Journal des Economistes et des Etudes Humaines最新文献

{"title":"Adam Smith and the Evolutionist Theory of Institutions","authors":"Valentin Petkantchin","doi":"10.2202/1145-6396.1193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1145-6396.1193","url":null,"abstract":"L’oeuvre d’Adam Smith a pour objectif d’analyser l’aspect institutionnel des phénomènes sociaux. D’un côté, la Théorie des sentiments moraux trouve sa juste place dans la pensée de l’économiste écossais ; son rôle est d’expliquer comment se forment les jugements moraux individuels et comment ces jugements débouchent de façon évolutionniste sur l’émergence d’ institutions sociales. De l’autre côté, la véritable cause de la Richesse des nations est à chercher dans des institutions qui font respecter la liberté naturelle des individus. Une relecture du troisième devoir du souverain aboutit également à des conclusions fort intéressantes: la mise en place de nouvels arrangements institutionnels (droits de propriété, société par actions à responsabilité limitée) dans la production des ouvrages “publick” devaient permettre l’extension du marché (le système des prix retrouvant pleinement son rôlecoordinateur) et non son remplacement par l’Etat. The aim of the Adam Smith’s work is to analyze the institutional aspect of the social phenomena. On the one hand, the Theory of Moral Sentiments finds its right place in the thought of the scottish economist; its role is to explain how form the individual moral judgements and how the social institutions emerge out of these judgements in an evolutionist way. On the other hand, the real cause of the Wealth of Nations is to be found in the institutions which enforce the respect of the natural liberty of the individuals. A re-reading of the thirth duty of the sovereign turns out a much interesting conclusions: the carrying out of new institutional arrangements (rights of property, joint-stock companies with limited liability) in the production of “publick” works had to allow the extension of the market (the price system recovering its all coordinating role) and not its replacement by the State. Author Notes: Je suis particulièrement reconnaissant à J. Garello, Professeur à l’Université d’Aix-Marseille III, pour son aide et ses commentaires critiques. Je tiens également à remercier G. Bramoullé, J.Y. Naudet et J.-P. Centi, tous trois rofesseurs à l’Université d’Aix-Marseille III, ainsi que les chercheurs du C.A.E. pour leurs remarques et suggestions utiles. Toute erreur reste à la responsabilité de l’auteur. ADAM SMITH ET LA THEORIE EVOLUTIONNISTE DE L’EMERGENCE DES INSTITUTIONS* Valentin Petkantchin°","PeriodicalId":53483,"journal":{"name":"Journal des Economistes et des Etudes Humaines","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79763548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Employment and Microeconomic Policy","authors":"W. Niskanen","doi":"10.2202/1145-6396.1202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1145-6396.1202","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53483,"journal":{"name":"Journal des Economistes et des Etudes Humaines","volume":"136 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2202/1145-6396.1202","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72413383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hayek et les termites","authors":"Voranger Jacques","doi":"10.2202/1145-6396.1187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1145-6396.1187","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53483,"journal":{"name":"Journal des Economistes et des Etudes Humaines","volume":"34 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81124393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Path-dependence in technological and institutional change -- some criticisms and suggestions","authors":"Daniel Kiwit","doi":"10.2202/1145-6396.1194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1145-6396.1194","url":null,"abstract":"La littérature sur le sentier de corrélation met en doute l’efficience du mécanisme de marché en ce qui concerne le choix des technologies et des normes caractérisé par les rendements croissants. Récemment cette idée a attiré l’attention de quelques chercheurs spécialisés dans le processus de changement institutionnel. Dans cet article je soutiens qu’il y a de sérieux défauts dans la manière dont le sentier de corrélation des changements technologiques est habituellement présenté. Le point principal est quoi qu’il en soit le changement institutionnel. Ici, je montre que le concept de sentier de corrélation nécessite quelques modifications avant qu’il ne puisse être appliqué fructueusement. The literature of path-dependence casts doubt on the efficiency of the market mechanism concerning the choice of technologies and standards characterized by increasing returns. Recently this idea has aroused interest among scholars inquiring into the process of institutional change. In this article I argue that there are serious shortcomings in the way pathdependence of technological change is usually presented. The main focus is, however on institutional change. Here I show that the concept ot pathdependence needs some modification before it can fruitfully be applied. Author Notes: This paper draws on some assessments by Kiwit/Voigt-1995. There, our aim was to analyze the theoretical concept of institutional change in a broader perspective including a proposal for a new taxonomy of institutions and a discussion of the relations between external and internal institutions. As a result of our work on the aforementioned paper I would like to thank Stefan Voigt and all the discussants of this paper, most notably Manfred E. Streit and Michael Wohlgemuth. The responsibility for all remaining errors, however, is entirely mine. PATH-DEPENDENCE IN TECHNOLOGICAL AND INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE — SOME CRITICISMS AND SUGGESTIONS*","PeriodicalId":53483,"journal":{"name":"Journal des Economistes et des Etudes Humaines","volume":"140 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80034909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Economics and Ethics of Private Property: Studies in Political Economy and Philosophy - Hans Herman Hoppe","authors":"W. Block","doi":"10.2202/1145-6396.1205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1145-6396.1205","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53483,"journal":{"name":"Journal des Economistes et des Etudes Humaines","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81565678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Imperative for Deregulating Labor Relations: Unions, Technology, and Global Competition","authors":"J. T. Bennett","doi":"10.2202/1145-6396.1198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1145-6396.1198","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53483,"journal":{"name":"Journal des Economistes et des Etudes Humaines","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84400356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bastiat forerunner of Hayek? An Essay on the proclamation of liberal principles and their turning away through the socialization process","authors":"Feldman Jean-Philippe","doi":"10.2202/1145-6396.1211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1145-6396.1211","url":null,"abstract":"Loin detre un auteur mineur, thuriferaire dun naif laissez-faire, Bastiat apparait comme le precurseur de la plupart des courants liberaux contemporains.Il est frappant de constater que le diagnostic porte par Bastiat sur le fonctionnement de la democratie demeure dune brulante actualite.Cest donc injustement que Hayek a meconnu son devancier : une etude critique de la philosophie juridique et politique du Francais lui aurait permis deviter quelques inconsequences, telle sa theorie des fonctions non coercitives de lEtat.Far from being a minor economist, or flattering some naive laissez-faire, Bastiat is indeed a precursor of most of the contemporaneous views defending liberalism.It is striking to note how much Bastiats diagnosis about the workings of democracy applies with acuity to the current world.Thus, Hayek unduly disregarded his precursor: a critical study of Bastiats philosophy and conception of law would have allow Hayek to not fall into some traps, such as his theory on the non-coercitive functions of government.","PeriodicalId":53483,"journal":{"name":"Journal des Economistes et des Etudes Humaines","volume":"481 1","pages":"1-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77052274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deposit Insurance, the Implicit Regulatory Contract, and the Mismatch in the Term Structure of Banks' Assets and Liabilities","authors":"J. Macey, G. Miller","doi":"10.2202/1145-6396.1208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1145-6396.1208","url":null,"abstract":"Les professeurs Macey et Miller analysent la relation entre lassurance des depots et l inade quation dans la structure des echeances des actifs et passifs des banques commerciales. Apres avoir critique lhypothese traditionnelle concernant la reglementation, dapres laquelle les banques sont incitees a financer les actifs a long terme par des passifs a court terme parce que lassurance des depots garantie par lEtat stimule le credit des banques et subventionne les passifs a court terme, ils utilisent lanalyse economique des decisions publiques pour soutenir quune version modifiee de lhypothese de la reglementation est la meilleure explication de la destructuration des echeances des actifs et passifs bancaires.Finalement, ils considerent que soutenir lhypothese de la reglementation nentraine pas l acceptation du modele dassurance des depots garantie par lEtat tel quil existe aux Etats-Unis aujourdhui.Professors Macey and Miller explore the relationship between deposit insurance and the mismatch in the term structure of commercial banks assets and liabilities. After criticizing the traditional regulatory hypothesis, which posits that banks have incentives to fund long-term assets with short-term liabilities because government-sponsored deposit insurance enhances bank credit and subsidizes short-term liabilities, they use public choice theory to argue that a modified version of the regulatory hypothesis is the best explanation for the mismatch in the term structure of banks assets and liabilities. Finally, they argue that embracing the regulatory hypothesis does not imply acceptance of the government-sponsored deposit insurance scheme as it exists in the U.S. today.","PeriodicalId":53483,"journal":{"name":"Journal des Economistes et des Etudes Humaines","volume":"24 1","pages":"1-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84820099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theories of \"Endogeneous Growth\": a Critique","authors":"Lacoude Philippe","doi":"10.2202/1145-6396.1210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1145-6396.1210","url":null,"abstract":"Les theses dites de la croissance endogene mettent fort justement en avant le role clef dun certain nombre de secteurs economiques dans le phenomene de croissance des revenus. Cependant, la modelisation qui sy rattache conduit parallelement a emettre un certain nombre de jugements normatifs errones quant au role legitime de la puissance publique.En particulier, la structure meme des modeles de croissance endogene interdit de rendre compte du caractere subjectif de la valeur et neglige les aspects profondement individuels de laccumulation de capital. Par consequent, elle ne sinteresse quaux aspects materiels de cette derniere.Loin de justifier lintervention publique en vue daugmenter statistiquement le PIB (ou le PNB), les connaissances apportees par la theorie autrichienne conduisent a preferer la propriete naturelle et la liberte de contracter qui en decoule comme veritable moyen de faire croitre, a un rythme soutenu, les capitaux materiels et immateriels des individus.The so-called theories of endogeneous growth rightfully emphasize the key role of some particular economic sectors in the process of income growth. However, their modelling leads to erroneous normative judgements in the rightful role of the government authorities.The very structure of endogeneous growth models makes it impossible to account for the subjective character of value and disregards the deeply individual aspects of capital accumulation. Consequently, it only takes an interest in its material aspects.Far from justifying public intervention in order to statistically increase the GDP (or the GNP), the basic tenets of the Austrian theory rather lead to prefer natural property and the freedom to contract that goes with it, as real means to have the tangible and intangible individual assets grow at a steady rythm.","PeriodicalId":53483,"journal":{"name":"Journal des Economistes et des Etudes Humaines","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73650771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"International Tax Problems: Between Coordination and Competition","authors":"Salin Pascal","doi":"10.4337/9781784710170.00014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781784710170.00014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53483,"journal":{"name":"Journal des Economistes et des Etudes Humaines","volume":"123 1 1","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83439646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}