Perioperative Care and Operating Room Management最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of nurses' knowledge and practice in skin traction care for orthopedic trauma patients with fractures and associated factors in a developing country","authors":"Mina Soleimani ,&nbsp;Mohammad Hossein Hakimi","doi":"10.1016/j.pcorm.2025.100494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pcorm.2025.100494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Nurses play a crucial role in maintaining and improving patient health. Their knowledge and practice in managing complex interventions such as skin traction, especially in trauma and elderly patients, are essential to prevent complications and accelerate patient recovery. This study aimed to determine the knowledge and practice of nurses in skin traction care for orthopedic trauma patients with fractures and associated factors.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This descriptive-correlational study was conducted using a convenience sampling method among 220 nurses working in the emergency and surgical departments of hospitals affiliated with XX University of Medical Sciences in 2023. A three-part valid and reliable tool was used to collect data on demographic characteristics, knowledge, and practice of nurses in caring for patients with skin traction. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 and descriptive and inferential statistical tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Data analysis showed that most of the participating nurses were female, married, and held a bachelor's degree. Most nurses (65.5 %) had a moderate or higher level of knowledge about skin traction care. Regarding nurses' practice in skin traction care, the results showed that the majority of nurses (86.4 %) had a satisfactory practice level. There was a significant correlation between nurses' knowledge and practice in skin traction care (<em>r</em> = 0.244, <em>p</em> = .011). Moreover, nurses' knowledge was significantly correlated with their educational level (<em>P</em> = .014), and nurses' practice in skin traction care were significantly correlated with their work experience (<em>P</em> = .017) and gender (<em>P</em> = .040).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The results of the study showed that although the level of knowledge and practice of most nurses in caring for patients with skin traction was moderate or above, there is a need to strengthen specialized training in some dimensions of knowledge and practice, especially regarding awareness of the complications of using skin traction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53468,"journal":{"name":"Perioperative Care and Operating Room Management","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100494"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143886576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Covering sterile instrument tables to prevent airborne bacterial contamination and surgical wound infections: A narrative review of operating room nursing practices","authors":"Mohammadreza Zarei ,&nbsp;Nahid Norouzi ,&nbsp;Esmaeil Teymoori ,&nbsp;Rezvan Ghafarzadegan","doi":"10.1016/j.pcorm.2025.100495","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pcorm.2025.100495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Surgical wound infections (SWIs) present a major challenge in postoperative care. Covering prepared sterile instrument tables (PSITs) during both idle (inactive) and active surgical phases can significantly reduce contamination by airborne bacteria-carrying particles (ABCPs) that may reach surgical wounds. This narrative review aimed to investigate four key objectives: (1) exploring the role of ABCPs in contaminating PSITs and contributing to SWIs; (2) evaluating the effectiveness of table coverage by operating room nurses (ORNs) in mitigating ABCP during both idle and active surgical periods; (3) assessing the duration of sterility maintained by covered tables and the efficacy of different covering techniques; and (4) recommending optimal covering methods while emphasizing the critical role of ORNs in standardizing and implementing these practices to enhance infection prevention protocols.</div><div>A comprehensive search was conducted in MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, with a focus on articles examining the role of ORNs in covering sterile instrument tables, preventing airborne contamination, and reducing the incidence of SWIs. Grey literature from the Association of perioperative Registered Nurses (AORN) and the Association of Surgical Technologists (AST) was also reviewed. The literature consistently shows that ORNs play a key role in reducing airborne contamination by covering PSITs during both idle and active phases. The single-drape cover method was effective for up to 60 min, while the double-layer covering provided longer protection, particularly useful during patient transfers in the operating room (OR). Covered PSITs demonstrated minimal contamination even after 24 h in controlled environments, supporting evidence that PSIT covering effectively reduces ABCP contamination and maintains sterility for up to 60 min. This is especially important in complex surgeries, where sterility is crucial for patient safety. Moreover, covering PSITs during both idle and active periods significantly lowers contamination levels compared to uncovered PSITs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53468,"journal":{"name":"Perioperative Care and Operating Room Management","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100495"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of specialization on morbidity in lower third molar extraction","authors":"Bahadır Sancar ,&nbsp;Ferhat Musulluoğlu ,&nbsp;Yunus Çetiner","doi":"10.1016/j.pcorm.2025.100492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pcorm.2025.100492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Extracting impacted third molar teeth is one of the most common procedures in maxillofacial surgery. After these operations, symptoms such as trismus, pain, and swelling are seen, negatively affecting patient comfort and defined as postoperative morbidities. The surgeon's experience is one of the considerable factors affecting postoperative morbidity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>With our research, we extracted the mandibular impacted molar teeth of 100 patients by oral, teeth, and maxillofacial surgeons and oral and maxillofacial surgery assistants(research assistant). We recorded all patients' pain, swelling, and maximum incisal opening measurements three times: preoperative, postoperative second day, and seventh postoperative day. We determined the operation times by recording the time between the first incision and the last suture.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>When we compared oral and maxillofacial surgeons and oral and maxillofacial surgery assistants(research assistant), the operating time of the surgeon was shorter (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). When we evaluated the facial swelling on the postoperative second and seventh days, we found that the patients operated on by the surgeon had less swelling (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001, p:0.005). In our postoperative second-day measurement, the oral openness of the patients operated by the surgeon was greater (p:0.035).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Performing the impacted third molar operations by an oral and maxillofacial surgeon reduces postoperative morbidity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53468,"journal":{"name":"Perioperative Care and Operating Room Management","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100492"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shivering after spinal anesthesia and associated factors in mothers undergoing cesarean delivery at a referral hospital in northcentral Ethiopia: In resource-limited settings","authors":"Simegnew Kibret,&nbsp;Efrem Fenta,&nbsp;Metages Hinie,&nbsp;Diriba Teshome","doi":"10.1016/j.pcorm.2025.100491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pcorm.2025.100491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Post-spinal anesthesia shivering is one of the potential complications of anesthesia which may increase patient morbidity. Little is known about the incidence and associated factors of post-spinal shivering in our country. This study aims to assess the magnitude of post-spinal anesthesia shivering and its associated factors among mothers who underwent cesarean section at Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A Hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 113 patients who underwent cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. A systematic random sampling method was employed to select 113 study subjects. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to show an association between independent variables and the dependent variable (post-spinal anesthesia shivering). Variables with a p-value of less than 0.2 were transformed into multivariate analysis. The odds ratios with 95 % CI and p-values of less than 0.05 were used to show the strength of association and level of significance.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The overall incidence of post-spinal shivering was 39 (34.5 %) and variables such as not administering intrathecal pethidine 3.01 (AOR=3.01; 95 % CI: 1.08,8.40), blood loss 500–1000 ml (AOR=4.02;95 % CI: 1.46,11.07), co-loading with less 500 ml (AOR=4.97;95 % CI: 1.48,16.72), intraoperative maternal hypothermia(AOR=4.17;95 % CI: 1.44,12.10) were significantly associated with post-spinal anesthesia shivering.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The overall incidence of post-spinal anesthesia shivering in the study area was 39 (34.5 %). We suggest the introduction of the post-spinal anesthesia shivering management protocol.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53468,"journal":{"name":"Perioperative Care and Operating Room Management","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100491"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postoperative pain control in patients in the post-anesthesia care unit: a prospective observational study","authors":"Carlos Alberto Henao Periañez ,&nbsp;Marcio Alexander Castillo-Díaz ,&nbsp;Monica Andrea Morales García","doi":"10.1016/j.pcorm.2025.100490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pcorm.2025.100490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To analyze postoperative pain control in patients in the post-anesthesia care unit.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>This prospective observational study was conducted at a University Hospital in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Preoperative, intraoperative, and anesthesia recovery health information were considered for their association with postoperative pain control. Pain levels were measured using the verbal numeric scale (VNS, 0–10 points) from admission to discharge from the post-anesthesia care unit. The Pain Management Index (PMI, -3 to 3 points) assessed pain management adequacy. Descriptive statistics and an ordinal regression model identified associated factors, with a p-value &lt; 0.05 considered significant.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>The sample consisted of 226 patients. Upon admission to the post-anesthesia care unit, 5.8 % of patients reported moderate to severe pain (VNS ≥ 4). According to PMI, Pain was adequately treated in 85.4 % of patients (PMI ≥ 0). However, at the time of discharge, 22.1 % of patients reported moderate to severe pain (VNS ≥ 4). Regression analysis showed that inadequate pain management (OR = 9.97, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01) and the presence of anxiety or depression (OR = 3.89, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01) significantly increased the odds of experiencing higher levels of pain. The coexistence of anxiety and depression was associated with a greater risk of high levels of pain (OR = 9.29, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). On the other hand, age (being older) was a protective factor (OR = 0.97, <em>p</em> = 0.046).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our study found that a significant proportion of patients suffer moderate to severe postoperative pain. The results of this study may contribute to more effective postoperative care for patients with the risk factors identified in this research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53468,"journal":{"name":"Perioperative Care and Operating Room Management","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100490"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of surgical flow disruptions in orthopedic surgery using a human factors approach","authors":"Asfandyar Khan ,&nbsp;Scott A. Shappell ,&nbsp;Albert J. Boquet","doi":"10.1016/j.pcorm.2025.100488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pcorm.2025.100488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Efficient and safe perioperative care is critical to optimizing surgical outcomes and reducing preventable errors. Orthopedic procedures, ranging from minimally invasive techniques to complex surgeries, place significant cognitive and physical demands on surgical teams. Disruptions in workflow can compromise efficiency, coordination, and patient safety. This study aimed to systematically identify and categorize surgical flow disruptions to inform quality improvement efforts.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Forty orthopedic surgeries were observed. A human factors taxonomy was used to classify disruptions, and descriptive statistical analysis was applied.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>Of the 2343 total disruptions observed, Interruptions (46.39 %) were the most frequent, followed by communication failures (33.25 %), coordination challenges (13.19 %), layout inefficiencies (5.25 %), equipment issues (1.20 %), and usability concerns (0.73 %). This translated into one disruption every 3.7 min for the 40 surgeries.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Addressing surgical flow disruptions proactively can enhance perioperative efficiency, safety, and team coordination. This study presents system vulnerabilities, enabling the possibility of shifting the focus from reactive error analysis to proactive mitigation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53468,"journal":{"name":"Perioperative Care and Operating Room Management","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100488"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of stress response, post-operative complications, and recovery between the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) vs standard protocol in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A prospective observational study from northern India","authors":"Mohd Danish ,&nbsp;Shubhajeet Roy ,&nbsp;Shiva Shiva ,&nbsp;Shailendra Pal Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.pcorm.2025.100489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pcorm.2025.100489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The goal of the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol is to reduce the surgical stress response to promote better postoperative recovery. Widespread adoption of the ERAS initiative has resulted in extending standards for various surgical specialties, especially in colorectal surgery. In this study, patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy had their perioperative stress response, postoperative problems, and rehabilitation assessed through a modified ERAS procedure.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>120 patients were enrolled in a prospective observational research and randomly assigned to the ERAS (case) or standard treatment (control) groups. Important elements of the ERAS procedure were multimodal analgesia, carbohydrate loading, and preoperative education. Measurements of serum glucose, cortisol, total leukocyte count (TLC), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were performed both before and after surgery.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>The postoperative serum glucose and cortisol levels were significantly lower (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) in the ERAS group. Serum glucose levels in the ERAS group were greater 6 h after surgery and right before (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Following surgery, the control group's serum cortisol levels were considerably higher (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Additionally, the ERAS group experienced fewer problems at discharge, including fever (<em>p</em> = 0.01), vomiting (<em>p</em> = 0.004), and nausea (<em>p</em> = 0.03), and had lower PONV intensity scores at 24 h (<em>p</em> = 0.012). Furthermore, the ERAS group started oral feedings sooner and spent a considerably lower amount of time in the hospital (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The modified ERAS protocol is beneficial in enhancing perioperative care and outcomes by reducing the surgical stress response and improving recovery in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53468,"journal":{"name":"Perioperative Care and Operating Room Management","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100489"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Operating room nurses' perceptions of the missed perioperative nursing care in Iran medical science universities teaching hospitals: A cross-sectional nationwide survey","authors":"Omid Zadi ,&nbsp;Amirali Alizadeh ,&nbsp;Aysan judi ,&nbsp;Vahid Rahmani ,&nbsp;Nasrin Aghazadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.pcorm.2025.100487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pcorm.2025.100487","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Missed perioperative nursing care (MPNC) in operating rooms is a critical issue that can compromise patient safety and increase adverse events. Despite the importance of perioperative nurses' roles, limited research in Iran has focused on MPNC within the operating room environment. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and characteristics of MPNC among perioperative nurses in Iran.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study was done on 733 perioperative nurses from August 2023 to January 2024. data were collected from teaching hospitals of the University of Medical Sciences across the country (20 teaching hospitals were randomly selected) using a multi-stage random stratified sampling method. Data were collected using the MPNC questionnaire developed by Marsch et al. After data collection, they were analyzed using SPSS24 with descriptive and inferential statistical tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The overall MPNC mean score was 7.36 ± 6.3, indicating a low prevalence. Communication (mean: 0.27) and legal requirements (mean: 0.26) were the most frequently missed domains, while closure routines (mean: 0.15) were the least missed. Significant associations were observed between MPNC and demographic factors, including age (<em>P</em> = 0.013), work experience (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), and gender (<em>P</em> = 0.003). Commonly missed care included the use of venous stasis prevention devices and the proper signing of consent forms.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The study highlights critical gaps in perioperative nursing care, particularly in communication and legal documentation. Addressing these gaps through targeted training programs, workflow optimization, and adherence monitoring is essential to enhance patient safety and care quality in operating rooms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53468,"journal":{"name":"Perioperative Care and Operating Room Management","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100487"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143814816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perioperative stress experiences of patients before surgical operation: A phenomenological study","authors":"Esra ÖZKAN ,&nbsp;Nurten Gülsüm BAYRAK ,&nbsp;Sevda UZUN","doi":"10.1016/j.pcorm.2025.100485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pcorm.2025.100485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>The aim of this study was to evaluate patients' experiences of perioperative stress before surgery using a phenomenological approach.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>In the study, in which phenomenological research method was used, semi- structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 12 patients who were treated in the orthopedics clinic.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Criterion sampling method, one of the purposive sampling methods, was used to reach the sample group. Interviews continued until data saturation was achieved. All interviews were recorded on a voice recorder after obtaining the necessary permissions and then transcribed. The data of the study were evaluated using thematic analysis. The study was conducted and reported according to the COREQ checklist.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the analysis of the data, three main themes (situations experienced before the surgical operation, feelings and thoughts about the operating room, and perioperative stress and thoughts about healthcare professionals) and seven sub-themes (mental, physical, social, emotions, thoughts, positive thoughts and negative thoughts) were identified.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>It was found that patients experienced many psychosocial difficulties, especially fear and anxiety, in the preoperative period. It can be said that the difficulties experienced are related to both the surgical process and the operating room environment and the communication and interaction of healthcare professionals. In this context, determining the fear and anxiety levels of patients in the preoperative process, providing standardized comprehensive trainings to patients in order to prevent different practices related to the surgical process, organizing in-service trainings to strengthen the communication skills of healthcare professionals are very important for the healthy management of the process and providing holistic nursing care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53468,"journal":{"name":"Perioperative Care and Operating Room Management","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100485"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143735216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic value of using electronic transporter applications for post-anesthesia care unit staffing decisions rather than manual logging of transport durations","authors":"Paul Cover,&nbsp;Franklin Dexter","doi":"10.1016/j.pcorm.2025.100486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pcorm.2025.100486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Recently, we used data from Epic's Rover Transport application to analyze patient discharges from a phase I post-anesthesia care unit (PACU). We perform a retrospective cohort study to analyze how and when to use transporter log data to appropriately balance Type I and Type II error rates in the context of PACU transporter staffing decision-making.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The Rover Transport app was used to track all PACU transports from July 2022 through April 2024, totaling 22,846 across 461 workdays. The total hours of PACU transport follow a trapezoidal pattern, with load increasing through the morning (08:00–11:59), plateauing in the afternoon and evening (12:00–15:59 and 16:00–19:59), and then decreasing at night (20:00–23:59). Each transporter spends approximately one hour per four-hour period transporting. To inform transporter staffing decisions from these data, pairwise comparisons were generated between each workday's “light” periods (08:00–11:59 vs 20:00–23:59) and “busy” periods (12:00–15:59 vs 16:00–19:59). The probability distribution of these pairwise comparisons were compared with normal distributions using Shapiro-Wilk tests and standardized normal probability plots. Then, for repeated statistical power analyses to guide PACU transporter staffing, Type II errors were considered at least as costly as Type I errors. Setting α = β = 0.05, we determined how many days of data were required to differentiate between the “light” periods (08:00–11:59 vs 20:00–23:59) and the “busy” periods (12:00–15:59 vs 16:00–19:59), using the minimum actionable difference of one hour per four-hour period.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both pairwise comparisons were normally distributed (Shapiro-Wilk <em>W</em> &gt; 0.99). At α=β=0.05, proper differentiation of hours of PACU transport workload between four-hour periods required total transport data from at least 18 out of every 100 workdays for the “light” four-hour periods, or 44 out of every 100 workdays for the “busy” four-hour periods. Relaxing the combined error rate to 0.15 reduced the day requirements to 36 and 15. Restricting the combined error rate to 0.02 required 80 and 32 days of data for comparison between “busy” and “light” four-hour periods respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The number of days of data needed for statistically powerful comparisons between four-hour period workloads are prohibitively large for manual collection. Therefore, hospitals not yet using the transport tracking capabilities in their electronic medical records for PACU transports will benefit from using them, even if only for the improved staffing decisions the data allows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53468,"journal":{"name":"Perioperative Care and Operating Room Management","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100486"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}