Social Psychology and Society最新文献

{"title":"Socio-Psychological Predictors of Perceived Age as a Prognostic Marker of Aging and Risk of Death","authors":"T. A. Vorontsova","doi":"10.17759/sps.2024150109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/sps.2024150109","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. The study of socio-psychological predictors of the perceived age of adults aged 35 to 75 years.Background. The relevance of the work is determined by the interdisciplinary status of the phenomenon of perceived age (the phenomenon of social cognition and the result of the influence of numerous factors associated with predicting the risk of death) in modern science and the need to determine the influence of socio-psychological factors on the perceived age of a person at the stage of \"maturity\" and \"old age\". Study design. Photographs of perceptual objects previously tested using a block of techniques were shown to perceptual subjects (\"evaluators\") to assess their age, the arithmetic mean of the estimates corresponded to the perceived age of the study participants. Next, a list of possible predictors was compiled, to which multiple regression analysis (step-by-step method) was applied. Participants. 523 people (207 men and 316 women) aged 35 to 75 years took part in the study as objects of perception; 140 people acted as subjects of perception (\"evaluators\") in various rounds of presenting photographs to assess the age of objects of perception. The sample was divided into subgroups of \"mature\" (age 35-59 years, 368 people, 142 men and 226 women, M = 49 years) and \"elderly\" (age 60-75 years, 155 people, 65 men and 90 women, M = 65 years). Measurements. The procedure of \"Photovideopresentation of appearance\" by T.A. Vorontsova; the questionnaire \"Self-assessment of age\" by T.A. Vorontsova; a set of techniques developed by V.A. Labunskaya for the diagnosis of attitude to one's appearance. Results. The paper identifies socio-psychological predictors of a person's perceived age at the age stages of \"maturity\" and \"old age\": subjective age, the importance of appearance, integral assessment of appearance, assessment of appearance by the mother, the need to look younger than their years, economic status. Regression models were compiled separately on male/female subsamples, as well as adults aged 35-59 and 60-75 years. It was found that the regression model built on the data of elderly study participants (from 60 to 75 years old), which included a combination of predictors \"significance of appearance\", \"satisfaction with appearance\" and \"planned life expectancy\", has the greatest predictive value. It is also shown that the behavioral component of the attitude to one's appearance (the severity of appearance-perfectionism) does not affect the indicator of the difference between chronological and perceived age (\"saved years\").Conclusions. The combination of socio-psychological predictors of perceived age varies depending on gender and age stage of life. Universal and gender-specific predictors of perceived age have been identified. The universal predictor, regardless of gender and age stage of life, is the importance of appearance.","PeriodicalId":54079,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychology and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140719431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prejudice Transformation from Overt to Covert Forms as an Indicator of its Functions in Intergroup Relations","authors":"M.V. Kotova","doi":"10.17759/sps.2024150104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/sps.2024150104","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. The study is aimed to clarify the understanding of the functions of prejudice in intergroup relations. A comparison of approaches to explaining intergroup relations and an analysis of the transformation of prejudice into covert, subtle forms were applied in order to achieve the aim. Background. The plasticity of prejudice, its transformation into covert, subtle forms in response to equal rights movements and social inadmissibility, the inconsistencies in the prejudice reduction techniques effectiveness indicates that something fundamental about the nature of prejudice is being missed by researchers. The persistent negativity of prejudice suggests that one should look for this “missing” in the concept of functions. The functions of prejudice per se have not been a focus of research attention yet. Methodology. The rationale was based on functional analysis in psychology, sociology and social anthropology.Conclusions. The persistence, “inflexibility” of a negative attitude is an essential trait of prejudice, and not just an imperfection of its first definitions. It points to the functions that prejudice fulfills in intergroup relations, that is, it leads to a positive, a useful result for the system (society and its structure). Features of the transformation of prejudice into covert forms show that preserving the entitativity and the boundaries of the group (which is the unit of this system) in a “loose” egalitarian society seems to be prejudice function.","PeriodicalId":54079,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychology and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140720918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Managers Competencies on Employee Engagement","authors":"A.B. Karpov, T. Bazarov","doi":"10.17759/sps.2024150107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/sps.2024150107","url":null,"abstract":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Objective.</strong> Analysis of the connection between the level of development of managerial competencies of a manager and the involvement in the work of both himself and his subordinates. <br><strong>Background.</strong> Most managers of modern organizations pay considerable attention to managing employee engagement when working with personnel. One of the key factors influencing employee engagement is the immediate supervisor. It is important to determine the manager’s competencies, through the development of which it is possible to increase the involvement of employees at different levels in the organization. <br><strong>Study design.</strong> The work examined the relationship between the involvement of employees at different levels in the organization and the level of development of the competencies of their managers; and differences between executive and employee engagement. The presence and degree of relationships were determined using correlation analysis, and differences were determined by assessing the reliability of differences in mean values. <br><strong>Participants.</strong> Employees of the organization: 768 people (24,2% men, 75,8% women): 146 (19%) managers and 622 (81%) employees. <br><strong>Measurements.</strong> Methodology for assessing the competencies of managers “360 degrees” based on a corporate model of 8 management competencies; Anonymous engagement questionnaire Kicentric – Russian version. <br><strong>Results.</strong> The manager’s competencies “Understanding the Business”, “Result Orientation”, “Interaction” and “Development of Subordinates” contribute to the involvement of subordinates. “Leadership”, “Initiative”, “Business Understanding”, “Interaction” are also interconnected with the leader’s own involvement. “Planning” is an inverse relationship. It has been established that there are differences in the involvement of managers and employees. <br><strong>С</strong><strong>onclusions.</strong> There is a relationship between the involvement of employees and the manager with the level of development of his competencies: some competencies of managers are associated with high involvement of him and his employees, some with low. A connection was found between the levels of involvement of the manager and employees. Differences in some parameters of engagement between managers and employees were revealed.</p>","PeriodicalId":54079,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychology and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140719227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptation of the Perception of Organizational Policy Scale (POPS) M. Kacmar and D. Carlson: Analysis of Internal Structure","authors":"L. Mararitsa, T. A. Kinunen, S. Gurieva, T. G. Yanicheva, E. Yumkina","doi":"10.17759/sps.2024150111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/sps.2024150111","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. The first stage in adapting the Organizational Policy Perception Scale (POPS) by M. Kacmar and D. Carlson in a Russian-speaking sample: analysis of the internal structure and reliability of the questionnaire. Background. The political nature of the organization is obvious. There are practically no tools that allow you to assess how “politicized” organization is. We need to measure to what extent people are targets of intrigues and informal influence or of unfair distribution of resources in the organization. Can they express their opinion without negative consequences or get a transparent and fair career path? All these questions is of great importance for both the individual and the organization. The best-known tool for studying the subjective assessment of organizational politics is the Organizational Policy Perception Scale (POPS) by M. Kacmar and D. Carlson. This scale was not adapted to the Russian-speaking sample. Study design. The study was carried out in the form of a survey of two samples of people using the “Perceptions of Organizational Politics” (POPS) scale by M. Kacmar and D. Carlson, which was translated into Russian. Participants. The study was conducted on two samples: 407 (52% women) and 575 (100% women) subjects. Measurements. To process and analyze the data, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyzes, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and correlation analysis, and a criterion for comparing mean values were used in the Rstudio statistic environment. Results. In the first sample, it was shown that the scale has good indicators of reliability and model data fit. And, as a result of the exploratory analysis, it was suggested that the exclusion of reverse questions from the scale would improve the internal structure of the questionnaire, the model data fit. It was shown in the analysis of second independent sample data. Scale reliability scores were found to be high, 0,91-0,93 (Cronbach's alpha). Conclusions. As a result of confirmatory factor analysis, we were able to confirm the original three-factor model of the questionnaire. Adaptation of the POPS methodology on a Russian-speaking sample will allow us to study the organizational culture and perception of the organization by the employee in Russian companies.","PeriodicalId":54079,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychology and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140719569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study of the Bystander Effect in Different Helping Situations","authors":"Yu. Ai, R. Ismail, S.T. Chong","doi":"10.17759/sps.2024150108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/sps.2024150108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective. </strong>Explore the presence of the bystander effect in both general situations and emergency situations.<br><strong>Background. </strong>The bystander effect, a classic discovery in social psychology, has attracted significant attention in recent years due to instances of bystander indifference in society. This phenomenon raises the question of whether the bystander effect occurs not only in general situations where help is needed but also in emergency situations. <br><strong>Study design. </strong>The study uses empirical research to investigate the existence of the bystander effect in general and emergency situations. <br><strong>Participants. </strong>Chinese sample: 200 people (university students from Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, and Xi'an International Studies University in China) from 18 to 28 years old (<em>M</em> = 23,50; <em>SD</em> = 4,15). <br><strong>Measurements. </strong>The used scenarios are based on McGuire’s (1994) taxonomy of helping behaviors. <br><strong>Results. </strong>The results indicate that the bystander effect is present in general helping situations, but not in emergency scenarios. <br><strong>Conclusions. </strong>This means that individuals are more likely to exhibit bystander behavior when encountering a situation where assistance is needed but not urgent. However, in emergency situations, the bystander effect does not seem to influence individuals' willingness to help.</p>","PeriodicalId":54079,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychology and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140716975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paradoxes of Kindness in the Context of Prosocial Behavior: Analysis of Modern Concepts","authors":"E. Ryaguzova","doi":"10.17759/sps.2024150101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/sps.2024150101","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. Analysis of the modern concepts of kindness as a moral and ethical construct and a predictor of prosocial human behavior, to identify paradoxes of kindness, indicating the multidimensionality and multidirectionality of the content of kindness, the ambivalence of the consequences of manifestation and the ambiguity of interpretation by the subjects of interaction. Background. In the modern information technology world, the problem of preserving the human in man and his moral cultural code is clearly identified, which is clearly intensifying in an era of uncertainty, instability and global risks. Kindness as a virtue and value, a personal quality and one of the predictors of prosocial behavior, having an interdisciplinary status, is studied in sufficient detail by various researchers, but not all of their results are presented in the domestic literature, and therefore their consolidation and clarification of the “kindness” construct in within the framework of social psychology. Conclusions. Main conclusions. The concept of “kindness” is clarified as an ethical construct of the individual and a predictor of prosocial behavior, as well as a social norm that regulates interpersonal interactions, strengthens trust and ensures social connections. “Paradoxes” of kindness have been identified, containing multidirectional psychological orientations – care for the Other and care for oneself, ambivalent consequences of showing kindness and its ambiguous interpretation by the subjects of interaction. The prospects for empirical research aimed at studying subjective ideas about kindness, diagnosing its modes, and identifying socio-psychological mediators and moderators are identified.","PeriodicalId":54079,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychology and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140719987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attachment to Pets and Love for People – is There a Connection?","authors":"S. Nartova-Bochaver, P. Larionow, E. K. Scherba","doi":"10.17759/sps.2024150110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/sps.2024150110","url":null,"abstract":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Objective. </strong>The study is aimed at investigating the relationship between attachment to pets and pro-social personality characteristics – environmental identity, moral motives, and ecological lifestyle. <br><strong>Background. </strong>Attachment to pets is being investigated in the context animal-assisted therapy animal rights protection but the question of the possible contribution of this phenomenon to the development of humane treatment of people is still open. Is it possible to expect that attachment to a pet has a humanizing effect or does retain its specificity without being related to the pet owners’ pro-social attitudes – this research question reflects the main problem of the study. <br><strong>Study design.</strong> The study has correlational design; data was collected online using the 1ka.si service.<br><strong>Participants.</strong> The study sample consisted of 284 respondents (224 women, 60 men, aged 18-76, <em>M</em>_age = 25,4, <em>SD</em>_age = 9,7, mostly owners of cats and dogs, mostly Russian citizens). <br><strong>Measurements.</strong> Validated Russian versions of the questionnaires were used, i.e., the Lexington attachment to pets scale (modified 8-item version prepared in this study), the 30-item Moral motives scale, the 14-item Environmental identity scale, and the 7-item Ecological lifestyle scale. <br><strong>Results</strong>. It has been found that different aspects of attachment to a pet are indeed associated with environmental identity, moral motives (with the exception of self-restraint), and social eco-activism. It is also shown that two aspects of attachment to pets (pet rights and the experience of happiness from communicating with a pet) in different combinations predict the motives of not-harming, helping, social justice, and social eco-activism. <br><strong>Conclusions</strong>. Attachment to pets is positively related to the pro-social attitudes of the pet owners, mostly those reflected an active pet owners’ position, but is not connected with the self-restraint qualities.</p>","PeriodicalId":54079,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychology and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140717154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Social Trust on Worry about the Future in Comparative Cross-Cultural Perspective","authors":"M.S. Fabrykant","doi":"10.17759/sps.2023140408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/sps.2023140408","url":null,"abstract":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Objective. </strong>Analysis of the effect of social trust on anxiety regarding the occurrence of various negative circumstances in the future.<br><strong>Background. </strong>Experiences of instability and uncertainty prompt us to reconsider the role of social trust. It is important to determine whether social trust is an independent factor that reduces anxiety about the future, or only an effect of the possession of other resources. <br><strong>Study design. </strong>The study examined the main effects of social trust on anxiety regarding the occurrence of various negative circumstances and the interaction effects of trust with other resources. The presence of significant effects and their direction were tested using multilevel ordinal logistic regression analysis. <strong>Participants. </strong>Data from Wave 7 of the World Values Survey, collected 2017-2021 in 62 countries. Country sample sizes range from 1000 to 3200. <br><strong>Measurements. </strong>Items from the World Values Survey are indicators of generalized social trust and anxiety regarding various negative circumstances, as well as sociodemographic variables. GDP per capita at purchasing power parity. <br><strong>Results. </strong>Social trust reduces anxiety about the future. This effect is independent and manifests itself when controlling for the level of possession of other resources. There also exists a negative interaction effect between social trust and other resources. <br><strong>Conclusions. </strong>Social trust reduces anxiety about the future and enhances a similar effect for indicators of the possession of other resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":54079,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychology and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139137303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Ideological Beliefs and Tolerance for Uncertainty in Seeking Esoteric Services","authors":"N. A. Antonova, K.Y. Eritsyan, N. Usacheva","doi":"10.17759/sps.2023140412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/sps.2023140412","url":null,"abstract":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Objective. </strong>Assessing the relationship between the use of esoteric services, tolerance for uncertainty and beliefs unpredictability and determinism. <br><strong>Background.</strong> Esoteric practices today represent a significant market sector worldwide and in Russia. At the same time, predictors of use of such services are still poorly studied. Most psychological research has focused on beliefs in the paranormal or supernatural, while much less attention has been paid to associated behavioral practices. <br><strong>Study design. </strong>Cross-sectional survey study.<br><strong>Participants.</strong> Adult population of Russia (<em>N</em> = 1498, 47% males). A quota sample of an online panel was used to represent the adult population of Russia in terms of gender and age composition and representation of the urban and rural population. Mean age 41,6 years old (<em>SD =</em> 12,72). <br><strong>Measurements. </strong>Russian-language versions of tolerance to uncertainty (MSTAT-I) and belief in freedom/determinism (FAD-Plus) scales, assessment of socio-demographic and behavioral parameters using survey methods. <br><strong>Results. </strong>Seeking esoteric services is associated with a range of beliefs about determinism and unpredictability and is more common among women and people with high religiosity. Contrary to the hypothesis put forward, no relationship was found between seeking esoteric services and tolerance of uncertainty. <br><strong>Conclusions.</strong> Seeking esoteric services is closely related to beliefs about the world: belief in determinism (both fatalistic and scientific) may be a facilitator of the use of such services, while beliefs in unpredictability and freedom are negatively associated with the use of such services.</p>","PeriodicalId":54079,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychology and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139140728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of Radicalisation in Adolescents: Theory, Facts and Comments","authors":"N. Dvoryanchikov, B. G. Bovin, D.V. Melnikova, E.D. Belova, I. Bovina","doi":"10.17759/sps.2023140402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/sps.2023140402","url":null,"abstract":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Objective.</strong> Elaboration of a model to assess the risk of radicalisation in adolescence. <br><strong>Background.</strong> The problem of radicalisation in adolescence is one of the most important problems in modern society, the search for mechanisms of radicalisation, as well as the development of preventive measures are in the focus of attention of researchers. <br><strong>Methodology. </strong>In the logic of the social identity approach and based on the uncertainty-identity theory of M. Hogg, a model for assessing the risk of radicalisation in adolescence is formulated and outlined. <br><strong>Conclusion</strong><strong>s</strong><strong>.</strong> The formulated model for assessing the risk of radicalisation in adolescence postulates: individuals with multiple social identities and individuals without multiple social identities differ in groups that attract them (groups that provide them with meaningful positive social identity): those without multiple social identities have a preference for a group that would give them an clear and certain prototype.</p>","PeriodicalId":54079,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychology and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139139765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}