Journal of Conflict Archaeology最新文献

{"title":"Nazis, we still hate those guys!","authors":"I. Banks","doi":"10.1080/15740773.2022.2201161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15740773.2022.2201161","url":null,"abstract":"In Volume 4 of the Journal of Conflict Archaeology, Professor Tony Pollard and I produced an editorial entitled ‘Nazis, We Hate Those Guys!’ (Pollard and Banks 2008). Largely the work of Tony, it was a look at the world of Holocaust denial and a consideration of the issues of free speech that arise when dealing with ideas that are morally repugnant. It serves today as a snapshot of the situation in 2008 and is interesting if for no other reason because it shows how much better things were in 2008. Holocaust denial was very much a fringe issue, albeit with a worrying upsurge of antisemitism and Holocaust denial in the Middle East, led largely by then-President of Iran Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. He had recently (2006) held an ‘International Conference to Review the Global Vision of the Holocaust’, which was basically just a platform for deniers to present their ideas in a public forum with a veneer of respectability (Pollard and Banks 2008, vii). Despite this, there was no apparent risk that such ideas might become mainstream in 2008. Fast forward to 2022, nearly 15 years later, and we cannot be as certain that Holocaust denial is out in the far fringes. Issues of free speech have become weaponised in the febrile political climate that has developed since 2008. Since 2008, the world has changed dramatically. That was the year that finance capitalism appeared to implode, and the banking world was saved from the disasters that bankers’ follies had created by huge inputs of public money that left public finances across the world struggling to cope. In the wake of this, austerity became a part of life in Britain at least for the foreseeable future. The Middle East remained in crisis, with Israel a constant potential flashpoint; it was joined by a long and bloody civil war in Syria and the apparently unstoppable growth of the ISIS caliphate that murdered its way across Iraq and Syria, with offshoots creating havoc across the Muslim world as organised terrorism. This, along with the economic chaos that afflicted the world, caused waves of immigration as people fled starvation, economic collapse, and violent conflict. As the refugees streamed away from the Middle East and Africa, their destination tended to be Europe. Here they faced an uncertain welcome as an international game of pass the parcel meant that each nation gave lip service to the idea of taking a share of the refugees while some did everything that they could to avoid taking a share. It created tensions within the EU, especially as the Germans seemed to be taking the most refugees as Chancellor Merkel kept Germany’s borders open. Britain, in contrast, took as few as we could get away with. At the same time as all this, nationalism was becoming more and more apparent within national politics across Europe. In Ukraine, the tensions between the largely pro-Western Ukrainian population and the largely pro-Russia Russian-speaking population came to a head with the Maidan Revolution of 2014. This result","PeriodicalId":53987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflict Archaeology","volume":"17 1","pages":"147 - 154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43743942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cold War conflicts and the USCG Afetna Point LORAN station in Saipan, CNMI","authors":"Boyd Dixon","doi":"10.1080/15740773.2022.2113354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15740773.2022.2113354","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study focuses on the US Coast Guard LORAN station at Afetna Point in Saipan, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, to discern what social impact the Cold War facility and servicemen had on the local community. Archaeological and archival investigations indicate that the facility was built a few months after the American WWII invasion of Japanese-held Saipan in June 1944. Oral histories gathered from senior members of the indigenous Chamorro community in the village of San Antonio revealed that the station and US Coast Guard service members played a complex and vital role in the social and economic life of the local community during the Cold War.","PeriodicalId":53987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflict Archaeology","volume":"17 1","pages":"128 - 145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43969806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Winter camp’ 1917: integrated conflict archaeology on the Messines Ridge 1914-1918 (Belgium)","authors":"W. Gheyle, J. Bourgeois, N. Note, T. Saey, V. Van Eetvelde, M. Van Meirvenne, B. Stichelbaut","doi":"10.1080/15740773.2022.2111538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15740773.2022.2111538","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Integrated research using aerial photography, proximal soil sensing, historical research and excavations of an unusual First World War site in Flanders (Belgium) is presented. Aerial photography revealed a grid of 5x6 huts unusually close to the front line. Geophysical research indicates good preservation of these structures. A targeted excavation was carried out. The results give insight into the structure of a military camp built in autumn 1917, used until the German offensive of April 1918. Research on excavated objects and historical sources revealed the camp was as the winter quarters for British and Australian pioneers. The unusual location and the fact that the pioneers occupied the camp themselves means that the huts found were not standard and dug in to provide extra protection. This research shows that barracks camps can be well preserved in the soil archives and have the potential to uncover stories from everyday life behind the front.","PeriodicalId":53987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflict Archaeology","volume":"17 1","pages":"66 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49516549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXCAVATING WAR AND IDLENESS: THE CASE OF SVÆRHOLT","authors":"Stein Farstadvoll, Ingar Figenschau, Bjørnar J. Olsen, Christopher L. Witmore","doi":"10.1080/15740773.2022.2111539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15740773.2022.2111539","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT For the last decade, the World War II prisoner-of-war camp and battery at Sværholt in northernmost Norway have been objects of archaeological investigation. This article presents the results from excavations and associated studies, including new descriptions of extant structures and found artefacts, comparative osteological analyses of middens, and their implications. Our purpose in presenting these results is to: 1) explore what an extraordinary array of unearthed material can reveal about the conditions and fates of those involved in, or affected by, the German occupation during the war; 2) to show how the archaeology of Sværholt, with all its heterogeneity, leads us in a direction at variance with historical generalizations and expectations; 3) to convey how the extant ruins and remains provide affective glimpses into their formative causes: the abandonment and near-complete destruction of the battery, garrison, hamlet, and POW camp, during a few intense days of evacuation in November 1944.","PeriodicalId":53987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflict Archaeology","volume":"17 1","pages":"87 - 127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45582748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The terrain around Stirling at the Battle of Bannockburn 1314: combined scientific and documentary approaches to reconstruction. II. The ‘High Road’","authors":"R. Tipping, J. Harrison, D. Paterson, G. Cook, D. Hamilton","doi":"10.1080/15740773.2022.2106810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15740773.2022.2106810","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this second part, we analyse from new radiocarbon (14C) dating of landforms, palaeo-environmental analyses of sediment stratigraphies and documentary evidence for land use, the ‘high road’ to Stirling, across high ground west of the coastal plain, in the early 14th century. We identify a number of significant mis-perceptions of the landscape in the literature, and again stress the need for linked multi-proxy data sources. We re-think the obstacles imagined by some workers to have faced the advancing English to Stirling and show that few were obstacles, particularly in comparison to a path across the coastal plain. We show that the distribution of peat in basins and deep river valleys will have presented problems, however, and this may have been influential.","PeriodicalId":53987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflict Archaeology","volume":"17 1","pages":"48 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42838639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The terrain around Stirling at the battle of Bannockburn 1314: combined scientific and documentary approaches to reconstruction. I. The ‘low road’","authors":"R. Tipping, J. Harrison, D. Paterson, G. Cook, D. Hamilton","doi":"10.1080/15740773.2022.2106809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15740773.2022.2106809","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Bannockburn is of immense importance in the Medieval histories of England and Scotland. Where the battle took place is still unknown, as is the terrain, what the place looked like. The two parts of this paper examine these problems by generating new data on environmental and land use reconstruction. The physical appearance of the landscape was reconstructed from radiocarbon (14C) dating of landforms and palaeo-environmental analyses of sediment stratigraphies; new documentary evidence, specifically on the local environment and land use provided much detail. In Part I, we analyse the early 14th century landscape of the ‘low road’ to Stirling, across the coastal plain. This has been mis-interpreted by historians less concerned than us with detail. We have re-defined the complexity of the coastal plain, emphasized its dynamism, identified natural hazards that may have influenced decision-making by the combatants, including a new understanding of the Bannock Burn itself, debated with new evidence but not resolved key aspects of the land cover, and suggested a setting for the battle itself.","PeriodicalId":53987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflict Archaeology","volume":"17 1","pages":"30 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60062859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"O Penedo dos Lobos: Roman military activity in the uplands of the Galician Massif (Northwest Iberia)","authors":"J. Fonte, José Manuel Costa-García, Manuel Gago","doi":"10.1080/15740773.2021.1980757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15740773.2021.1980757","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A new Roman military site was recently detected in Galicia, Spain, an area where the army presence had been challenging to trace until date. O Penedo dos Lobos is a playing-card shaped camp with very distinctive, fortified entrances. The archaeological survey conducted on this site in the summer of 2018 allowed us to recover some elements of Roman militaria, as well as numismatic evidence dating back to late 1st c. BC, thus suggesting a connection with the Cantabrian-Asturian Wars of Augustan times. However, there is still some uncertainty regarding the specific task undertaken by the military contingent that occupied this site. Besides its historical implications, a focus will be given to the methodology applied for the archaeological survey of this site. This has shed new light on the Roman military presence in Galicia, allowing its integration into wider European debates on Roman conquest and expansion.","PeriodicalId":53987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflict Archaeology","volume":"17 1","pages":"5 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44045971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial","authors":"I. Banks","doi":"10.1080/15740773.2021.2132756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15740773.2021.2132756","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflict Archaeology","volume":"16 1","pages":"115 - 118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45882413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An archaeological evaluation of crimes committed in the Arnsberg Forest (South Westphalia, Germany) in the final months of the Second World War","authors":"Michael Baales, Marcus Weidner, M. Zeiler","doi":"10.1080/15740773.2022.2124142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15740773.2022.2124142","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In recent years an historical reappraisal has been carried out of one of the worst crimes – outside of prisons and concentration camps – committed in Germany by the SS and Wehrmacht in the final months of the Second World War: the execution of 208 forced labourers by firing squad in the Arnsberg Forest near Warstein and Meschede (Westphalia, western Germany) by the ‘Division for Vengeance’ of the SS in March 1945. The use of archaeological research methods allowed us to (1) pinpoint both the scenes of the crimes and the events, (2) recover and classify finds attributed to both the victims and the perpetrators and (3) uncover and record in their historical context concrete finds and features from when the atrocity occurred, the period of the initial burial of the victims by US troops in May 1945 and their exhumation in 1964, with the aim of preserving them for future presentations.","PeriodicalId":53987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflict Archaeology","volume":"16 1","pages":"162 - 189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43223109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Archers at Ugarit: archaeology of archery at the site of Tel Ras Shamra","authors":"James Bowden","doi":"10.1080/15740773.2022.2089867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15740773.2022.2089867","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article examines the role of archery in the city-state of Ugarit and argues that archery was more central to the military establishment than previously suggested. The article examines key texts found at the site, archaeological remains dug up in the early stages of Ugaritic research, and looks at the focus of archaeology on chariots rather than any other forms of warfare to suggest that archery was more fundamental to life in Ugarit and contemporary research has ignored this in favour of chariot-driven narratives. This study reveals important outcomes as its presence suggests that there was an archery connection between the palace and populace. In addition, its presence at the site and place as a part of the Ugaritic military structure is likely to have been more central to it than has been previously suggested. It strongly argues against positions advanced by Juan Pablo Vita and Marguerite Yon that have advocated for a primary role for chariots at Ugarit and it serving as a chariot entrepot. The interpretation argues for a position less towards chariotry and more towards a view that individual city-states, specifically Ugarit, and societies valued different weapons and that weapons were not evenly or monolithically applied.","PeriodicalId":53987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflict Archaeology","volume":"16 1","pages":"119 - 133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49011594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}