Annals Abbasi Shaheed Hospital & Karachi Medical & Dental College最新文献

{"title":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea- A Comprehensive Review of Risk Factors, Pathogenesis and Management","authors":"Noura S. Alshahrani, Monerah Mohammed Ayed Alqahtani, Ghada Hassan Abdullah Alshahrani, M. Kamran","doi":"10.58397/ashkmdc.v26i3.443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58397/ashkmdc.v26i3.443","url":null,"abstract":"Sleep is a blessing to humans. Good quality of sleep helps people to live and enjoy their lives. Obstructive sleep apnea is a common sleep disorder accompanied by the onset of sleep, apnea or hypopnea , choking sensation and loud snoring. Chronic obstructive sleep apnea may leads to systemic side effects especially on cardiovascular system and other vital body organs. Although exact etiology is unknown, various factors may contribute to the development of obstructive sleep apnea. The diagnosis is made by multiple methods. treatment is also multimodality depends on the type and severity. This review article is written in order to provide an insight to the risk factors, pathogenesis, and management of obstructive sleep apnea. Especial emphasis is made on the dentist's role, duties, and responsibilities in the diagnosis and management of obstructive sleep apnea.","PeriodicalId":53838,"journal":{"name":"Annals Abbasi Shaheed Hospital & Karachi Medical & Dental College","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79362005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IAA, GAD65 AND IA2 Antibodies In Type 1 Children and Adolescents","authors":"Dr Yasir Naqi Khan, Dr Muhammad Ashfaq, Dr Bader-u-Nisa, Dr Mehrunnisa Yasir, Dr Hira Waseem, M. A. Kanpurwala","doi":"10.58397/ashkmdc.v26i3.474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58397/ashkmdc.v26i3.474","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complicated, prolonged metabolic disorder that leads to hyperglycemia and it occurrs due to complete deficiency of insulin with or with insulin resistance. The most common type of DM in children and adolescents is Type-1 DM (T1DM). The aim of this study was to determine the associations of IAA, GAD65 and IA-2A antibodies in type 1 diabetes mellitus with age, gender and duration of disease. \u0000Methodology: This was a retrospective study conducted in the NICH hospital at the department of endocrinology and diabetes by using non probability consecutive sampling technique, after taking ethical approval. The duration of the study was one year. A total of 143 patients with clinically diagnosed type 1 diabetes ( ?1 year to ?20 years of age, regardless of the duration of the disease) were selected for the study. All study subjects were investigated for pancreatic autoimmune markers (GAD65, IA-2A, IAAs). Pearson’s Chi square test was applied to evaluate the association. \u0000Results: A total of 143 children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes were enrolled for this study wherein 71(49.7%) were males and 72(50.3%) were females. Regarding the distribution of positivity of autoantibodies, 27(18.9%) had AntiInsulin IgG, 63(44.1%) had GAD65, 47(32.9%) had IA-2A and only 5(3.5%) had grey zone. There was a significant association was reported (p<0.001) in duration of diabetes and with IAA. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant association with  (p=0.003) duration of diabetes and frequency of IA-2A. \u0000Conclusion: This study concluded that presence of autoantibodies such as insulinoma-associated antigen-2 autoantibodies, Insulin autoantibodies and glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 were found to be predominant in males than females although it was not significantly associated with age and gender. Additionally, presence of insulinoma-associated antigen-2 autoantibodies, Insulin autoantibodies significantly associated with the duration of disease.","PeriodicalId":53838,"journal":{"name":"Annals Abbasi Shaheed Hospital & Karachi Medical & Dental College","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82351635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality Of Life Satisfaction Among Caregivers Of Schizophrenic Patients","authors":"R. Usman, Anum Haider, Z. Ramzan, Shafieh Mansoori","doi":"10.58397/ashkmdc.v26i2.466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58397/ashkmdc.v26i2.466","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study is aimed to determine the Quality of Life (QOL) satisfaction among caregivers of schizophrenic patients attending Outpatient department of Psychiatry, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi Medical and Dental College.Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 caregivers of Schizophrenic patients from November 2015 to March 2016 attending out patient department of Psychiatry, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Pakistan. The Caregivers were intimate family members who had spent their significant time (at least 2 years) with the schizophrenia patients. The self administered WHO QOL-BREF (validated Urdu version) scale which has 26 items, was used to measure the Quality of Life (QOL). Quality of life Satisfaction was labeled as positive if QOL score was >75% of the total score.Result: Out of 150 patients, the mean age of the caregivers was 45.36 ± 3.85 years. Most of the caregivers 95 (63.3%) were males and had care giving role of father 49 (32.6%). Most of them were unsatisfied of their QOL, 81 (54%). While only 69 (46%)of the caregivers were satisfied with their QOL. Their QOLwasfound to be significantly associated with age of the patient (p-value <0.00 1) and caregiver (p-value <0.002), employment status (p-value 0.040), monthly family income (p-value <0.001), presence of physical illness of caregiver (p-value <0.001) and his/her relationship with the patient (p-value 0.048).Conclusion: Majority of caregivers of Schizophrenia patients were not satisfied with their Quality of Life. However, there are certain sociodemographic factors such as the age of patient and caregiver, employment and economic status, relationship with the patient and presence of physical illness of caregiver which were found to affect their satisfaction with QOL. Hence focusing those factors in the management plan may improve caregiver's satisfaction level.","PeriodicalId":53838,"journal":{"name":"Annals Abbasi Shaheed Hospital & Karachi Medical & Dental College","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82864236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Oral Health Behaviour & Self Practice among Hazrat Bari Sarkar Medical & Dental Students using the Hiroshima University - Dental Behavioural Inventory (HU - DBI)","authors":"Dr. Ahmad Usman Yusuf, Qurat-ul-ain, Shazia Iqbal, Mudassir Hussian, F. Butt, Syed Tariq, Ali Adnan","doi":"10.58397/ashkmdc.v26i2.462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58397/ashkmdc.v26i2.462","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To assess oral health behaviour & self-practice among HBS undergraduate medical & dental students in Islamabad, Pakistan & to evaluate the variations in oral health behaviour & self-practice based on age, gender, academic program (MBBS/BDS) & education year.Methods: Hiroshima University Dental Behaviour Inventory (HU-DBI) questionnaire in English version consisting of 20 dichotomous responses (Agree/Disagree) was self-administered among 300 undergraduate medical & dental students of HBS Medical & Dental College in Islamabad. Three hundred medical and dental students were selected by convenience sampling. This cross-sectional study was conducted in the month of October 2019 & 38 questionnaire forms were excluded from the study which was incomplete & data was analysed on 262 (51 from dental & 211 from medical students) student's responses using SPSS Version 24 and statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.Results: The mean age of students who participated in the study was 21.26 ± 1.90 years with a total number of 109 males & 153 females. A significantly higher HU-DBI score was observed among students from higher years of education only (p-value of 0.015). The majority of students (80.1%) brush their teeth daily. About 64.5% of students mentioned that they use toothbrushes & 15.6% used miswak on daily basis for cleaning their teeth. About 88.6% of students did not use mouthwash & toothpicks regularly.Conclusion: It can be concluded from the results that students belonging to higher years of education showed improved oral health behaviour and attitude as compared to the early years of education. Overall health behaviour observed was adequate.","PeriodicalId":53838,"journal":{"name":"Annals Abbasi Shaheed Hospital & Karachi Medical & Dental College","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90490904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ginseng Holds Promise Against Obesity","authors":"Rabia Rehan, Mahrukh Kamran, A. Haq, Sahar Mubeen, Maria Khan, Hira","doi":"10.58397/ashkmdc.v26i2.463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58397/ashkmdc.v26i2.463","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To determine the effects of ginseng on obese albino rats.Methods: This study was intended to correlate the role of ginseng in reducing body weight, liver weight and size as well as fatty accumulation in hepatocytes of male albino rats weighing between 110g to 140g. This experiment was designed to study the morbid anatomy of an animal model. It was conducted in Animal house of Dow University of Health Sciences. Fifty male Albino Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups. Group1 (Gp 1) was on normal balanced diet (control), Group 2 (Gp 2) was on high fat diet (HFD), Group 3 (Gp 3) on HFD plus ginsenoside 100 mg/kg body wt., Group 4 (Gp 4) on HFD plus ginsenoside 200mg/kg body wt., and Group 5 (Gp 5) on HFD plus 400mg/kg body.Results: Weight was increased to 146 g (Gp1) and 236g (Gp 2). Group 3 reduced weight from 236g to 211g. Group 4 to 192g and Group 5 to 171g. Liver weight is also increased by HFD from 4.7g (Gp1) to 9.3 g (Gp 2). Liver weight decreased from 9.3g to 7.2g (Gp 3), 7.6 g (Gp 4) and 5.3 g (Gp 5). Due to deposition of fat in liver, cells enlarged and number of hepatocytes decreased per unit area of reticule. Number of hepatocytes in group 1 was 78.5, in group 2 WAS 38.3, in group 3 was 47.4, in group 4 was 53.8 andin group 5 was 67.7. Random blood sugar (RBS) was altered to 74.3 mg/dl in Gp1, 148 mg/dl in Gp2, 91 mg/dl in Gp3, 92 mg/dl in Gp4 and 69 mg/dl in Gp5.Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that HFD is a major cause of obesity and it should be prevented by introducing ginseng as an anti-obesity in our life. This study concluded that ginseng root extract proves to be more potent as anti-obesity, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-hyperglycemic and anti-oxidant.","PeriodicalId":53838,"journal":{"name":"Annals Abbasi Shaheed Hospital & Karachi Medical & Dental College","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76783966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Never Waste a Good Crisis' (Machiavelli)","authors":"Shama Mashhood","doi":"10.58397/ashkmdc.v26i2.461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58397/ashkmdc.v26i2.461","url":null,"abstract":"Impact of pandemic COVID 19 affected the whole world especially the educational institutions suffered a lot1. UNESCO has reported that 'more than 1.5 billion students and youth across the planet are or have been affected by school and university closures due to the COVID-19 pandemic'2. The crises have highlighted the fragility of the educational system1. The crisis creates not only challenges but opportunities and innovations as well. The whole world has learnt different lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic. To manage the educational crisis contingency plan should be designed with smart objectives, develop a system of evaluation,remain in continuous communication with internal and external stakeholders by quick response feedback and set timelines. This will help out in the early detection of loopholes and resolution of issues.","PeriodicalId":53838,"journal":{"name":"Annals Abbasi Shaheed Hospital & Karachi Medical & Dental College","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85424349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse Effects of HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitor and Garlic on Renal Function in Patients with Diabetic Dyslipidemia","authors":"N. Siddiqui, Imran Ishaque, Yousra Rahat, N. Akhtar, Umaya Tehreem, Rafia Javed, R. Ali","doi":"10.58397/ashkmdc.v26i2.473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58397/ashkmdc.v26i2.473","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To analyze the adverse effects of HMG CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) and garlic (Allium sativum) on renal function in diabetic dyslipidemic patients.Methods: This clinical trial was conducted at Surgeon Munawar Memorial Hospital, Karachi from 1st March 2019 to 30th August 2019. Total of 60 patients of 30-70 years of age with abnormal lipid profile were enrolled for this study after a written consent. The study was conducted to assess the side effects of statin (20 mg/day) and garlic (300 mg/day) in diabetic dyslipidemia patients. The study period consisted of six months. Blood pressure, body weight and height of subjects were assessed. The patient answered the questionnaire on health complaints, smoking, social role, drug usage, family history and dietary pattern. The initial inclusion criteria of the patient were 1) Age between 30-70 years old of either sex, 2) Patients with diabetic dyslipidemia. The exclusion criteria were 1) Pregnancy or lactation, 2) Patients with liver diseases, 3) Patients with renal diseases. Detailed medical history and physical examination of all patients were carried out.Results: This study included 60 patients with an abnormal lipid profile of age 30-70 years. Internationalstatin product (20 mg/day) and local garlic product (300 mg/day) for 08 weeks were used for oral administration in patients. Urea and creatinine levels in the serum of diabetic dyslipidemic patients were measured before and after treatment with an international statin (20 mg/day) and a local garlic product (300 mg/day). \u0000Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, statins increase the serum level of urea and creatinine while garlic has no effect on urea and creatinine serum level.","PeriodicalId":53838,"journal":{"name":"Annals Abbasi Shaheed Hospital & Karachi Medical & Dental College","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84052196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lateral Sphincterotomy Under Local Anaesthesia; A Safe and Time- Efficient Alternative Without Compromising Patient Satisfaction","authors":"S. A. Haider, M. Owais, S. Abbas, Saeed Ahmed, A. Rajput, K. Ahmed","doi":"10.58397/ashkmdc.v26i2.465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58397/ashkmdc.v26i2.465","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of this study was to find out whether Lateral Internal Sphincterotomy (LIS) can be carried out using Local Anaesthesia (LA) hence, lowering down the cost and anaesthesia related complications in patients without compromising operative easiness or final result.Methods: One hundred patients who were diagnosed clinically as anal fissure patients and were scheduled for LIS were randomly distributed into two treatment arms. Non-probability consecutive sampling approach was employed. In the first group, LIS was carried out using LA while in the second group LIS was performed in spinal anaesthesia (SA). Age, gender, BMI, procedure time, post-operative complications like pain, post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV), bleeding, headache, incontinence, urinary retention and patient satisfaction were the main outcome variables which were studied.Results: Out of 100 patients who were treated with LIS, 50 of these patients had SA whereas, the rests of the 50 patients were given LA. We found no statistically significant difference in the post-operative pain, PONV, bleeding, incontinence, and overall patient satisfaction but duration of surgery and post-operative complications like headache and retention of urine were considerably less in the LA group. The difference between the two groups dictated that LIS under local anaesthesia (Group A) took 13.46 minutes (SEM 0.808) lesser than Group B which was statistically significant. But the Mean postoperative pain scores of patients in both groups were not significantly different on statistical analysis nor pain scores at 12 hours from surgery and 24 hours from surgery separately i-e 'p-value>0.05'Conclusions: LIS under LA is less time-intensive, safe and has a comparable patient satisfaction rate to SA. Besides, the advantage of significant cost benefit, duration of surgery, exemption of the requirement of an anaesthetist, and less post-operative headache and PONV, LA also shows no noteworthy difference in the post-operative complications in comparison with SA.","PeriodicalId":53838,"journal":{"name":"Annals Abbasi Shaheed Hospital & Karachi Medical & Dental College","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90170039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Risk Factors for Thyroid Hormone Imbalance","authors":"S. Sadeeqa, Amna Zaka, I. Arif, M. Nasir, Pakiza Bint Zakreya, F. Amin","doi":"10.58397/ashkmdc.v26i2.469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58397/ashkmdc.v26i2.469","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed to assess the frequency of thyroid hormone imbalance risk factors. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using the convenience sampling technique, from July-2018 to September-2018 in different cities of Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 150 patients, having thyroid hormone imbalance with or without any comorbidity were included and the subjects having normal thyroid levels were excluded. Thyroid hormone imbalance was more frequent in females having 40-60 years of age. Gender was significantly associated with 'pregnancy or delivery in last six months' (p=0.029) and iodine deficiency (p=0.036). Marital status was significantly associated with 'symptoms observed' (p=0.009), 'radioactive iodine exposure' (p=0.001), 'autoimmune disease' (p=0.050), 'smoking' (p=0.014) and 'stress' (p=0.040). Family income was significantly associated with 'family history of disease' (p=0.039) and 'iodine deficiency' (p=0.049). Residential area was significantly associated with 'autoimmune disease' (p=0.050), 'smoking' (p=0.036) and 'stress' (p=0.029). Use of iodized salt and stress were prevalent risk factors and disease was common among females, especially age group 40-60 years.","PeriodicalId":53838,"journal":{"name":"Annals Abbasi Shaheed Hospital & Karachi Medical & Dental College","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73783100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthcare Waste: An Overview from Generation to Disposal","authors":"S. Naz, Syed Muhammad Zulfiqar Hyder Naqvi, Saima Asim","doi":"10.58397/ashkmdc.v26i2.471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58397/ashkmdc.v26i2.471","url":null,"abstract":"Madam, waste resulting from healthcare activities consists of a diversity of substances like used syringes, soiled dressings, diagnostic samples, biochemicalsubstances, pharmaceutical products, medical devices, radioactive materials, and body parts1","PeriodicalId":53838,"journal":{"name":"Annals Abbasi Shaheed Hospital & Karachi Medical & Dental College","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74653694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}