{"title":"A Profit-Based Unit Commitment using Different Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization for Competitive Market","authors":"A. Ela, G. Ali, H. S. A. El-Ghany","doi":"10.21608/erjm.2008.69500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/erjm.2008.69500","url":null,"abstract":"Two proposed approaches are presented for optimal scheduling of unit commitment (UC) in competitive market. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique is used to find out the solution of both optimal UC scheduling and power generation dispatching problems, simultaneously. These approaches depend on two sigmoid functions to obtain the binary values for the PSO technique. The first approach considers the fuzzification of power generation costs as a sigmoid function, while the second approach considers the fuzzification of power generation as a sigmoid function. An exponential function is proposed to minimize power generation costs as well as maximize their own profit, while all load demand and the power generation constraints are satisfied. Therefore, the generations companies (GENCO) can schedule their output power according to a maximum own profit. This means that, the GENCO must take a decision, how much power and reserve generations should be sold in the markets to obtain a maximum own profit. Different applications are carried out using various standard test systems to show the capability of the proposed approaches the competitive market.","PeriodicalId":54137,"journal":{"name":"International Energy Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2009-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68511872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emission and Combustion Characteristics of Vegetable Oil (Jatropha curcus) Blends in an Indirect Ignition Transportation Engine","authors":"Harish Kumar Gangwar, A. Agarwal","doi":"10.4271/2008-28-0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2008-28-0034","url":null,"abstract":"The scarce and rapidly depleting conventional petroleum resources have promoted research for alternative fuels for internal combustion engines. Among various possible options, fuels derived from vegetable oils present promising “greener” substitutes for fossil fuels. Vegetable oils due to their agricultural origin are able to reduce net CO 2 emissions to the atmosphere along with import substitution of petroleum products. However, several operational and durability problems of using straight vegetable oils in diesel engines are reported, which are because of their higher viscosity and low volatility compared to mineral diesel. In the present research, an experiment was designed to study the effect of reducing Jatropha oil’s viscosity by blending it with mineral diesel, thereby eliminating its effect on combustion characteristics of the engine. In the present experimental research, vegetable oil (Jatropha curcus) was used as substitute fuel. Experimental investigations have been carried out to examine the emission and combustion characteristics of an indirect injection transportation diesel engine running with mineral diesel and vegetable oil blends. Engine tests were performed at different engine loads ranging from no load to 100% rated load at a constant engine speed (2000 rpm). A careful analysis of engine emissions, cylinder pressure rise, instantaneous heat release and cumulative heat release was carried out vis-a-vis mineral diesel to find the suitability of Jatropha oil blends in an unmodified IDI medium duty transportation diesel engine.","PeriodicalId":54137,"journal":{"name":"International Energy Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2008-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4271/2008-28-0034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70661264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Program in Basic for Calculating Solar Radiation in Tropical Climates on Small Computers","authors":"R. Exell","doi":"10.1007/978-94-009-3939-4_2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3939-4_2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54137,"journal":{"name":"International Energy Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"15-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51531882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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