Engineering Technologies and Systems最新文献

{"title":"Counterfactual Analysis of the Efficiency of Decontamination of Livestock Production Organic Wastes","authors":"Yakov P. Lobachevsky, A.V. Shemyakin, N. Limarenko, I. Uspensky, I. Yukhin","doi":"10.15507/2658-4123.033.202304.466-489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.033.202304.466-489","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The implementation of the decree of the President of the Russian Federation is aimed at ensuring the food security of the country and requires the industrialization of the agro-industrial sector. The effectiveness of industrialization depends on the use of automated, intelligent solutions at all stages of implementing technological processes. Livestock is an agro-industrial sector generating the largest amount of organic waste materials, which are potential energy carriers: litter, liquid manure, process effluents, etc. According to the data from the Russian Statistics Committee and the research results, the annual volume of manure generated from farms is from 43.3 to 45.1 million tons, while there is an upward trend. The used energy potential from the entire volume does not exceed 40%. It is possible to increase the efficiency of using the energy potential of organic animal waste materials through implementing digitalized solutions. A strategic tool for the effective industrialization of livestock is the implementation of application software products that ensure the growth of ecological and energy effects. Aim of the Article. The aim of the study is a counterfactual evaluation of the efficiency of the model for decontaminating liquid pig manure in the decontamination activator. Materials and Methods. Counterfactual analysis is a tool for formalizing complex, multifactorial processes to ensure their subsequent digitalization. The essence of the analysis consists in a “surveyˮ of the analyzed model through which the values of variables are determined providing changes that lead to a deviation of the response beyond the boundary conditions during interpretation. The advantage of counterfactual analysis is the stability and transparency of the model to external influences during machine learning. It is known that the representative pathogenic markers of the decontamination efficiency of liquid pig manure are helminth eggs and the number of colony-forming units of common coliform bacteria (CFU CCB). However, for testing and implementing an algorithm for counterfactual analysis of a mathematical model, it is acceptable to use the number of CFU CCB. The object of the study was liquid pig manure with a humidity from 88% to 98%, the subject was a counterfactual analysis of the dependence of the number of CFU CCB on the exposure time in the activator, the concentration of active chlorine, the mass of working bodies, magnetic induction, and liquid manure humidity. Results. The results of counterfactual evaluation and analysis carried with the use of the Python programming language and the PyCharm 2022.2 environment are presented in the tables. The counterfactual evaluation made it possible to identify ranges of variation of factors, the use of which can represent the potential of boundary conditions in solving the optimization problem. The cells of these values are highlighted in grey-blue. The most preferred ranges based on counterfactual e","PeriodicalId":53796,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Technologies and Systems","volume":" 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139142453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio-Demographic Aspects of Migration and Their Impact on the Sustainability of the Development of Southern Russian Regions","authors":"O. Chernova","doi":"10.15507/2413-1407.125.031.202304.634-649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2413-1407.125.031.202304.634-649","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The relevance of the study is due to the significant role of population migration in ensuring regional development. At the same time, the economic consequences of migration are largely determined by the characteristics of migration flows. The purpose of this article is to determine the impact of socio-demographic features of migration flows in the southern Russian regions on the indicators of their sustainable development. Materials and Methods. Methods of descriptive statistics were used in the analysis of socio-demographic characteristics of migration flows. To test the hypothesis about the impact of socio-demographic characteristics of migration flows on the sustainability of regional development, a correlation analysis of panel data using Excel tools was used. The source of the information was the data of the Federal State Statistics Service for the regions of the Southern Federal District, traced in dynamics from 2002 to 2021. Results. It is established that migration processes in the southern Russian regions demonstrate both positive and negative effects on individual components of their sustainable development. The strength and direction of this impact is largely determined by the socio-demographic characteristics of migration flows. A strong positive relationship between migration indicators and economic and environmental indicators of sustainable development is demonstrated for almost all regions. The impact on the social sphere is ambivalent. At the same time, there is a rather strong influence of the gender characteristics of migration flows on the socio-ecological aspects of life. Discussion and Conclusion. Migration will contribute to increasing the sustainability of the development of regional economies only while simultaneously solving the tasks of creating jobs, improving social conditions and preserving the environment. The findings emphasize the need for regional authorities to take into account the socio-demographic structure of migration flows when developing strategies for socio-economic development and can be useful in conditions of increasing geopolitical instability.","PeriodicalId":53796,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Technologies and Systems","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139143153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Import Substitution and Parallel Imports in Various Regions of the World: Economic and Legal Analysis","authors":"Irina V. Emel’kina, Olga N. Fomina","doi":"10.15507/2413-1407.125.031.202304.650-664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2413-1407.125.031.202304.650-664","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Import substitution is one of the key tasks of Russian politics and the economy of recent decades, which determines the relevance of studying this concept in other regions of the world to create the prerequisites for its most effective integration in our country. Back in 2022, parallel imports in our country began to be legalized by implementing the international principle of exclusive rights exhaustion. The purpose of the work is to analyze various regional approaches to import substitution and parallel import. Materials and Methods. The object of the study is the institutions implementing the legal regulation of import substitution and parallel imports in the Latin American, East Asian, North American and African regions, in particular the institution of exclusive rights exhaustion to trademarks, compulsory licensing, etc. in doctrinal and historical aspects. In the course of the study, an analysis of key legal acts related to the registration of import substitution policy and the legalization of parallel imports in the most representative countries of various regions of the world was carried out. The doctrines and judicial practice of some foreign countries concerning import substitution, exclusive rights exhaustion, parallel imports and compulsory licensing were studied. Results. As a result of the analysis of the import substitution policy in various regions of the world, it was concluded that it is advisable to develop in our country our own most adequate way for introducing import-substituting practices, in particular, combining tariff and non-tariff methods of protectionist influence on the economy. The domestic concept of exclusive law is currently undergoing a stage of transformation from “pro-author” to a kind of “mixed”, giving it uniqueness and identity. The national principle is legislatively enshrined in Art. 1487 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, however, judicial and administrative, in particular customs practice, is already guided by the “pro-market” model, implementing the international principle of exhaustion, laid down in by-laws. Discussion and Conclusion. We consider it expedient to form at the level of the CIS countries and other friendly states the creation of international organizations with similar functions aimed at paternally regulating the economies of the participating countries and creating optimal conditions for the implementation of the import substitution policy. The data obtained by the authors may be of practical significance for representatives of the legal, economic, business community, practicing lawyers, teachers and entrepreneurs, as well as representatives of the lawmaking initiative.","PeriodicalId":53796,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Technologies and Systems","volume":" 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139143404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Development of LED Grow Light for Greenhouse Cultivation","authors":"Alexandr А. Kalabkin, Evgeniy A. Kuznetsov, Sergey N. Ivliyev, A. Ashryatov, Veniamin A. Kalabkin, Andrey S. Musatov","doi":"10.15507/2658-4123.033.202304.585-598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.033.202304.585-598","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Lighting is one of the key factors influencing the efficient greenhouse cultivation. In this context, LED grow lights are an innovative solution that allows users to precisely adjust the light parameters necessary for optimal photosynthetic processes. Aim of the Article. The aim of the work is developing and testing the LED grow light with optimal spectrum and light intensity to ensure efficient growth, development and photosynthesis of plants in greenhouses. Materials and Methods. The LED grow light was developed in accordance with the regulatory standards that define the basic requirements in light technology for plant growth: GOST R 57671-2017 and GOST R 58461-2019. There is presented the sequence of development stages, according to which this grow light was developed. Results. As the light source, there was chosen the Full Spectrum-1 LED (China) with two prominent emission peaks at 440 nm and 642 nm. For the grow light, a spotlight housing was selected to direct light precisely onto the plants, thereby ensuring maximum efficiency of photosynthesis and growth. The analysis of ray tracing results in TracePro showed that the LED grow light model has a light distribution close to the cosine type. The radiant flux of emission was 4.14 watts, and the photosynthetic photon flux was 16.6 μmol/s. Discussion and Conclusion. The developed LED grow light has a photosynthetic photon flux of 16.2 μmol/s at a power consumption of 8.8 watts. The photosynthetic efficiency of the grow light was 1.84 μmol/J. Thus, this grow light can be used for the efficient greenhouse cultivation, providing optimal lighting conditions and contributing to increased crop yield and the quality of agricultural crops.","PeriodicalId":53796,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Technologies and Systems","volume":"4 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139147284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Muslim Values in the Perception of Modern Tatar Youth: A Regional Aspect","authors":"M. Y. Bareev","doi":"10.15507/2413-1407.125.031.202304.720-732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2413-1407.125.031.202304.720-732","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The relevance of the study is due to the small study of the influence of religious norms and values on the daily life of society. The process of spiritual integration while preserving the national socio-cultural identity of the Tatars actualized religious values in the mass consciousness. The approval of which determines the appeal to the traditional Muslim values for the Tatar population of the Republic of Mordovia. The purpose of the article is to determine the level and nature of the perception of Muslim values by the modern Tatar youth of the Republic of Mordovia based on the results of the study. Materials and Methods. The article is based on the sociological study “Traditional Muslim values in the perception of modern Tatar youth” conducted by the author in October 2022. 100 people took part in the questionnaire survey. This method allowed to reproduce with high reliability the “micro-model” of the general population on the basis of pre-selected quotas reflecting socio-demographic characteristics of the object. Results. A sufficiently high level of perception of Muslim values by modern Tatar youth has been revealed, in particular norms and values related to premarital and marital behavior, restrictions in nutrition and the manner of dressing, the fulfillment of other religious prescriptions, at the same time such value aspects as charity (helping one’s neighbor), the distribution of intra-family social roles in accordance with Sharia norms, they are very contradictory in nature, and generally do not find a high level of perception. Discussion and Conclusion. The study showed that religion has a very significant impact on many aspects of the life of young Tatars. The data we have obtained will be useful to scholars researching religious practices as well as to teachers of Muslim religious and educational institutions.","PeriodicalId":53796,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Technologies and Systems","volume":" 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139142029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creative Strategies for the Development of Modern Cities: Features, Essence of the Concept and Approaches to their Understanding","authors":"Elena A. Panina, A. Leontyeva, E. S. Franchenko","doi":"10.15507/2413-1407.125.031.202304.770-787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2413-1407.125.031.202304.770-787","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Creative strategies are strategies for activating the development of urban agglomeration, built on innovative projects, usually with an emphasis on the active development of local culture, the preservation of historical heritage and experience, the development of the uniqueness of the agglomeration, and may also include the ideas of a “smart city”. In agglomerations, creative strategies are implemented according to different scenarios, since urban spaces have different cultural and infrastructural contexts. The purpose of this article is to analyze approaches to understanding creative strategies in urban planning and urban space management; to consider the experience of a number of creative cities of the Russian Federation, including the city of Krasnodar, which will allow developing a number of measures within the framework of creative strategy as the most universal and promising approach to urban creativity. Materials and Methods. The presented research is based on the results of the works of authors studying various aspects and approaches to the development and use of creative strategies within the urban environment, engaged in the search for promising universal strategies that contribute to the development of the potential of the cultural, social, economic sphere of the creative city. Diagnostics of the state of the urban cultural environment, assessment of the creative activity of the largest Russian cities, identification of threats and justification of priorities for the development of the urban creative environment are based on the use of retrospective analysis, comparison, synthesis, analogy, generalization. Results. The features of modern creative strategies based on the concept of new urbanism are identified and analyzed. A comparative characteristic of the indices of creativity of urban spaces is given, the problems of their use are analyzed. The experience of creating and implementing projects of creative urban space of Russian cities is analyzed. A comprehensive analysis of internal and external factors, significant challenges and significant threats to the active development of the creative sphere of the city of Krasnodar has been carried out, which makes it possible to develop a number of measures within the framework of the creative strategy as the most promising approach to urban creativity. Discussion and Conclusion. The study allowed us to identify approaches to understanding creative strategies based on innovative ideas, a creative approach to solving problems with an emphasis on the development of art, local culture, preservation of historical heritage and the uniqueness of urban spaces. The conclusions and suggestions of this study can be used as a universal matrix for the development of activities within the framework of a creative strategy for the development of modern urban space.","PeriodicalId":53796,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Technologies and Systems","volume":" 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139143239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Fuzzy and Clear Mathematical Models in Hybrid Control of the Process of Single-Stage Mincing of Frozen Meat","authors":"Boris R. Kapovskiy, V. Pchelkina, A. Dydykin","doi":"10.15507/2658-4123.033.202304.558-584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.033.202304.558-584","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. During one-stage mincing of frozen meat by milling, a change in the temperature of the boundary layer occurs resulting in plastic deformations of the raw meat and an increase in the size of the meat chips. The problem of regulating the operating parameters for the raw meat mincing process depending on its temperature can be solved through computer calculations of the temperature forecast of the meat boundary layer for several time intervals using fuzzy logic. The aim of the study was to develop an algorithm for hybrid control of single-stage mincing of frozen meat using fuzzy and clear mathematical control models. Aim of the Article. The article is aimed at developing a hybrid control algorithm for singlestage grinding of frozen meat using fuzzy and clear mathematical control models. Materials and Methods. The object of the study was the process of mincing frozen meat block (beef) with the use of a laboratory installation for a single-stage mincing with a capacity of 400 kg/hour. The E. Mamdani algorithm was used to develop a fuzzy mathematical control model. Mathematical modeling was carried out in the MATLAB, the Fuzzy Logic Toolbox package. Results. There was developed a model for fuzzy control of the operation of an intelligent control system (ICS) when forming a task for setting the operating parameters of the meat mincing process with the use of adaptive forecasting of meat temperature. For this model, the membership functions of the input and output variables and a rule base (knowledge base) were created. There was proposed a functional scheme of temperature control, which reflects the structure of a fuzzy control model for single-stage mincing. The advantages of this control include the fact that the system is given the function of continuous automated control of the temperature regime of mincing raw meat under the control of an industrial computer. Discussion and Conclusion. The results of temperature control can be used for further technological processing of meat. Using information about the temperature and chemical composition of raw meat, the ICS can realize the optimal mixing of minced meat ingredients. Artificial intelligence calculates all these characteristics of meat without the participation of a human operator. It makes it possible to fully automate the technological processing of meat in order to produce finished products of guaranteed high quality.","PeriodicalId":53796,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Technologies and Systems","volume":"49 s171","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139146000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Migration Management in the Western Balkan Region: The Case of Bosnia and Herzegovina","authors":"S. Gorokhov, M. Agafoshin, Ruslan V. Dmitriev","doi":"10.15507/2413-1407.125.031.202304.618-633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2413-1407.125.031.202304.618-633","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. For centuries, the Western Balkan region has been actively involved in international migration processes, mainly generating flows of migrants to other states. The European migration crisis has led to the region has become one of the main hub of transit migration from Asia and Africa to the European Union states. The European Union – a global center of gravity for migrants implement an active migration management policy in the region. The purpose of the article is to identify the impact of European Union policy towards the Western Balkans on the development of the migration crisis in the region as a whole and in Bosnia and Herzegovina in particular. Materials and Methods. The study is based on statistical materials on migration of international and regional organizations. The analysis of the features of political regulation of migration in the region is carried out on systematic approach and content analysis of numerous declarations and treaties, as well as published scientific research. Results. The study revealed that the externalization and securitization of migration policy carried out by the European Union leads to an aggravation of the crisis in the Western Balkans, which are actually turning into a buffer zone for deterring and filtering migrants. The strengthening of migration and border control in the region has led to the diversification of migration flows; as a result Bosnia and Herzegovina has become one of the main centers of transit migration. Discussion and Conclusion. Bosnia and Herzegovina, following the course of joining the European Union, systematically takes all imposed decisions in the field of migration management. However, these deals lead to an increase in migration pressure on the country that it is not prepared due to its internal political and economic problems. Contradictions between the central and regional authorities of the country in fundamental issues of migration policy reinforce the tendencies towards its disintegration. Data on the scale of migration in the region, its analysis and conclusions on the principles of European Union migration policy will be useful to researchers in the field of migration processes, and can be used by government agencies for developing a Russian strategy for managing immigration processes.","PeriodicalId":53796,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Technologies and Systems","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139142287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paradoxical Manifestations of Institutional Social Trust in Russian Regions: Corruption and Shadow Employment as Types of Social Trust","authors":"I. Yurasov, V. Bondarenko, S. V. Polutin, O. A. Zyablikova, Olga N. Yurasova","doi":"10.15507/2413-1407.125.031.202304.733-753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2413-1407.125.031.202304.733-753","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The paradoxicality of which lies in the fact that with a lack of official institutional trust of the population in the authorities, it flows into informal, criminal and semi-criminal social spheres, into corrupt social ties and groups, and into the informal economy, shadow employment. The purpose of the article is to conduct a sociological theoretical and methodological analysis of the paradoxical forms of institutional social trust in Russian society in the form of corrupt and shadow economic ties. Materials and Methods. Empirical data on the shadow labor market in the Russian Federation were obtained in the course of mass and expert surveys conducted in 2021 in 10 regions of the Russian Federation and 2 megacities. In the course of preparing this publication, general scientific, logical methods were used, structural-functional, sociocultural, anthroposociocultural, projective approaches in modern sociology, the method of sociological imagination, the methodology of analysis and the formation of “we-groups”. Results. In the course of the authors’ research, it was found that such negative social phenomena as domestic and business corruption, shadow (informal) employment are a paradoxical form of expression of institutional trust in society. The paradox of the sociological correlation of corruption and shadow employment with institutional trust only at first glance seems illogical and contrary to sound scientific understanding. As a result of the analysis, the authors have revealed that with a lack of basic institutional trust of the Russian population in state and municipal authorities, social trust flows into informal, semi-criminal and criminal spheres. It has been proved that corruption and informal employment as forms of social practice become forms of expression of specific political trust based on strong social ties (blood related, kindred, friendly) in Russian regions. The authors’ team determined that corruption and informal employment are becoming a type of informal social self-organization of society, which close the gap between the political communications of the elite and the expectations of civil society. Discussion and Conclusion. Corruption and the informal economy are becoming a paradoxical form of manifestation of situational, horizontal, institutional trust based on strong (blood related, kindred, friendly) ties, on the social ties of “we-groups”, on the atomism of the Russian regional society. This research can be practically used by sociologists, lawyers, criminologists, social psychologists, law enforcement officers of the Russian Federation.","PeriodicalId":53796,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Technologies and Systems","volume":" 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139143236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of Influence of Winter Wheat Sowing Density on Its Yield","authors":"Michael Y. Chaplygin, E. V. Zhalnin, L. S. Shibryaeva, Alexey V. Podzorov","doi":"10.15507/2658-4123.033.202304.490-507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.033.202304.490-507","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article deals with the soil morphological features and grain varietal characteristics as the main factors on which the dynamics of the winter wheat development from seedlings to full grain ripeness depends. Aim of the Article. The article is aimed at determining the main patterns of plant development depending on internal and external factors affecting the winter wheat yield. Materials and Methods. The winter wheat variety RS-1 “Tanyaˮ was an object of the research. Sowing was carried out in the production zones of the North Caucasus Federal District. The size of the area amounted to 70 ha; there were two experiments with different seeding rates. The reliability of the results was checked using Fisher's and Student's coefficient. There were carried out monitoring of the complete cycle of plant development - from seedlings to full grain ripeness. Results. The dynamics of changes in morphological parameters of plants germinated from seeds at seeding rates of 2.6 and 6.5 million pieces/ha was compared. The role of external and internal factors determining the dependence of wheat yield on seeding rate was analyzed. The external factors included the growth environment factors determining the health of plants and relating growth environment to the sowing density. At the same time, there were considered physico-chemical properties of soil including its fertility with capacity index (the amount of mineral substances and their fractional composition), the strength of the bond between mineral substances and the matrix soil, and the rate of transition of soil ions from the matrix soil to aqueous solution. When analyzing the soil prepared by the proposed cultivation technology, it was found that at a seeding rate of 6.5 million pieces/ha the number of productive stems was 550 pieces (0.0575 pieces/kg of stems), and at a seeding rate of 2.6 million pieces/ha their number was 575 pieces (0.183 pieces/kg of stems). Discussion and Conclusion. The influence of wheat seed sowing density on yield was evaluated using the Gardner equation and parameters of sorption properties of wheat root systems. It was shown that for wheat sowing density at seeding rates of 2.6 and 6.5 million pieces/ha the ratio between the values of diffusion coefficients D(6.5)/D(2.6), obtained taking into account the grown stems, was ~ 1.7 times. It was found that the determining factor is the soil structure, on which the parameters of water supply depend. The type of developing root system is determined by the water absorption rate and the depth to which water is extracted from the soil per plant. The factors determining the effect of seeding density on yield include osmotic parameters of seed cell membranes. Accumulation of proline as an osmotically active organic matter in the cell promotes water retention in the cell. The use of microelements and growth regulators for treating seeds germinated at sowing rates of 2.6 and 6.5 million pieces/ha leads to a greater increase in","PeriodicalId":53796,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Technologies and Systems","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139142500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}