Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica最新文献_第5页

An Approach for Computing the Heat Sources in Logs Subjected to Freezing 冻结原木中热源的计算方法

Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/aslh-2018-0002

N. Deliiski, N. Tumbarkova

{"title":"An Approach for Computing the Heat Sources in Logs Subjected to Freezing","authors":"N. Deliiski, N. Tumbarkova","doi":"10.2478/aslh-2018-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aslh-2018-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study suggests an approach for computing the specific energies of the internal heat sources in logs subjected to freezing. The approach maximally considers the physics of the freezing processes of both the free and the bound water in wood. It reflects the influence on the mentioned energies of the wood density above and below the hygroscopic range. It also considers the icing degrees formed separately by both the free and bound water in the logs, as well as the influence of the fiber saturation point of each wood species on its respective amount of non-frozen water depending on temperatures below 272.15 K. Mathematical descriptions of the specific heat energies Qv-fw and Qv-bw released in logs during free water freezing in the range from 0 °C to −1 °C and of the bound water below –1 °C, respectively, have been executed. These descriptions are introduced in own 2D non-linear mathematical model of the freezing process of logs. For the solution of the model and computation of the energies Qv-fw and Qv-bw, a software program based on the suggested approach and mathematical descriptions was prepared in FORTRAN, which was input into the calculation environment of Visual Fortran. With the aid of the program, computations were completed to determine the energies Qv-fw and Qv-bw and their sum, Qv-total of a beech log subjected to freezing. The beech log had a diameter of 0.24 m, a length of 0.48 m, an initial temperature of 20.5 °C, a basic density of 683 kg·m−3, and a moisture content of 0.48 kg·kg–1 during its 30 hours in a freezer at approximately −30 °C.","PeriodicalId":53620,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87077717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) Home Range and Habitat Use in Two Romanian Habitats 罗马尼亚两个栖息地的野猪(Sus scrofa)的家庭范围和栖息地利用

Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/aslh-2018-0003

Ferenc Jánoska, A. Farkas, M. Marosán, J. Fodor

{"title":"Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) Home Range and Habitat Use in Two Romanian Habitats","authors":"Ferenc Jánoska, A. Farkas, M. Marosán, J. Fodor","doi":"10.2478/aslh-2018-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aslh-2018-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract During our research we utilized data provided by GPS collars to compare the spatial patterns of wild boars living in lowland and high-hilly regions. Five wild boars were fitted with GPS Plus (Vectronic) type collars. The two aforementioned investigated habitat areas were as follows: a high-hilly hunting ground from the foot of the Bodoc Mountains (Covasna County), and the meeting point of Olt and Danube rivers in the southern part of the country (Teleorman County). The average daily wild boar activity varied between 2.9 and 3.1 km in the lowlands and between 3.6 and 4.9 km in the higher situated habitats. The average daily movement area calculated with the minimum convex polygon method was between 60.3 and 112.5 ha/day in the lowlands and between 113.5 and 125.2 ha/day in the high-hilly regions. The movement area of the wild boars calculated with the MCP method varied between 1,060 and 1,2001 hectares in lowlands and between 8,689 and 9,463 hectares in higher altitudes. Our data proved inadequate at testing whether or not large carnivores affect wild boar activity patterns. Habitat use analysis produced interesting results: even in a very diverse habitat, every collared individual preferred green forests. We found negative preference for agricultural fields in both habitats.","PeriodicalId":53620,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82359685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Exotic Abies Species in Czech Provenance Trials: Assessment after Four Decades 捷克外来冷杉种源试验:四十年后的评估

Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/aslh-2018-0001

J. Frýdl, J. Dostal, František Beran, J. Čáp, M. Fulín, J. Frampton, G. Božič, C. Mátyás

{"title":"Exotic Abies Species in Czech Provenance Trials: Assessment after Four Decades","authors":"J. Frýdl, J. Dostal, František Beran, J. Čáp, M. Fulín, J. Frampton, G. Božič, C. Mátyás","doi":"10.2478/aslh-2018-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aslh-2018-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The growth of seven exotic true fir (Abies) species and native Abies alba have been compared in three provenance trials in the Czech Republic, at the relatively advanced ages of 44, 38, and 35 years respectively. A clear differentiation is observable between the species. The closely related species group of A. alba and A. cephalonica appears rather heterogeneous in its phenotypic behavior. A. alba provenances show superiority, but also a high differentiation. Productivity of provenances of A. cephalonica fall behind A. alba; however A. cilicica and A. pinsapo provenances have shown total mortality. The high potential of A. grandis is confirmed by outstanding growth; provenances from the coastal plain in Washington State performed best. A. procera grows slower than A. grandis, but still faster than A. alba provenances. Health risks, extreme ecologic distances of transfer, trend shifts of growth rate, and rank change with age are uncertainties that require necessary caution when selecting provenances for importation. In recent years, public and institutional perceptions concerning the introduction of non-native tree species and provenances has shifted, and the practice is no longer seen as necessarily inappropriate.","PeriodicalId":53620,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84873794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Hygroscopicity of Longitudinally Compressed Wood 纵向压缩木材的吸湿性

Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica Pub Date : 2017-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/aslh-2017-0010

M. Báder, R. Németh

引用次数: 8

Monitoring of the Hydrological Balance in the Area of the Kiskunság National Park Directorate 监测Kiskunság国家公园理事会区域内的水文平衡

Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica Pub Date : 2017-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/aslh-2017-0007

Bence Bolla, T. Németh

引用次数: 1

Above-Ground Biomass of Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) Trees and Stands 刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia L.)地上生物量树木和树木

Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica Pub Date : 2017-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/ASLH-2017-0008

K. Rédei, J. Gál, Z. Keserű, B. Antal

引用次数: 1

Utilization of Oak (Quercus petreae (Matt.) Liebl.) Bark for Anaerobic Digested Biogas Production 栎(Quercus petreae)的利用Liebl)。树皮用于厌氧消化沼气生产

Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica Pub Date : 2017-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/aslh-2017-0009

Ádám Nándor Makk, T. Rétfalvi, T. Hofmann

{"title":"Utilization of Oak (Quercus petreae (Matt.) Liebl.) Bark for Anaerobic Digested Biogas Production","authors":"Ádám Nándor Makk, T. Rétfalvi, T. Hofmann","doi":"10.1515/aslh-2017-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aslh-2017-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Fossil fuel depletion has led to an increasing number of research studies and applications focusing on renewable energy, such as different types of biomass. Lignocellulosic biomass represents an abundant source of biomass suitable for energy production in various forms. The present research investigates the application possibility of pedunculate oak bark (Quercus petrea (Matt.) Liebl.) for the production of biogas via anaerobic digestion. This research has significant novelty, as only a few examples on the utilization of tree bark wastes for the production of biogas can be found in the scientific literature. One of the key factors of increasing biogas yield is the efficient hydrolysis of the basic material, which is achieved by different pretreatment methods. In this study, oak bark was pretreated by microwave energy, by extraction, and by the combination of these two methods. The semi-continuous thermophylic anaerobic digestion of untreated oak bark resulted a 76.3 ml/g volatile solid specific methane yield over a 50-day period, which was not significantly lower than methane yield gained from pretreated basic material. Results indicated that oak bark is suitable for the production of biogas even without the application of the investigated pretreatment techniques. As extraction of oak bark does not impair biogas production, the complex biorefinery utilization of oak bark in the form of extraction bark polyphenols and the subsequent anaerobic fermentation of lignocellulosic residue can be accomplished in the future.","PeriodicalId":53620,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90991931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The Effect of Artificial Lights on Nocturnal Macrolepidoptera (Lepidoptera: Macroheterocera) Communities 人工照明对夜间大鳞翅目(鳞翅目:大异角目)群落的影响

Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/aslh-2017-0003

Edit Nagy Pintérné, Zoltán Pödör

{"title":"The Effect of Artificial Lights on Nocturnal Macrolepidoptera (Lepidoptera: Macroheterocera) Communities","authors":"Edit Nagy Pintérné, Zoltán Pödör","doi":"10.1515/aslh-2017-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aslh-2017-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We examined the light sources and illuminated environments in Sopron’s public areas and studied the impact they had on the composition of macrolepidopteran moth communities. We employed light traps with three different light sources in three differently illuminated environments (seminatural, transitional, urban) on 60 occasions during the summer period of 2012-2013 and 20 times in the seminatural area in the spring and autumn of 2014. In the first two years, we evaluated the number of individuals; in year three, we evaluated the number of species. In the first two years, the high-pressure sodium light in the seminatural site trapped the largest number of nocturnal lepidopteran specimens (2,569), while the mixed HMLI light trapped the most individuals in the transitional (1,098) and urban (822) areas. Based on the average number of individuals the first two years, we compared the locations and light sources. In terms of average number of specimens collected, significant differences emerged between two light sources and two locations. When we completed the species diversity index, we determined the compact fluorescent tube in spring and the high-pressure sodium light in the autumn showed the greatest values.","PeriodicalId":53620,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87476023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Light Conditions, Soil Moisture, and Vegetation Cover in Artificial Forest Gaps in Western Hungary 匈牙利西部人工林隙的光照条件、土壤湿度和植被覆盖

Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/aslh-2017-0002

T. Kollár

引用次数: 8

Economic Assessment of European Beech and Turkey Oak Stands with Close-to-Nature Forest Management 接近自然森林管理下欧洲山毛榉和土耳其栎林的经济评价

Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/aslh-2017-0001

Péter Csépányi, Attila Csór

引用次数: 3