Clarice Myers, Nicholas S Reed, Frank R Lin, Amber Willink
{"title":"A Broad Examination of Health Policy Barriers to Access and Affordability of Hearing Treatment for Medicare Beneficiaries.","authors":"Clarice Myers, Nicholas S Reed, Frank R Lin, Amber Willink","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1743122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1743122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2016, the National Academies on Science, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) released a report titled, \"Hearing Health Care for Adults,\" which detailed the challenges and provided recommendations for improving the access to affordable hearing care for adults in the United States. Arguably the most significant outcome from this report was the subsequent passage of the Over-the-Counter Hearing Aid Act in 2017, which requires the Food and Drug Administration to develop regulations for a class of hearing aids that address mild to moderate hearing loss to be available for sale over the counter (OTC). While this presents an important step toward improving access and affordability of hearing treatment, it does not represent a complete solution. In fact, optimizing the new landscape of hearing care for individuals with hearing loss also may require new policy solutions. This article reflects on the progress achieved since the NASEM report and the policy issues that remain to improve accessibility and affordability of hearing care among older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":53691,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Hearing","volume":"43 1","pages":"13-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9200460/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9632433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Audiologist's Role in Advocacy.","authors":"Jodi H Baxter","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1743121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1743121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Healthcare policy decisions that affect the day-to-day work of an audiologist and his/her ability to best serve our patients occur every day. It is imperative that every professional participate in advocacy efforts; however, many audiologists are unfamiliar with current advocacy initiatives, how to participate, or how critical one phone call, email, or meeting could be in the legislative process.</p>","PeriodicalId":53691,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Hearing","volume":"43 1","pages":"20-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9200464/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9632436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Understanding State-Level Advocacy: A Guide for Hearing Healthcare Professionals.","authors":"Aaron M Roman","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1743120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1743120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Advocacy is a core component of moving the hearing healthcare environment forward to optimize patient care and allow providers to work to the full extent of their scope of practice. Despite its importance, advocacy, particularly at the level of state governments, can present to many as a daunting, sometimes futile, task. The purpose of this article is to describe advocating at the state level for hearing healthcare service providers. This article will discuss considerations for audiology practitioners interested in state-level advocacy, including variations in state government organization, benefits and barriers to state advocacy, and state-level issues that affect practitioners.</p>","PeriodicalId":53691,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Hearing","volume":"43 1","pages":"28-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9200463/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9632430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Importance of Professional Advocacy at the State Level: A Coalition Model.","authors":"Erin L Miller, Christina M Roup","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1743543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1743543","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Professional advocacy communicates a viewpoint for or against a policy or issue, and is used to influence change to public policy, legislation, and/or regulations. State audiology associations are perfectly positioned to organize advocacy efforts for the profession at the state level. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to review the types of advocacy available to state organizations and the steps for hiring a lobbyist. In addition, the article presents a unique advocacy model in which multiple audiology and speech-language pathology organizations in the state of Ohio joined to form the Ohio Speech and Hearing Governmental Affairs Coalition (OSHGAC). There are numerous advantages of an advocacy coalition, most importantly a shared financial responsibility. Finally, several examples of the OSHGAC recent legislative and regulatory advocacy efforts are reviewed.</p>","PeriodicalId":53691,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Hearing","volume":"43 1","pages":"35-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9200459/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9632434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Future States for Hearing Care.","authors":"Ian M Windmill","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1743542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1743542","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evolutionary changes occur across health care, including within the hearing care delivery system. At times, the change is driven by external forces and thus elicits a reactive response. In contrast, developing a vision of a future state, and subsequently the strategies to achieve that vision, is a proactive and a preferred process. Using the reactive versus proactive framework, a future state built around the emergence of genetics as both an assessment tool and a treatment option is presented. In addition, a broad, consumer-centric vision for access to affordable and contemporary hearing care is presented that would result in an expanded and positive future state for hearing care services.</p>","PeriodicalId":53691,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Hearing","volume":"43 1","pages":"45-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9200461/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9632428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seminars in HearingPub Date : 2021-12-09eCollection Date: 2021-11-01DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1739282
Marissa Schuh, Matthew L Bush
{"title":"Defining Disparities in Cochlear Implantation through the Social Determinants of Health.","authors":"Marissa Schuh, Matthew L Bush","doi":"10.1055/s-0041-1739282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1739282","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hearing loss is a global public health problem with high prevalence and profound impacts on health. Cochlear implantation (CI) is a well-established evidence-based treatment for hearing loss; however, there are significant disparities in utilization, access, and clinical outcomes among different populations. While variations in CI outcomes are influenced by innate biological differences, a wide array of social, environmental, and economic factors significantly impact optimal outcomes. These differences in hearing health are rooted in inequities of health-related socioeconomic resources. To define disparities and advance equity in CI, there is a pressing need to understand and target these social factors that influence equitable outcomes, access, and utilization. These factors can be categorized according to the widely accepted framework of social determinants of health, which include the following domains: healthcare access/quality, education access/quality, social and community context, economic stability, and neighborhood and physical environment. This article defines these domains in the context of CI and examines the published research and the gaps in research of each of these domains. Further consideration is given to how these factors can influence equity in CI and how to incorporate this information in the evaluation and management of patients receiving cochlear implants.</p>","PeriodicalId":53691,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Hearing","volume":"42 4","pages":"321-330"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8660167/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39728619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seminars in HearingPub Date : 2021-12-09eCollection Date: 2021-11-01DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1739370
Lisa R Park, Erika B Gagnon, Kevin D Brown
{"title":"The Limitations of FDA Criteria: Inconsistencies with Clinical Practice, Findings, and Adult Criteria as a Barrier to Pediatric Implantation.","authors":"Lisa R Park, Erika B Gagnon, Kevin D Brown","doi":"10.1055/s-0041-1739370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1739370","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Children require greater access to sound than adults as they are learning to communicate using hearing and spoken language. Yet when it comes to cochlear implant candidacy, currently approved Food and Drug Administration (FDA) criteria for adults are much less restrictive than those for children, allowing for greater levels of residual hearing and aided speech recognition in adults. Cochlear implant guidelines for children have changed very little in the 30 years since cochlear implants have been approved for pediatrics, and this lack of change has proven to be a barrier to implantation. Using evidence-based practice, centers have been providing off-label implantation for children who fall outside of current FDA criteria, including children with more residual hearing, children with single-side deafness younger than 5 years, and infants with bilateral profound loss younger than 9 months. The purpose of this article is to outline how these restrictions impede access to implants for children and describe the evidence supporting cochlear implantation in children who fall outside of current criteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":53691,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Hearing","volume":"42 4","pages":"373-380"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8660172/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39728625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seminars in HearingPub Date : 2021-12-09eCollection Date: 2021-11-01DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1739283
Teresa A Zwolan, Gregory Basura
{"title":"Determining Cochlear Implant Candidacy in Adults: Limitations, Expansions, and Opportunities for Improvement.","authors":"Teresa A Zwolan, Gregory Basura","doi":"10.1055/s-0041-1739283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1739283","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The safety, efficacy, and success of cochlear implants (CIs) are well established and have led to changes in criteria used by clinicians to determine who should receive a CI. Such changes in clinical decision-making have out-paced the slower-occurring changes that have taken place with regulatory bodies' and insurers' indications. We review the historical development of indications for CIs, including those of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Medicare, Medicaid, and private insurers. We report on expansion to include patients with greater residual hearing, such as those who receive Hybrid and EAS devices, and report on recent FDA approvals that place less emphasis on the patient's best-aided condition and greater emphasis on the ear to be treated. This includes expansion of CIs to patients with single-side deafness and asymmetric hearing loss. We review changes in the test materials used to determine candidacy, including transition from sentences in quiet to sentences in noise to the recent use of monosyllabic words and cognitive screening measures. Importantly, we discuss the recent trend to recommend CIs despite a patient not meeting FDA or insurers' indications (a practice known as \"off-label\"), which serves as attestation that current indications need to be updated.</p>","PeriodicalId":53691,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Hearing","volume":"42 4","pages":"331-341"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8660165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39728621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seminars in HearingPub Date : 2021-12-09eCollection Date: 2021-11-01DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1739281
Ashley M Nassiri, John P Marinelli, Donna L Sorkin, Matthew L Carlson
{"title":"Barriers to Adult Cochlear Implant Care in the United States: An Analysis of Health Care Delivery.","authors":"Ashley M Nassiri, John P Marinelli, Donna L Sorkin, Matthew L Carlson","doi":"10.1055/s-0041-1739281","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0041-1739281","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Persistent underutilization of cochlear implants (CIs) in the United States is in part a reflection of a lack of hearing health knowledge and the complexities of care delivery in the treatment of sensorineural hearing loss. An evaluation of the patient experience through the CI health care delivery process systematically exposes barriers that must be overcome to undergo treatment for moderate-to-severe hearing loss. This review analyzes patient-facing obstacles including diagnosis of hearing loss, CI candidate identification and referral to surgeon, CI evaluation and candidacy criteria interpretation, and lastly CI surgery and rehabilitation. Pervasive throughout the process are several themes which demand attention in addressing inequities in hearing health disparities in the United States.</p>","PeriodicalId":53691,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Hearing","volume":"42 4","pages":"311-320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8660164/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39728617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seminars in HearingPub Date : 2021-12-09eCollection Date: 2021-11-01DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1739367
Eric E Babajanian, Neil S Patel, Richard K Gurgel
{"title":"The Impact of Cochlear Implantation: Cognitive Function, Quality of Life, and Frailty in Older Adults.","authors":"Eric E Babajanian, Neil S Patel, Richard K Gurgel","doi":"10.1055/s-0041-1739367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1739367","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review examines the relationship between cochlear implantation and cognition and quality of life in older adults, as well as how frailty affects outcomes for older patients with cochlear implants. A growing body of evidence suggests that there is a strong association between hearing loss and cognitive impairment. Preliminary studies suggest that cochlear implantation in older adults may be protective against cognitive decline. While studies have observed a positive impact of cochlear implantation on quality of life, currently it is unclear what factors contribute the most to improved quality of life. Frailty, as a measurement of general health, likely plays a role in complication rates and quality-of-life outcomes after cochlear implantation, though larger prospective studies are required to further elucidate this relationship.</p>","PeriodicalId":53691,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Hearing","volume":"42 4","pages":"342-351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8660171/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39728622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}