component of magnetisation due to the influence of hydromorphism. Only two samples from the Bogdanivka and Berezan units show a clearly defined reversed polarity; the rest of the samples were uninformative and were rejected from the interpretation. Given the unsuitability of hydromorphic palaeosols and loesses for magnetostratigraphic studies, the determination of the Gauss-Matuyama boundary requires additional, including methodological, research on other sections of Ukraine. \u0000The stratigraphic completeness of the composite Dolynske section, its geomorphological location within the Pliocene Danube terraces and convenient geographical setting allow offering it for study as a reference section for the loess/soil formation in Europe. In addition, the Dolynske 3 section potentially may be regarded as a complete continental analogue of the Calabrian and Gelasian with both palaeomagnetic boundaries. Thus, the Dolynske section deserves research on many aspects of the Quaternary, including correlations of loess-palaeosol, alluvial and marine facies, the influence of hydromorphism on palaeomagnetic properties of rocks, «structures» of climatic rhythms in the Calabrian and Gelasian, as part of a separate international project.","PeriodicalId":54141,"journal":{"name":"Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal-Geophysical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68827145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geological Theory versus Plate Tectonics. A Comment to the paper by V.V. Gordienko «About Geological Theory»","authors":"Y. Khazan","doi":"10.24028/gj.v44i3.261977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24028/gj.v44i3.261977","url":null,"abstract":"Geological Theory versus Plate Tectonics. A Comment to the paperby V.V. Gordienko «About Geological Theory»","PeriodicalId":54141,"journal":{"name":"Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal-Geophysical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46261629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrocarbon system of the South Caspian Depression","authors":"N. Yusubov, T. N. Shikhmammadova","doi":"10.24028/gj.v44i3.261971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24028/gj.v44i3.261971","url":null,"abstract":"Actuality. The hydrocarbon generation sources in the South Caspian Basin (SCB) are located at the depth of nine or more kilometers, where the organic-rich Maikop sediments occur. The main oil-and-gas fields here are found in reservoirs of the Productive Strata (Lower Pliocene), bedding at a depth of one or more kilometers. At the same time, the significant role at the process of hydrocarbons migration from the source of their generation to the reservoirs belongs to the tectonic faults (fractures). However, the results of the research according to the latest seismic data carried out in recent years are indicated the unavailability of the tectonic faults in the SCB, which connected the hydrocarbon generation sources with the reservoirs in the Productive Strata. \u0000Target. The determination of the geological elements at the studied area that contributed the role of the hydrocarbon migration channels and connected generation source with reservoirs in the Productive Strata. \u0000Objects. The hydrocarbon generation source, hydrocarbon migration channel, tectonic faults and fractures, Productive Strata reservoirs, eruptive channels of the mud volcanoes. \u0000Approach. The collaboration interpretation results of the deep drilling and the seismic data by using the common depth point method. \u0000Results. Based on the structural interpretation results of the seismic data with high-resolution parameters, are indicated the lack of the tectonic faults which connecting the hydrocarbon generation source with reservoirs of the Productive Strata in the SCB. \u0000In addition, the hydrocarbons that generated in the Maikop sediments are transported to the Productive Strata reservoirs by the eruptive channels of mud volcanoes. The opinion that the process of hydrocarbon generation in the Maikop clay deposits continues to the present time and the mud volcanoes eruptive channels provide feeding of the deposits with the continuous supply of oil-and-gas was expressed. Such kind of mechanism allows to classify the deposits, that more than a century under developed in the South Caspian Depression and which located at the zone of mud volcanomaturity, to the category of replenished.","PeriodicalId":54141,"journal":{"name":"Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal-Geophysical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46315802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of petrophysical characteristics of deposits in Kurovdagh field by use of attribute analysis of 3D data","authors":"T. Akhmedov, M.A. Aghayeva","doi":"10.24028/gj.v44i3.261976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24028/gj.v44i3.261976","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is devoted to predicting petrophysical parameters of productive series of Kurovdagh field by use of attribute analysis of seismic data to define the direction of reconnaissance works in this field. The paper considers geographical position of the study area, its cover by geological and geophysical studies and underlines, in particular, the importance of 3D seismic data acquisition for more detailed study of Kurovdagh structure. Lithological and stratigraphic characteristics of the section is also given in the paper with detailed description of Productive Series deposits. In addition, tectonics of the area is considered in more detail. It is noted that the area is attributed to the Low Kur basin — the compound of the large tectonic unit. The tectonic zone of the south-eastern Shirvan is embracing four anticlinal zones: Pirsaat-Khamamdagh; Kharami—Mishovdag—Kalmas—Khydirly—Aghaevir-Byandovan; Kursangya; Padar—Kurovdagh—Karabaghly—Babazanan—Duzdagh-Neftchala. The latter anticlinal zone is characterized by a significant length. In the north-western part between the folds of Padar and Karabaghly the brachyanticline of Kurovdagh is located. In the north it has the border with M. Kharami uplift, in the north-east with Mishovdagh fold, it borders with Kursyanga anticline in the south-east and in the south-west with wide Salyan trough. In the Near-Kur depression the existence of two tectonic stripes has been established. One of them embraces the south-eastern Shirvan, the other covers the eastern Mughan and the western portion of Salyan steppe. The detailed description of fold setting is given on the basis of 3D seismic survey data. It has been indicated that the results of 3D data interpretation made it possible to study in more detail and make changes in the scheme of faults location accepted earlier. The other problem considered in the paper is the oil-and-gas presence in Kurovdagh field, which is related to the Absheron stage of Pleistocene, Akchagyl stage and Productive series (horizons of PS01—PS20) of Neogene, with lithology represented by sandy-clay rocks with various degrees of calcareousness. The structure of each of indicated horizons is rather complicated and variable in lateral. The most complicated of them is the Middle Absheron sub-stage, with identified 11 oil-bearing layers. Study results are given in the end of the paper. For prediction purposes within the study area we have prepared normalized curves of relative parameter of SP-ASP, gamma-log — dGR and resistivity by use of well logging data. The analysis of dependence of seismic attributes on petrophysical parameters within target interval, identified the low information bearing ability of SP method and gamma-log across the study area and established a good correlation between resistivity curve and instantaneous amplitudes, frequencies and dip angles. The clay cubes have been designed. To outline productive layers, we have applied multidimensional filters with cut offs for re","PeriodicalId":54141,"journal":{"name":"Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal-Geophysical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43676162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kriging of Ukraine’s deep heat flow map","authors":"V. Gordienko, I. Gordienko, O. V. Zavgorodnaya","doi":"10.24028/gj.v44i3.261968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24028/gj.v44i3.261968","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the method of processing the material used to compile a deep heat flow (HF) map on the territory of Ukraine. We are talking specifically about the deep (corrected) HF, since its error (determined by the differences in values at close points) is noticeably less than the observed one and only its values can be used to construct (as a rule, to control) thermal models of the Earth's crust and upper mantle. Despite the unique study of Ukraine on this parameter, which has been going on for almost 60 years, there are still significant fragments of the territory where the HF has not been determined. This is due to the lack of boreholes in such areas suitable for temperature measurements in the required depth interval with the required accuracy. Of course, any method of processing experimental material in areas adjacent to such «white spots» cannot completely replace a full-fledged study of HF within their boundaries. Nevertheless, the available geostatistical methods allow, by processing the existing grid of results, to ensure the construction of a map of the entire study area. In our case, we used the kriging technique. Kriging is a form of generalized linear regression to formulate an optimal spatial estimate in terms of minimum mean square error. The method works best within the shell defined by peripheral data. Within areas with a stable «wavelength» of HF anomalies, it is possible to fill in the gaps in the map without any problems. Naturally, with a noticeable smoothing of the field variations. Most of the processed map fragments belonged to this type. A more complicated situation was encountered at the southwestern contacts of the Kirovograd and Donbas anomalies. It is likely that part of the field structure (local intense anomalies) was not reproduced. Nevertheless, in general, the control carried out showed that the HF error in the assessment points, as a rule, does not exceed the experimental errors. The work done gives completeness to the results of research of the deep heat flow on the territory of Ukraine. It should also be noted that the identified distribution of HF within the former «white spots» reveals reserves of geothermal energy twice as much as the total reserves of combustible minerals in Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":54141,"journal":{"name":"Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal-Geophysical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41733613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moisture as an indicator of the manifestation of hazardous properties of coal seams","authors":"Y. Rudniev, A.M. Galchenko, V. Tarasov, M. Antoshchenko","doi":"10.24028/gj.v44i3.261969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24028/gj.v44i3.261969","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: establish the change in the ratios between individual types of moisture and indicators of metamorphic transformations of coal seams after recalculating their values for the working state of the fuel. This will make it possible to predict the manifestation of hazardous properties mining. \u0000Methodology: provides for the involvement of the initial experimental data that have been accumulated in normative and reference documents. \u0000Results: When conducting research, the experience of using moisture as an indicator for solving three problems at once was taken into account: the criterion for evaluating the metamorphic transformations of coal seams; determination of fuel quality; forecast of the manifestation of hazardous properties of coal seams during mining operations. Different types of moisture at different stages of metamorphic transformations of coal seams are not equivalent in terms of the strength of the bond between water and coal. In some regulatory documents, in some cases, indicators of different types of moisture are used to characterize the moisture content of coal seams, which introduces additional errors in the reliability of the prediction of hazardous properties. In the early and middle stages of metamorphic transformations of coal seams, moisture is not formed for the most part, but only free moisture is mechanically removed from the system. Hard coals and anthracites have different molecular structure, which determines different ratios between the content of free and bound moisture. The content of total moisture is a metamorphic indicator only for organic (combustible) mass, and it is not a reliable criterion for assessing the transformation of coal seams in general. Mandatory pre-moistening of coal in the array in all cases during mining operations is not sufficiently substantiated for different stages of metamorphic transformations of coal seams due to the different ratio between the forms of moisture and the irreversibility of metamorphism processes. \u0000Scientific novelty: for the first time, a quantitative assessment of the content of hydrated moisture in mineral impurities and moisture in the organic mass from the degree of metamorphic transformations of coal seams was made. \u0000Practical value: the research results make it possible to develop proposals for improving the regulatory framework in terms of predicting the manifestation of hazardous properties of coal seams during mining operations, depending on the presence of different forms of moisture in coals.","PeriodicalId":54141,"journal":{"name":"Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal-Geophysical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45811998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Location of singular points in orthorhombic media","authors":"Y. Roganov, A. Stovas, V. Roganov","doi":"10.24028/gj.v44i3.261965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24028/gj.v44i3.261965","url":null,"abstract":"The dependence of the location of singular points of orthorhombic (ORT) media on the stiffness coefficients , and phase velocity  at the singularity point is studied under the assumption that  are larger than  and . In this case, singular points appear only at the intersection of slowness surfaces of S1- and S2-waves. To simplify the presentation of the results, the values , are fixed and  changed within the limits at which the stiffness matrix remains positive definite. We define the parameters, , , , which result in 0, 1, or 2 singular points in the symmetry planes of the ORT medium. The types of these singular points and their location on the unit circle are described. It is shown that, by selecting parameters , any singular point in the symmetry plane 13 can be combined with the limiting position of the singularity point in-between the symmetry planes, or this point can be included in the singular curve of the degenerate ORT medium. We derive equations for the semi-axes of an ellipse of conical refraction, which is the image of a singular point from plane 13 in the group domain. Conditions for degeneration of the ellipse of conical refraction into a segment or a point are defined. It is shown that there exists only one ORT medium with a fixed phase velocity  of S1- and S2-waves in a given singular direction n. If we present the ORT media as projections of these vectors n onto the plane 12 and mark the value of the Poincaré index of the S1- or S2-wave at the point n, we get 2 regions with indices 1/2 and –1/2 separated by projection of the singular curve in the form of an ellipse or hyperbola. We compute equations for  of a degenerate ORT medium in terms of the values, , and velocity  of S1-, S2-waves on a singular curve. The singular curve is defined by the intersection of a unit sphere with an elliptic cone. It is proved that a degenerate ORT medium for  or  is, respectively, a transversally isotropic medium with a vertical or horizontal axis of symmetry. The results are illustrated in several examples.","PeriodicalId":54141,"journal":{"name":"Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal-Geophysical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44435107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geophysical threats of wartime to high-risk objects of Ukraine","authors":"P. Anakhov","doi":"10.24028/gj.v44i3.261970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24028/gj.v44i3.261970","url":null,"abstract":"Environment is changed by man consciously and mostly unconsciously. A characteristic feature of modern times is the unprecedented number of potentially dangerous enterprises that pose a real threat of emergencies of natural and man-made origin. Accidents at 203 high-risk Ukrainian facilities can lead to emergencies at the regional and state levels, spreading to other countries. Of all human engineering activities, hydraulic engineering has the greatest impact on the natural environment; significant effects of artificial regulation of precipitation, mining. These actions may also have military uses that involve intentional harm. The main task of military hydraulic engineering is the creation of artificial water barriers to advance the enemy. The use of artificial rainfall for the same purpose helps to soften road surfaces and provokes landslides along them, supports the erosion of river fords and increased soil water saturation. The earthquakes caused by the bombings are causing extensive damage to infrastructure. At the end of February 2014, Russia launched hostilities in Ukraine, which began with the annexation of Crimea, continued with a protracted armed conflict in the Donetsk and Luhansk regions, led to the entry of troops on February 24, 2022. Military action is accompanied by conscious and unconscious manifestations of aggression in potentially dangerous enterprises. \u0000To protect against natural disasters of anthropogenic origin, in 1976 the Environmental Modification Convention was adopted. To date, only 94 of the 193 UN countries have ratified or agreed to the Convention. The list of potential 99 violators is supplemented by the founding member states of the United Nations and initiators of the development of the Convention within the USSR, the Russian Federation, which is waging hostilities on the territory of Ukraine, and Belarus.","PeriodicalId":54141,"journal":{"name":"Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal-Geophysical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45007358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}