Economic and Political Weekly最新文献

{"title":"Creating Good Jobs","authors":"Radhika Kapoor","doi":"10.7551/mitpress/11893.001.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/11893.001.0001","url":null,"abstract":"The current regime seeks to reform labour laws with the understanding that these reforms will improve industrial growth and expand the possibilities of enterprise. However, there is already ample evidence from within India that this obsession with reforming labour law, particularly in the way the government has done it till now, will not take us any closer in creating more jobs or a healthy industrial sector. These reforms will not help fi rms adapt to ever-changing market conditions, nor will they ensure greater security of employment.","PeriodicalId":53574,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Political Weekly","volume":"11 1","pages":"16-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90657881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unearthing the roots of statutory forest law: iron smelting and the state in pre- and early-colonial India","authors":"M. Bavinck, Amalendu Jyotishi","doi":"10.4324/9780203506028-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203506028-11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53574,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Political Weekly","volume":"2 1","pages":"65-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89477754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leadership in Context","authors":"Reetika Syal, S. Shastri","doi":"10.4135/9781452204963.n2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452204963.n2","url":null,"abstract":"The 2014 Lok Sabha elections saw an effort by the Bharatiya Janata Party to project leadership as a key strategy in its campaign. The response of the electorate provided important indications of the effect of leadership on the outcome of elections in India. The effect of the leadership issue needs to be viewed in the context of a United Progressive Alliance government that was on the defensive and a Congress leadership that looked ineffective and directionless. These added weight to the BJP's projection of Narendra Modi as a decisive, effective and experienced leader.","PeriodicalId":53574,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Political Weekly","volume":"31 1","pages":"77-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87519662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Need for a New Drugs Bill","authors":"A. Pollock, P. McGettigan, Rushikesh Mahajan, R. Jeffery, P. Roderick","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.50558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.50558","url":null,"abstract":"After a legislative logjam (since 2011) with respect to regulating the pharmaceuticals industry, the new government at the centre has the opportunity to introduce the much-needed changes to the Drugs and Cosmetics Act. The amendment bill, introduced in Parliament on 29 August 2013, aimed to promote rational regulation of safe and effective allopathic drugs. That bill would have been yet another patch on an Act which has already been stretched beyond breaking point. It would have done little to provide a rigorous foundation for putting safety, effectiveness, rationality and need at the heart of the country’s drug regulatory system. It is to be hoped that the government will make a complete overhaul of the Act one of its highest priorities. 1 Background Following the scathing criticisms in 2012 of a parliamentary committee (59th r eport),1 India’s central drugs regulator, the Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO) headed by the Drugs Controller General of India (DCGI),2 was threatened with abolition and replacement by a central drugs authority (CDA), in the Drugs and Cosmetics (Amendment) Bill introduced in Parliament on 29 August 2013.3 The CDSCO was criticised in the 59th report for its pro-industry mission to “meet the aspirations...demands and requirements of the pharmaceutical industry”; for its apparently close cooperation with pharmaceutical companies in easing drug approvals and in avoiding legal requirements; for approving drugs without clinical trials, especially on Indian subjects; and for not exercising statutory powers to require licence revocation or drug bans. The committee also stated that “a very large number” of fi xed dose combination (FDC) drugs – formulations comprising two or more drugs combined in a fi xed ratio of doses and available in a single dosage form – had been approved by state regulatory authorities without prior central approval. FDCs are a peculiar feature of the Indian pharmaceutical market, compared to those on sale in England, the US or Australia.4 The Drugs Act of 1940 emerged from the Chopra Commission Report of 1931, on the need for central drug control legis lation with a view to securing uniformity throughout the country to control the import, manufacture and sale of drugs. It remains the core primary legislation regulating drugs in India today.5 It divided responsibilities between the central government (responsible for import) and the provinces or (today) states (responsible for manufacture, distribution and sale). Many amendments to the Act and the Rules have been introduced, o ften increasing central control.6 In 1952, the Rules introduced the concept of a “new drug”, requiring applicants to have the written permission of the central licensing authority prior to import.7 In June 1961 the Rules were further amended to prohibit the manufacture of a new drug unless it had been previously approved by the central regulator;8 to require the manufacturer of a new drug when applying for that appro","PeriodicalId":53574,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Political Weekly","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88722759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Passion for India","authors":"G. Rodgers, Janine","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1hcg0th.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1hcg0th.8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53574,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Political Weekly","volume":"11 1","pages":"4-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80065297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plugging PDS Pilferage: A Study of an SMS-based Monitoring Project.","authors":"Sriniketh Nagavarapu,&nbsp;Sheetal Sekhri","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The targeted public distribution system is fraught with leakages. With the Food Security Act in place now, policymakers face a greater challenge in curtailing leakages and improving delivery on a much larger scale. This article studies a project in Uttar Pradesh which uses mobile phone SMS to monitor PDS supplies and finds an enthusiastic response from the users, even if the project itself has not worked well.</p>","PeriodicalId":53574,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Political Weekly","volume":"49 13","pages":"61-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4370341/pdf/nihms-671172.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33162720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial variation in the \"Muslim vote\" in Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh, 2014","authors":"Raphael Susewind, Raheel Dhattiwala","doi":"10.11588/IAF.2014.45.3290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11588/IAF.2014.45.3290","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose to reconcile the controversial debate on Muslim \"vote banks\" in India by shifting the spatial focus from state-wide assessments to the level of constituencies. At the example of Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh in the 2014 general elections, and using an innovative booth-level ecological inference model, we show that Muslims might indeed vote en bloc for or against certain parties, but they tend to do so in a much more localised way than previously assumed. While public Muslim support for the BJP did not translate into electoral support in most places, there are important exceptions to this trend – and at least in the case of Uttar Pradesh, their support for competing parties followed a fairly complex spatial pattern. We further explore this spatial variation in Muslim vote pattern by looking at the moderating impact of minority concentration, violent communal history, and ethnic co-ordination and conclude with a call for more disaggregated research.","PeriodicalId":53574,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Political Weekly","volume":"21 1","pages":"99-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83767829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Political Culture","authors":"A. Natani","doi":"10.5860/choice.36-1244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.36-1244","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53574,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Political Weekly","volume":"87 1","pages":"4-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85485245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Management of Gender Imbalance in China: A Holistic Governance Framework.","authors":"Li Shuzhuo, Shang Zijuan, Marcus W Feldman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since the 1980s, the sex ratio at birth (abbreviated as SRB) in China has been rising and has remained extremely high. With rapid social transition, gender imbalance has become one of the most significant issues of China's social management and has raised many problems and challenges. Innovation in the management principles and public policies of social management urgently needs a new perspective of holistic governance framework. Based on the latest trends in gender imbalance, using data from China's 2010 Population Census, this paper firstly reviews China's strategic policy responses and actions concerning the governance of the male-skewed SRB. With holistic governance theory, we focus on China's \"Care for Girls\" campaign to analyze the current public policy system. This paper then reveals fragmentation in the current management of China's gender imbalance. Finally we propose a social management framework for addressing China's gender imbalance. The public system needs to be strengthened, and the Chinese government should focus more on vulnerable groups such as forced bachelors in rural areas, and try to bring those groups into the policy framework for governance of gender imbalance. The proposed theoretical framework may help Chinese governments at various levels to design and implement improved social management of gender imbalance issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":53574,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Political Weekly","volume":"48 35","pages":"79-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4673002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140195056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE EFFECT OF A MALE SURPLUS ON INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE IN INDIA.","authors":"Sunita Bose, Katherine Trent, Scott J South","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Theories of the social consequences of imbalanced sex ratios posit that men will exercise extraordinarily strict control over women's behaviour when women's relationship options are plentiful and men's own options are limited. We use data from the third wave of the Indian National Family and Health Survey, conducted in 2005-06, to explore this issue, investigating the effect of the community sex ratio on women's experience of intimate partner violence in India. Multilevel logistic regression models show that a relative surplus of men in a community increases the likelihood of physical abuse by husbands even after adjusting for various other individual, household, and geographic characteristics. Further evidence of control over women when there is a sex ratio imbalance is provided by the increased odds of husbands distrusting wives with money when there is a male surplus in the local community.</p>","PeriodicalId":53574,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Political Weekly","volume":"48 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3914764/pdf/nihms539069.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32104196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}