CANADIAN REVIEW OF AMERICAN STUDIES最新文献

{"title":"Modern Liberty, Partisanship, and Identity: On Mark Lilla and Yuval Levin","authors":"T. Shelley","doi":"10.3138/cras-2021-011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cras-2021-011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Applying Pierre Manent's description of the modern regime as an \"organization of separations,\" this essay retraces the respective developmental accounts of this regime in the early works of Yuval Levin and Mark Lilla—who each analyze a particular separation—and demonstrates its influence on their more recent American political commentary. We gain a deeper understanding of key differences in conservative and liberal approaches to revitalizing contemporary civic life and renewed appreciation for the inescapability of partisanship in thinking and acting politically. Both Levin and Lilla—scholars and public intellectuals alike—emphasize the importance of reason in undergirding free and deliberative politics, but they differ on how it emerges and is best upheld, which in turn influences their proposed remedies for today's growing individualism, meeting the challenge of identity politics, and restoring moderation to the present political situation. This essay thereby demonstrates that foundational thinking shapes analyses and prognoses of present political discontents, as much as contemporary concerns about partisanship and identity are endogenous to modern liberty.Résumé:Appliquant la description de Pierre Manent du régime moderne comme une « organisation des séparations », le présent article retrace les comptes rendus respectifs du développement de ce régime dans les premiers travaux de Yuval Levin et Mark Lilla-qui analysent chacun une séparation particulière-et démontre son influence sur leurs plus récents commentaires concernant la politique américaine. Ce travail d'analyse permet d'avoir une meilleure compréhension des différences clés entre les approches conservatrices et libérales de la revitalisation de la vie civique contemporaine, ainsi que de l'intérêt renouvelé concernant l'inéluctabilité de la partisanerie dans la pensée et l'action politiques. Levin et Lilla–universitaires, acteurs publics et intellectuels-soulignent tous deux l'importance de la raison dans le fondement d'une politique libre et délibérative, mais ils divergent sur la manière dont elle émerge et est le mieux défendue, ce qui, en retour, influence les solutions qu'ils proposent pour s'attaquer à l'individualisme croissant d'aujourd'hui, relever le défi de la politique identitaire et restaurer la modération dans la situation politique actuelle. Ainsi, cet article démontre que la pensée fondamentale façonne les analyses et les pronostics des mécontentements politiques actuels, tout autant que les préoccupations contemporaines sur la partisanerie et l'identité sont endogènes à la liberté moderne.","PeriodicalId":53953,"journal":{"name":"CANADIAN REVIEW OF AMERICAN STUDIES","volume":"52 1","pages":"206 - 228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48886355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“The Spirit of Their Fathers Moves Within Them”: The Radical Conservatism of the Virginia Populists","authors":"G. J. Harp","doi":"10.3138/cras-2022-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cras-2022-007","url":null,"abstract":"Evangelical Protestantism helped frame the thinking of many Populist Party members in Virginia, providing them with a prophetic voice that criticized the political and economic status- quo, while also furnishing a traditional language that privileged rural custom and community. Rowland Berthoff once characterized American Populism as a “mixture of static peasant-Puritan-republican nostalgia and dynamic secular-millennial progressivism.” This article contends that Virginia Populists may best exemplify that peculiar hybrid.","PeriodicalId":53953,"journal":{"name":"CANADIAN REVIEW OF AMERICAN STUDIES","volume":" ","pages":"-"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48416387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colonial Archives in Austin Clarke's The Polished Hoe: In and on the Body of Mary-Mathilda","authors":"M. Kosma","doi":"10.3138/cras.2021-006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cras.2021-006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article explores narratives of sexual violence, commodification, and objectification of the Black female body in the patriarchal context through the intersectionality of the vectors of race, class, and gender. The notion of performativity is central to this context. This article addresses the way that, in Austin Clarke's novel The Polished Hoe, Mary-Mathilda assumes radical agency by resisting sexual victimization and reaches a complex understanding of the self by occupying various subject positions simultaneously: that of the field labourer, of the mother, of the mistress, of the sex worker, and of the murderer. A lot of emphasis has been placed on the dialectic of trauma inflicted on the Caribbean community, but little attention has been given to the attainment of Black female radical agency. I explore the question of positionality within the structure of a power hierarchy in a specific geographical space through phenomenology. This theory will shed light on the complexity of sexual relations in that system. Mary-Mathilda is a liminal subject whose transition to agency is marked by the spatiality of the plantation and by the temporality of the night. I argue that she falls into a third identitarian space. This new space is a discursive formation that functions as a locus where multiple subjectivities exist and where the subject can exist in its most authentic form in a cross-cultural framework similar to the one outlined by Paul Gilroy in The Black Atlantic. By employing the term \"third identitarian space,\" I provide a fresh outlook in relation to the spatial dimension of the work of Frantz Fanon. The existence of a third identitarian space signals the existence of a third space of thinking, a way of thinking that deviates from the dialectical thought of postcolonial theorists who recognize this space only in relation to the transatlantic slave trade and colonialism. Ultimately, through her final act of mutilating Bellfeels, Mary-Mathilda rewrites the fabric of patriarchy.Résumé:Le présent article examine des récits de violences sexuelles infligées à la femme noire, ainsi que la réification de son corps et sa réduction au rang d'objets dans le contexte patriarcal à travers l'interaction entre la race, la classe et le genre. La notion de performativité occupe une place centrale dans ce contexte. Cet article traite de la façon dont Mary-Mathilda, le personnage principal du roman The Polished Hoe d'Austin Clarke, exerce une agentivité radicale en résistant à la victimisation sexuelle et parvient à une compréhension complexe de soi en exerçant simultanément plusieurs fonctions, en particulier celle de travailleuse des plantations, de mère, de maîtresse, de travailleuse du sexe et de meurtrière. Jusqu'à maintenant, l'accent a été beaucoup mis sur la dialectique des traumatismes infligés à la communauté caribéenne ; cependant peu d'attention a été accordée à la réalisation par les femmes noires d'une agentivité radicale. S'appuyant sur ","PeriodicalId":53953,"journal":{"name":"CANADIAN REVIEW OF AMERICAN STUDIES","volume":"52 1","pages":"53 - 65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47968335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jane Gray's Framing of Asa Gray through Autobiography, Biography, and Correspondence","authors":"J. Hart","doi":"10.3138/cras.2021-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cras.2021-005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Jane Loring Gray, wife of celebrated and renowned Harvard botanist Asa Gray, helped to build up the work and the posthumous reputation of her husband as a leading scientist, an advocate of Charles Darwin, and a popular proponent of science in the nineteenth-century United States. Jane left Asa the scientist for others and wanted to create a portrait of Asa the person. This article discusses the Grays' partnership in science, places that relationship in context, and stresses the contribution Jane made to Asa's legacy, including the way she framed her husband's work and reputation after his death. The emphasis is on the literary, historical, cultural, biographical, and autobiographical dimensions of the Grays' work, on the implications that work has for botany and science, and on the challenges that Jane Gray had owing to her gender, to family and social roles, and in the face of delicate health.Résumé:Jane Loring Gray, l'épouse du célèbre botaniste Asa Gray de l'Université d'Harvard, a contribué à bâtir l'œuvre et la réputation posthume de son mari en tant que scientifique de premier plan, fervent supporter de Charles Darwin et défenseur reconnu de la science dans les États-Unis du XIXe siècle. Jane a laissé à d'autres le soin de parler du scientifique, Asa, et a voulu dresser un portrait d'Asa en tant que personne. Le présent article, qui traite du partenariat scientifique des Gray, situe cette relation dans son contexte et souligne la contribution de Jane à l'héritage d'Asa, notamment la façon dont elle a encadré le travail et la réputation de son époux après sa mort. L'accent est mis sur les dimensions littéraire, historique, culturelle, biographique et autobiographique de l'œuvre des Gray, l'incidence de cette œuvre sur la botanique et la science, ainsi que les défis que cette femme a dû relever en raison de son sexe, de ses rôles familiaux et sociaux, et ce, avec une santé fragile.","PeriodicalId":53953,"journal":{"name":"CANADIAN REVIEW OF AMERICAN STUDIES","volume":"52 1","pages":"66 - 82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46669937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jennifer Haley’s The Nether: Transhumanism in the Post-Internet World","authors":"Yasser Fouad Selim","doi":"10.3138/cras-2022-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cras-2022-002","url":null,"abstract":"The Nether is a science fiction play written by American playwright Jennifer Haley. The play dramatizes a techno-futuristic image of life as humans become increasingly immersed in the virtual world after the Internet transforms into a technologically advanced sphere called the Nether. This article proposes that The Nether confuses what it means to be real in a world obsessed with digitization and contributes to the transhumanist discourse regarding the ethical and moral ramifications of transcending the human condition in a post-Internet environment. The article also investigates Haley’s utilization of realistic virtuality to perform the transhuman on stage.","PeriodicalId":53953,"journal":{"name":"CANADIAN REVIEW OF AMERICAN STUDIES","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46756589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detecting Meaninglessness and Meaning in Don DeLillo’s Players","authors":"Rhys William Tyers","doi":"10.3138/cras-2022-006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cras-2022-006","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses Don DeLillo's Players as a critique of the media and the extent to which our lives are shaped and influenced by our interaction with the detective and thriller genres. Drawing upon Baudrillard’s definition of the hyperreal and Jameson’s understanding of postmodernity, I explore the novel's depiction of Lyle and Pammy Wynant’s journey as a reaction against the controlling nature of the media, and the couple's experience of the world through the detective and thriller genres. I argue that DeLillo’s Players provides penetrating insights into the extent to which our postmodern cultural moment is deadly to the individual. I suggest that the defining features of the novel’s characters are their subjection to the anonymizing processes of the media and their sense of dissatisfaction and yearning for escape and adventure.","PeriodicalId":53953,"journal":{"name":"CANADIAN REVIEW OF AMERICAN STUDIES","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43657392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Borders and Betrayal in Zora Neale Hurston’s Barracoon : Rethinking Truths and Facts in the American Slave Narrative","authors":"Nahum Welang","doi":"10.3138/cras-2022-003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cras-2022-003","url":null,"abstract":"Due to skepticism about authenticity, facts became a central trope in the American slave-narrative genre. Authors bolstered their credibility by emphasizing factual details about the barbarity of enslavement on Southern plantations. Based on interviews conducted with Cudjo Lewis, believed to be the last known surviving African slave in America, Zora Neale Hurston’s posthumously published Barracoon expands the slave narrative’s borders by unpacking the ramifications of transnational betrayal. Lewis’s harrowing memory of the African culprits who captured and sold him to white slave traders complicates the slave narrative’s adherence to facts. Although the transatlantic slave trade, created and operated by Europeans and Americans, was a greater evil than the slave-trading practices carried out by Africans, Lewis’s betrayal by his own African neighbours reveals an existential trauma often ignored by the facts of slave narratives. Barracoon is Hurston as her most subversive, choosing to explore the unresolved complications of a truthful lived experience instead of the clarifying comfort of contained facts.","PeriodicalId":53953,"journal":{"name":"CANADIAN REVIEW OF AMERICAN STUDIES","volume":" ","pages":"-"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45449137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pornoculture et fétichisme : œuvres d'art mutilées. Un imaginaire de la chair entre photographie, cinéma, série télévisée et réseaux sociaux","authors":"Claudia Attimonelli","doi":"10.3138/cras-2021-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cras-2021-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Résumé:L'article décrit et interprète le processus médiologique qui a conduit la pornographie traditionnelle et son esthétique vers les formes de normalisation qui les caractérisent de nos jours. Ce phénomène est étudié à partir d'un corpus de documents iconographiques appartenant au langage photographique, cinématographique et numérique, en adoptant une perspective basée sur la culture visuelle et la sociosémiotique. Le paradigme proposé est observé à partir de l'évolution de l'esthétique fétichiste qui, des images représentant la tragédie de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, conduit à la « pornoculture » actuelle. Les paragraphes traitent de scénarios hétérogènes d'un point de vue médiologique, en montrant que c'est précisément la convergence des médias du XXe siècle qui a permis une pornification du quotidien et l'édulcoration correspondante du porno maintenant largement diffusé sur le Web. De Vidéodrome à Black Mirror et aux vidéos musicales, des poupées de Hans Bellmer à la cinématographie underground de Richard Kern, jusqu'aux fils scatologiques de la partie la plus sombre du Web et leur côté artistique dans l'étude de cas de Rupi Kaur en 2015, le processus d'esthétisation du porno sera mis en évidence en avançant des interprétations visant à approfondir la complexité qui caractérise les exemples les plus récents des réseaux sociaux : Instagram, TikTok, Tumblr.Abstract:This article describes and interprets the media process that led traditional pornography and its aesthetics to the normalization formats that define it today. The phenomenon is studied through the lens of iconographic documentation from the photographic, cinematographic, and digital realms, using a visual culture- and socio-semiotic-based perspective. The suggested paradigm is observed through fetishist aesthetics that leads, from images representing World War'Is tragedy, to the current \"porn culture.\" Article sections detail heterogenous scenarios from a media perspective, showing how the twentieth-century convergence of media led to the pornification of daily life and the corresponding watering down of the porn now widely distributed on the web. From Videodrome to Black Mirror and music videos, from Hans Bellmer dolls to the underground cinematography of Richard Kern, all the way to the scatological veins of the darkest part of the web and their artistic facet seen in the 2015 case study by Rupi Kaur, the aestheticization process of porn will be highlighted by suggesting interpretations to understand more deeply the complexity that characterizes the most recent examples of social media: Instagram, Tik Tok, Tumblr.","PeriodicalId":53953,"journal":{"name":"CANADIAN REVIEW OF AMERICAN STUDIES","volume":"52 1","pages":"281 - 299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43166292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cities and Ruin in American Studies","authors":"Mark Brians","doi":"10.3138/cras-2022-004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cras-2022-004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:There is a reflexive relationship between the image of the city and its ruination in American literature and culture. The city orders the way in which we conceive of the democratic experience, and its ruin exposes the problems inherent in that urban order. Far from being set up as an oppositional pair, the concept of \"cities and ruins\" instigates a semantic dance of interrelated meanings that informs our civic participation and our modes of passing into the future. This essay reviews three texts, recently published, that explore the renewed emphasis in American studies on the role of the city in literature and culture and the processes of its ruin: The City in American Literature and Culture, edited by Kevin McNamara, Miles Orvell's Empire of Ruins: American Culture, Photography, and the Spectacle of Destruction, and Andrew F. Wood's A Rhetoric of Ruins: Exploring Landscapes of Abandoned Modernity.Résumé:Il existe une relation réflexive entre l'image de la ville et ses ruines dans la littérature et la culture américaines. La ville ordonne la manière dont nous concevons l'expérience démocratique, et ses ruines exposent les problèmes inhérents à cet ordre urbain. Loin de s'ériger en une paire fondée sur une relation d'opposition, le concept de « villes et ruines » est à l'origine d'une danse sémantique de significations interdépendantes qui éclaire notre participation civique et nos modes de passage vers l'avenir. Le présent article analyse trois textes, publiés récemment, qui examinent le regain d'intérêt des études américaines pour le rôle de la ville dans la littérature et la culture, ainsi que les processus de sa ruine. Il s'agit de : The City in American Literature and Culture de Kevin McNamara, Empire of Ruins : American Culture, Photography, and the Spectacle of Destruction de Miles Orvell, et A Rhetoric of Ruins: Exploring Landscapes of Abandoned Modernity d'Andrew F. Wood.","PeriodicalId":53953,"journal":{"name":"CANADIAN REVIEW OF AMERICAN STUDIES","volume":"52 1","pages":"317 - 328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41337309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Practice of Everyday Death: On the Paratactical \"Life\" of Neo-liberal Biopolitics","authors":"S. J. Murray","doi":"10.3138/cras-2021-017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cras-2021-017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:As a critical counter-reading of Michel de Certeau's classic text, The Practice of Everyday Life, this essay argues that today, in the age of neo-liberal biopolitics, it is death that is quotidian. While \"life\" itself now figures as the paratactical and memetic ruse of our dominant order, the essay problematizes conventional forms of tactical resistance, claiming that resistance is often complicitous and has been co-opted in advance. It is death that must henceforth inform our struggles to make (a) life in the ruins. Examples of racialized deaths suggest a rhetorical agency, and a rallying cry, for political protest and resistance beyond the tactics of a progressive embourgeoisement.Résumé:En tant que contre-lecture critique du texte classique de Michel de Certeau, Arts de faire, le présent article soutient que de nos jours, à l'ère de la biopolitique néo-libérale, c'est la mort qui est quotidienne. Alors que la « vie » elle-même apparaît désormais comme la ruse paratactique et mémétique de notre ordre dominant, cette étude problématise les formes conventionnelles de résistance tactique et affirme que la résistance est souvent complice et qu'elle a été cooptée à l'avance. C'est la mort qui doit dorénavant éclairer nos luttes pour faire (une) vie dans les ruines. Des exemples de morts racialisées suggèrent une agentivité rhétorique et un cri de ralliement en vue d'une protestation et d'une résistance politiques au-delà des tactiques d'un embourgeoisement progressiste.","PeriodicalId":53953,"journal":{"name":"CANADIAN REVIEW OF AMERICAN STUDIES","volume":"52 1","pages":"262 - 280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47914025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}