Journal of Conflict Archaeology最新文献

{"title":"The Osteological composition of the alleged victims of the Xhosa Cattle-Killing Saga from Edward Street Cemetery, King William’s Town, South Africa","authors":"Morongwa Nancy Mosothwane","doi":"10.1080/15740773.2017.1480428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15740773.2017.1480428","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In 1993, the remains of a minimum of 17 individuals from more than 150 commingled human bones were unethically excavated at Edward Street Cemetery in King William’s Town, South Africa. The remains are believed to have been of victims of the mid nineteenth century Xhosa cattle-killing incident, which came as a prophetic instruction through Nongqawuse. The incident led to a severe artificially induced famine among the Xhosa people and some of them died as a result of starvation. The deceased were buried on the unmarked and non-consecrated side of the cemetery. This report presents a detailed summary of the osteological analysis of the remains from the 1993 exhumation. Despite the current historical emphasis on the issue of death due to starvation, the bones do not show any signs of nutritional stress.","PeriodicalId":53987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflict Archaeology","volume":"12 1","pages":"163 - 176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15740773.2017.1480428","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60062579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The application of LiDAR-based DEMs on WWII conflict sites in the Netherlands","authors":"Max van der Schriek, W. Beex","doi":"10.1080/15740773.2017.1440960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15740773.2017.1440960","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Airborne Laser Scanning or Light Detecting And Ranging (LiDAR) is quite a new technique for most archaeologists. Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), derived from the LiDAR-data, can be very useful to map archaeological sites in order to get a better overview of what is left and how these remains should be protected and researched further. LiDAR-based DEMs can be extremely useful to conflict archaeologists, especially in the Netherlands where excavation of the remains of World War II (WWII) is often problematic. Using DEMs it is possible to make both an indication of the archaeological and the heritage value of a conflict site. The use of DEMs will improve the prospection, mapping and monitoring of archaeological sites.","PeriodicalId":53987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflict Archaeology","volume":"12 1","pages":"114 - 94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15740773.2017.1440960","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42171416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial","authors":"I. Banks, T. Pollard","doi":"10.1080/15740773.2017.1443564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15740773.2017.1443564","url":null,"abstract":"This issue of the Journal is slightly thematic: two LiDAR-based papers and one using KOKOA (which uses some insights derived from LiDAR data). Effectively, we have three papers that are looking at different ways to investigate and understand conflict landscapes. All three papers provide an exciting introduction to what can be done, applying new ways of looking and thinking about conflict and the landscapes in which conflicts take place. The paper by Nico Roymans, Bart Beex and Jan Roymans looks at a conflict that rarely produces much archaeological research, the conflict that resulted in the separation of the Netherlands and Belgium into independent kingdoms between 1830 and 1839. The study is also of conflict-related archaeology rather than a battlefield, as it looks at the camps of the Dutch army and compares them to Napoleonic French army camps. This is a clear example of the power of LiDAR, where large areas can be covered rapidly, and at a very high resolution that records the very subtle traces left by the features of the camp. Terrestrial survey would miss much of this, and an effective survey would be prohibitively expensive and time-consuming. The LiDAR data provide beautiful images with stunning clarity, which can then be matched against the contemporary plans of the camps. The second paper is also on the subject of LiDAR imaging, and is by Max van der Schriek and Willem Beex. The focus of this paper is the traces of fuel dumps, ammunition stores, foxholes and so forth from the German occupation in the Second World War; these are features similar to those that have been discussed in papers in previous issues, most recently in issue 12.1 by Passmore et al. (2017). Van der Schriek and Beek look at the LiDAR images of the German features, with earlier features also visible. The paper also goes into detail about the way in which LiDAR data is gathered, and the potential issues that there might be with the images that result. The images are again very striking and show what can be done with LiDAR in the best conditions. The final paper is from Craig Brown, Jesús Torres-Martínez, Manuel Fernández-Götz and Antxoka Martínez-Velasco. Rather than focusing on LiDAR, this paper uses data from excavations, surveys and LiDAR to inform a KOKOA analysis of the fighting around Bergida in the Roman period. This is a very welcome paper for the journal: we rarely get papers from Classical sites, but it is also a paper that puts KOKOA into practice. The conflict landscape is analysed through this US Army approach, allowing the archaeologists to develop a deeper understanding of the nature and course of the fighting than the artefact distributions and texts could provide on their own. It could be argued that KOKOA just provides a justification for the instincts of the archaeologists, but it does provide a framework for asking questions and developing answers about that landscape. These papers give a strong indication of the potential for conflict archaeology","PeriodicalId":53987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflict Archaeology","volume":"12 1","pages":"73 - 74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15740773.2017.1443564","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43180632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fought under the walls of Bergida: KOCOA analysis of the Roman attack on the Cantabrian oppidum of Monte Bernorio (Spain)","authors":"Craig J. Brown, Jesús F. Torres-Martínez, Manuel Fernández-Götz, Antxoka Martínez-Velasco","doi":"10.1080/15740773.2017.1440993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15740773.2017.1440993","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As conflict archaeology has matured as a discipline, there have been calls for more unified analytical techniques. Several researchers advocate the adoption of codified analytical and planning concepts used by the United States Army. One of these concepts, KOCOA Terrain Analysis, shows promise as a locational and analytical aid in archaeological contexts. Defining terrain features are identified and categorized according to well-defined terminology, allowing for a detailed analysis of the effects of terrain on military operations. KOCOA’s structure and codification render the concept transferable between researchers and diachronically across different site types. KOCOA has only rarely been utilized outside the United States and only on historical battlefields. The ongoing archaeological research at the Monte Bernorio oppidum (Palencia, Spain) provides an opportunity to utilize KOCOA in a classical, proto-historical archaeological context.","PeriodicalId":53987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflict Archaeology","volume":"12 1","pages":"115 - 138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15740773.2017.1440993","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47421153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Some Napoleonic-style army camps from the period of the Dutch-Belgian separation (1830–1839) in the Southern Netherlands","authors":"N. Roymans, Bart Beex, J. Roymans","doi":"10.1080/15740773.2017.1440963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15740773.2017.1440963","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper focuses on the period of the political separation of the Netherlands and Belgium (1830–1839). Both countries were in a state of war for almost a decade, which resulted in massive troop deployments along their borders and the militarisation of the landscape. The principal objects of study are the Dutch army camps at Rijen and Oirschot near the Belgian border, which to date have barely received any scholarly attention. Both camps were almost 2 km across and offered accommodation to up to 12,000 infantry soldiers. They will be studied from an archaeological-historical perspective, focusing on the spatial and social dimensions of the camps and their place in the wider landscape. The camps are representative of the final stage of pre-industrial warfare in Europe, which is characterised by a continuation of many eighteenth century and Napoleonic traditions.","PeriodicalId":53987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflict Archaeology","volume":"12 1","pages":"75 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15740773.2017.1440963","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42610883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards an archaeology and geography of Second World War German munitions storage sites in north-west Europe","authors":"D. Passmore, David Capps-Tunwell, M. Reinders, S. Harrison","doi":"10.1080/15740773.2017.1426535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15740773.2017.1426535","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper reviews the signature characteristics of extant Second World War German army munitions storage landscapes in forested areas of north-west Europe with particular reference to sites in north-west France and the Netherlands. Archaeological survey, aerial photographs and documentary archives show the geography of munitions sites exhibit a regulated pattern of bunker disposition and spacing that is adapted to local road configurations and terrain. Non-hardened bunkers form the predominant feature in munitions depots and conform to a five-/six-fold typology defined by non-invasive survey and excavated examples from the Netherlands. The typology reflects an evolution of storage protocols towards all-round protection from the effects of weather and blast, but also reveals variation in size, structural characteristics and function that poses questions for further study. It is anticipated that these results will be of diagnostic value in future Second World War conflict archaeological survey of German military support structures in formerly occupied territories.","PeriodicalId":53987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflict Archaeology","volume":"12 1","pages":"46 - 71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15740773.2017.1426535","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48766531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The excavation of WWII RAF bomber, Halifax LV881-ZA-V","authors":"P. Marter, R. Visser, Pim Alders, C. Röder, M. Gottwald, Mirko Mank, Steven Hubbard, Udo Recker","doi":"10.1080/15740773.2017.1414423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15740773.2017.1414423","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article outlines the preliminary results of archaeological fieldwork at the crash site of RAF Halifax bomber LV881-ZA-V and explores some of the challenges presented by the excavation of this military wartime crash site. The aircraft and her crew were shot down by a German night fighter in the early hours of 31 March 1944 during the infamous Nuremberg Raid. Four of her crew were killed and the remaining three were taken prisoner and later took part in the ‘Long March’. All three survived the war. An international team comprised of staff and students from Germany, the Netherlands, Finland and the UK explored what remained of the crash site, located on a hill outside the village of Steinheim, north east of Frankfurt in the German Federal State of Hesse.","PeriodicalId":53987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflict Archaeology","volume":"12 1","pages":"29 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15740773.2017.1414423","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48448013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial","authors":"I. Banks, T. Pollard","doi":"10.1080/15740773.2017.1429239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15740773.2017.1429239","url":null,"abstract":"The papers in this first issue of the 12th volume of this journal are all on topics associated with the Second World War. The first paper (by Seitsonen, Herva, Nordqvist, and Herva) is a report on the excavation of a Prisoner of War work camp in Arctic Finland, the first German camp in Finland to be excavated. The Arctic north is a very different environment to that of most of Europe, and accordingly the camps demonstrate features uncommon to other German prisoner of war camps. The paper goes beyond a mere excavation report to show some of the real potential of Conflict Archaeology by tracing the lines of distribution into the camp of material from across Europe. It is a tremendous piece of research that both demonstrates what can be done with Conflict Archaeology, and the research potential of prisoner of war camps. It is also a welcome paper on the less martial aspects of Conflict Archaeology, looking at the archaeology beyond the battlefield. The second paper (by Marter, Visser, Alders, Röder, Gottwald, Mank, Hubbard and Recker) is an account of the excavation of a Halifax bomber shot down in March 1944 over Germany. Most aircraft excavations to date have been carried out by enthusiasts, with variable quality of recording and commitment to understanding the details of the crash. This excavation combined metal detector survey with traditional archaeological excavation techniques to provide information that was sufficient to allow reconstruction of the shooting down and crashing of the aircraft. The paper is a useful contribution to the developing sub-discipline of aviation archaeology as it shows just how much material can be recovered through careful excavation, and underlines that aircraft wrecks from the twentieth century should not be abandoned to trophy hunters, but should be treated as any other aspect of the historic environment. The final paper in the issue (by Dave Passmore, David Capps-Tunwell, Martijn Reinders and Stephan Harrison) is another aspect of the archaeology of the Second World War behind the frontline. The research looks at the fuel dumps and ammo stores of north-west Europe, providing a very useful typology of such sites that can be used across Western Europe. The team responsible for this research has provided a series of papers over the past few years both in this journal and in others on the ephemeral Second World War remains still surviving in forested environments, and this contribution adds to that corpus of material that is now available for the long-term benefit of other researchers. This final paper works particularly well with the first paper, as both look at the material which was a part of the daily lived experience of soldiers and PoWs during the Second World War. Both papers resulted from projects dealing with the traces of the Second World War that survive in woodlands and on marginal ground that have remained largely untouched since the war. Whereas the towns and fields of Europe have lost many of the trac","PeriodicalId":53987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflict Archaeology","volume":"12 1","pages":"1 - 2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15740773.2017.1429239","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43681372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A military camp in the middle of nowhere: mobilities, dislocation and the archaeology of a Second World War German military base in Finnish Lapland","authors":"O. Seitsonen, Vesa-Pekka Herva, K. Nordqvist, Anu Herva, Sanna Seitsonen","doi":"10.1080/15740773.2017.1389496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15740773.2017.1389496","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article discusses military mobilities and encampment, and associated themes such as dislocation and displacement of people, through the case of a Second World War German military camp in Finnish Lapland. The article describes the camp and its archaeological research and discusses various aspects of the camp and camp life in its particular subarctic ‘wilderness’ setting, framing the discussion within the themes of mobilities and dislocations, and especially their multiple impacts on the German troops and their multinational prisoners-of-war based in the camp. A particular emphasis is put on how mobilities and dislocation – in effect ‘being stuck’ in a northern wilderness – were intertwined and how the inhabitants of the camp coped with the situation, as well as how this is reflected in the different features of the camp itself and the archaeological material that the fieldwork produced.","PeriodicalId":53987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflict Archaeology","volume":"12 1","pages":"28 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15740773.2017.1389496","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48297272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nazi camps on British soil: the excavation of Lager Wick forced labour camp in Jersey, Channel Islands","authors":"Gilly Carr","doi":"10.17863/CAM.10025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.10025","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The forced labour camp of Lager Wick in Jersey, built during the German occupation of the Channel Islands in 1942, is the first Nazi camp to be excavated on British soil. This paper presents the findings from three seasons of fieldwork (2014–16), and includes an analysis of the architecture of internment and the signposts it leaves for that which does not survive. It also draws into sharp relief the link between archaeology and oral testimony and the way that archaeology can both back up and disprove the historical record. Finally, this paper examines the important role that archaeology can play in uncovering and helping to normalize ‘taboo heritage’.","PeriodicalId":53987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflict Archaeology","volume":"11 1","pages":"135 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67572218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}