{"title":"By Us, for Us? Past and Present Black Feminist Publishing Narratives and Routes","authors":"Francesca Sobande","doi":"10.1080/09574042.2021.1973763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09574042.2021.1973763","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract From zine-making to creating independent publishing houses, throughout history, Black women have found routes that enable them to autonomously communicate their perspectives and share their Black feminist creative and campaigning work. The ascent of social media and online content-sharing platforms in recent decades has generated publishing avenues that are often deemed to be more democratic than traditional press and print pathways. The rich history of Black feminist publishing has led to present-day digital forms of ‘do it yourself (DIY)’ and ‘do it together (DIT)’ publishing, including the proliferation of first-person online essays and video blogs (vlogs). This paper maps parts of the legacy of Black feminist publishing in Britain and the broader Black press history that it is part of. There is an exploration of opportunities and challenges involved in Black women’s contemporary publishing via digital terrains, such as tensions between how independent Black feminist writing and cultural production can gain recognition online, yet, in ways that can result in the harassment of Black feminists and the fuelling of mainstream media activity which lacks a Black feminist position. Considering past and present examples of Black feminist publishing in Britain, this paper examines how and why such approaches have changed.","PeriodicalId":54053,"journal":{"name":"Women-A Cultural Review","volume":"6 1","pages":"395 - 409"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85544064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"‘The Business is Political’: Des femmes Publishing House and the Question of Power in the French Women’s Liberation Movement (1972–1979)","authors":"Bibia Pavard","doi":"10.1080/09574042.2021.1973699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09574042.2021.1973699","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In 1972 a new publishing house was created by an activist group of the Women’s Liberation Movement in Paris: ‘Psychoanalysis and Politics’ (Psychanalyse et politique). Following an anti-capitalist and anti-sexist agenda, the aim was to publish all that was ‘repressed by the bourgeois publishing houses’ with a specific focus on women. Funded by the support of a wealthy activist, the group had the opportunity to invent an original business model inspired by a political vision and without any pressure to sell. The publishing house had an important role in providing ‘feminine literature’ and women’s struggles to a large audience with the publication of 150 books between 1974 and 1979, as well as a newspaper and a magazine. However, it was also at the heart of various conflicts within the Women’s Liberation Movement, resulting in trials, tensions deriving from conflicting political views, difficult working relations and competition between publishing houses. More deeply, it revealed the power generated by the possibility of printing. The creation of a trademark and an association in 1979 by the women at the head of the Éditions des femmes, was the climax of the entanglements between activism, business and power. Drawing from archives of ‘Les Éditions des femmes’ and the wider French feminist movement, this article will highlight the many ways in which the feminist publishing business in 1970s France was profoundly political.","PeriodicalId":54053,"journal":{"name":"Women-A Cultural Review","volume":"6 1","pages":"341 - 353"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77574491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Making of Mamatoto: Virago, the Body Shop and Feminist Business Strategy","authors":"Margaret Jolly","doi":"10.1080/09574042.2021.1974156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09574042.2021.1974156","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article explores a collaboration between Virago Press and the Body Shop (TBS) to shine a light on feminist and women’s business, what they have shared historically and how they could work together in late twentieth-century Britain. It uses as a lens the 1991 sale of a Body Shop book, Mamatoto: A Celebration of Birth, to Virago Press. The processes and outcome raise thorny questions: how can political commitments lead to business innovation? How can business support political aims? What kinds of deals can be done between divergent ‘activist’ businesses, and what kind of identification between feminist entrepreneurs supports such deals? Mamatoto, sold alongside a range of mother and baby toiletries of the same name, was important to Virago commercially at a time of economic precarity and expressed TBS’s growing interest in combining marketing with social justice campaigns. Yet the book’s representation of women in developing countries points to neo-colonial elements in the white, middle-class ‘mama market’ of the 1990s, a market which TBS especially cultivated but which contradicted the principles of the women’s movements Virago aimed to serve. The Mamatoto deal thus arguably involved political compromise, even if it was good business. Yet, the partnership also reflects the strategy and strengths of both Virago (established 1974) and TBS (1976) as enduring and iconic women-centred businesses. TBS simultaneously pioneered fair-trade initiatives and a ground-breaking practice of ‘social’ audit, while Virago was developing more inclusive, multi-cultural and transnational approaches to its work, including in a contemporaneous production of a cookbook with the development charity Oxfam. Understanding their struggles to align value chains and combine purpose and profit remains positive and instructive for would-be feminist entrepreneurs today.","PeriodicalId":54053,"journal":{"name":"Women-A Cultural Review","volume":"108 1","pages":"318 - 340"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74830674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Purpose, Power and Profit in Feminist Publishing: An Introduction","authors":"Margaret Jolly","doi":"10.1080/09574042.2021.1973698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09574042.2021.1973698","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introducing a special issue about the business aspects of feminist and women’s movement publishing, this article surveys the perennial tensions between cultural and political aims and the economic models necessary for sustainable operation. Addressing a range of beloved periodicals and book publishing ventures, including Spare Rib, Ms, Red Rag, Virago, Des Femmes, Honno, Sheba, Bogle L’Ouverture, Onlywomen Outwrite, The F-Word, The Vagenda, Feminist Frequency, Feministing, The Establishment, Crunk Feminist Collective and Cassava Republic Press, I identify a shared scene of hopeful activist enterprise within a complex ecology embracing the market, public funding, philanthropy as well as the feminist ‘gift economy’ of voluntary work and bartering. I argue that, where ventures failed, they nevertheless generally acted as socially responsible businesses, producing publications with a long tail of value which includes and exceeds the economic. I apply this lens to the case of Women: A Cultural Review itself, revealing its former incarnation as a feminist arts magazine Women’s Review, which ran from 1985 to 1987, and the way its meaning, purpose and value has been preserved under new ownership. This raises general questions about the business of academic publishing, university markets and the paradoxes of platforms which enable protest about the terms of their production.","PeriodicalId":54053,"journal":{"name":"Women-A Cultural Review","volume":"5 1","pages":"227 - 247"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80862115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"‘Balancing on a Razor’s Edge’: Running the Radical Feminist Lesbian Onlywomen Press","authors":"G. Murphy","doi":"10.1080/09574042.2021.1973735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09574042.2021.1973735","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article follows the story of Onlywomen Press as told from the archives they created, which are now available in the Women’s Library at LSE. Onlywomen Press was Britain’s first radical feminist lesbian printing and publishing company. Founded in 1974, the press had two aims: to publish lesbian women’s writing and to enable women to control the print production process itself. Being part of the women’s liberation movement meant not only recognizing their oppression but also opting out of the mechanisms that supported that oppression and creating new ways of working. This article will show that while their vision remained constant, it was extremely difficult to achieve and remain financially solvent.","PeriodicalId":54053,"journal":{"name":"Women-A Cultural Review","volume":"40 1","pages":"442 - 456"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87708389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Feminist Business Praxis and Spare Rib Magazine","authors":"L. Delap","doi":"10.1080/09574042.2021.1972657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09574042.2021.1972657","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article analyses the ‘business praxis’ of the feminist magazine Spare Rib, one of UK feminism’s most enduring cultural institutions. It discusses the diverse ways Spare Rib sustained itself financially (or not), with reference to the role of advertising, distribution, revenue and wages. I explore how Spare Rib developed ethical approaches to business through supporting other women-led business endeavours and attempting to balance profitability with accountability to its readership and the wider women’s movement. The provision of grant funding by the Greater London Council transformed Spare Rib’s fortunes in the early 1980s and demonstrates the ways in which the magazine operated in a market ecology comprising commercial, publicly funded and philanthropic elements. Tracing the history of radical political movements as enterprises and employers expands the existing field of business history and connects it to the history of social movements. The concept of ‘business praxis’, extending across public, private and philanthropic sectors, helps nuance simplistic talk of ‘the market’ or ‘enterprise culture’ in late twentieth-century Britain. It also expands social movement analysis, demonstrating that making money and creating employment were important though often controversial principles of radical activism.","PeriodicalId":54053,"journal":{"name":"Women-A Cultural Review","volume":"57 1","pages":"248 - 271"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84737251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From Self-Publishing Collective to Multinational Corporation: The Publishing History of In Other Words–Writing as a Feminist","authors":"G. Chester","doi":"10.1080/09574042.2021.1972656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09574042.2021.1972656","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This case study investigates how books and journals arising from a political movement can be repackaged and commodified for the benefit of a multinational corporation 1 . In Other Words was published in 1987 in Hutchinson Education's ‘Explorations in Feminism’ series, after Hutchinson took over the series from the publications collective of the Women's Research and Resources Centre (which later changed its name to the Feminist Library, which still exists today). By the time In Other Words sold out its print run in the mid-90s, the book had passed through five publishing houses, before coming to rest with Routledge. It was out of print until 2011, when Routledge contacted the editors to say they were reissuing In Other Words as a facsimile edition in hardback, paperback, and e-book. The book was based on papers produced for a conference on feminism and writing that was held in Edinburgh in 1983, organized by Gail Chester, the author of the present article, Sigrid Nielsen, who co-edited In Other Words with Gail, and Ellie Siegel, who would have been a co-editor had she not returned to the USA. There were 130 participants at the conference, and it was organized as part of the prevailing WLM collective ethic/practice, which was to bring feminist writers together to learn from and encourage each other. While focusing on Routledge's publishing policies, the article locates these within the policies of academic book and journal publishing more widely. It reflects on the market for printing and reprinting of feminist books and journals, and the conundrums of the interface between commercial publishing and radical political projects.","PeriodicalId":54053,"journal":{"name":"Women-A Cultural Review","volume":"19 5 1","pages":"372 - 394"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83556248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"‘A Company that Runs on Tummy Waters’","authors":"Eleanor Careless","doi":"10.1080/09574042.2021.1973764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09574042.2021.1973764","url":null,"abstract":"An activist business, by definition, prioritizes values over profit, but the market must play some role—however small—in the running of any business. Davis’s comparative study of activist businesses in the US challenges the ‘widespread idea that the work of social movements and political dissent is by definition antithetical to all business and marketplace activity’ (4). In four chapters, each devoted to a different type of activist enterprise (Black-owned bookstores, head shops, feminist businesses and natural food stores), Davis shows how activist enterprises performed ‘political outreach’ and drew more people into their movements by offering free and safe spaces where marginalized groups could meet and political values were","PeriodicalId":54053,"journal":{"name":"Women-A Cultural Review","volume":"89 1","pages":"467 - 476"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90704315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Feminist Book Publishing Today","authors":"Bibi Bakare-Yusuf, S. Dosekun","doi":"10.1080/09574042.2021.1973732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09574042.2021.1973732","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this piece, Bibi Bakare-Yusuf, publisher of Cassava Republic Press based in Abuja (Nigeria) and London (UK), discusses with Simidele Dosekun her founding and continued visions for the press, how these translate into the daily management and operations of the business, and the opportunities and challenges publishing presents for feminist, Black and African political purposes, including transnationally. We also discuss what it means to run and brand a feminist business in a contemporary cultural climate in which feminism is said to be ‘popular’.","PeriodicalId":54053,"journal":{"name":"Women-A Cultural Review","volume":"14 1","pages":"434 - 441"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79628534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Curating Women’s Business: A Feminist Publishing Perspective","authors":"Polly Russell, Margaret Jolly","doi":"10.1080/09574042.2021.1973736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09574042.2021.1973736","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article takes the form of an interview with Polly Russell, the Lead Curator for Contemporary Politics and Public Life in the Manuscripts and Archives department at the British Library 2015–20, who is also British Library partner to the Business of Women’s Words project, led by interviewer Margaretta Jolly. Russell discusses if and how archival practices capture radical business histories and how they could be developed to further connect and communicate them. This includes debates over enhancing collection records, privacy, law and reputation management, and links with professional and social movement networks. She points to the creative use of archival materials from Virago, Spare Rib and other feminist publishing businesses in a digital map, radio programmes, schools and professional training workshops, and a major public exhibition at The British Library. We conclude by considering the future of the radical business archive in an age of digital technology.","PeriodicalId":54053,"journal":{"name":"Women-A Cultural Review","volume":"19 1","pages":"457 - 466"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76958968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}