Vacunas最新文献

{"title":"To assess mortality from COVID-19 in patients with comorbidities, it is crucial to perform an autopsy","authors":"Josef Finsterer","doi":"10.1016/j.vacun.2023.06.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacun.2023.06.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53407,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41906920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacto de la vacunación en la mortalidad de adultos colombianos con síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda por SARS-CoV-2 que requirieron ventilación mecánica invasiva","authors":"Yina Daniela Benítez Patiño ,&nbsp;Luis Carlos Triana ,&nbsp;Oscar Mauricio Muñoz Velandia ,&nbsp;Viviana Yiset López Ramírez ,&nbsp;Laura María Niño Guerra ,&nbsp;Santiago Bottia Córdoba","doi":"10.1016/j.vacun.2023.07.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacun.2023.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Vaccination for SARS-CoV-2 made it possible to reduce severe cases that require invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and care in the ICU. However, its impact on severe disease is not clear. The objective was to assess whether adults with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia who required mechanical ventilation had a different clinical behavior in terms of mortality, depending on their vaccination status.</p></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><p>Retrospective cohort study, in adults with severe pneumonia due to SARS-CoV-2 requiring IMV and ICU. Clinical outcomes were evaluated according to vaccination status, controlling for comorbidities.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Two hundred patients (24% vaccinated, age 61 ± 13 years, men 68%) were analyzed. The vaccinated had lower CRP at admission, distension pressure and PEEP requirement for IMV. Mortality (43.8 vs 36.8%, p: 0.335), hospital stay, ICU stay, and time on IMV were similar between groups. Acute kidney injury and hemodialysis requirement (0 vs 9.2%, p: 0.03) were more frequent in the unvaccinated. There was no association between mortality and receiving at least one dose of vaccination (RR 1.21; CI 95% 0.829–1.774, p: 0.335).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Vaccination did not impact mortality. However, our data suggest that it may reduce the inflammatory state produced by the disease and the occurrence of acute kidney injury and the requirement for hemodialysis. Future studies will be required to assess the impact of the type of vaccine and/or the number of doses received.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53407,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92089700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of vaccination on the entire population and dose-response relation of COVID-19","authors":"Abdul Malek,&nbsp;Ashabul Hoque","doi":"10.1016/j.vacun.2023.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacun.2023.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The objective of this study is to develop a mathematical model for the COVID-19 pandemic including vaccination, the transmissibility of the virus-pathogen dose-response relationship, vaccine efficiency, and vaccination rate.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The Runge-Kutta (RK-45) method was applied to solve the proposed model with MATLAB code and the calculated results show the dynamics of the individuals in each compartment. The data of total death due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the case of the USA were collected from GitHub and the re-use of this data needs no ethical clearance. The control reproduction number was used to assess the dose-response relationship and critical vaccination coverage.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We have calculated the probability of infection and the infection risk against the different exposure doses and the virus copies, respectively. The results show that the probability of infection increases with the increasing exposure dose for certain virus copies and the risk of infection decreases with the increasing of virus copies for a certain exposure dose. The results also show that the critical vaccination coverage demands increase with an increase in transmission rate and decrease with increasing vaccine efficacy.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>It was seen that the critical vaccination coverage corresponding to an increased transmission rate rise sharply in the beginning and then reached a threshold. Moreover, the real data of the total death cases in the USA were compared with the fitted curved of the model which validated the proposed model. Vaccination against COVID-19 is essential to control the pandemic, and achieving high vaccine uptake in the population can reduce the pandemic as fast as possible.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53407,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10156990/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9720370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID vaccine: Social, menstrual and psychological aftermath","authors":"Swati Gupta ,&nbsp;Divya Rai ,&nbsp;Shipra Shukla","doi":"10.1016/j.vacun.2023.06.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacun.2023.06.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Beginning from the end of year 2019 till end of year 2021 the whole world has witnessed a calamity that shook every aspect of human life. Globally, countries were engrossed in developing the vaccine at the earliest. Several vaccines having Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) were distributed and administered, after assuring no severe adverse impact. However, certain side effects persist. These unforeseen outcomes led to vaccine hesitant behavior and even refusal to take a jab. In this context, the present study attempts to investigate the social, psychological and menstrual changes perceived after inoculation.</p></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><p>Cross-sectional observational study following the CHERRIES publication guidelines for the description of research results from web based surveys and questionnaires.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The study reveals that almost 40 % of the respondents have received some information relating to the impact that vaccine has on menstrual health and out of which almost 65% have received negative information. Moreover, 32% of the respondents were not very sure about the side effects or after effects of the vaccine. The inferential findings of this study suggest that COVID vaccine has affected the menstrual cycle<span>, particularly cycle length and volume. Majorly, the impact of vaccine was reported by those who have already suffered from past menstrual illnesses. However, age, geographical demography and the type of vaccine injected does not significantly impact the menstrual homeostasis.</span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Geographical demography of respondents have significant impact on their perceived psychological stress after the vaccination. This study shows the significance of gender-based trials of vaccines in the coming future so that these unforeseen physiological and psychological ailments can be evaded.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53407,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43580845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demographic and clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients admitted to a university hospital in the west of Iran: a retrospective study in the third wave","authors":"Younes Jesmani ,&nbsp;Arezoo Bozorgomid ,&nbsp;Fatemeh Khosravi Shadmani ,&nbsp;Ali Dehbani ,&nbsp;Babak Sayad","doi":"10.1016/j.vacun.2023.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacun.2023.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>COVID-19 is a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The characteristics of this infectious disease vary from a country to another and from one peak to the next. The aim of the present study was to describe the COVID-19 patients hospitalized in Kermanshah, a city in the west of Iran, in the third peak of the disease and to identify in-hospital mortality determinants in this disease.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this retrospective study, the clinical and demographic characteristics, laboratory findings, prescribed treatments and outcome of all COVID-19 patients (definitive, suspected, and probable) were collected from the medical records department of Farabi Hospital affiliated with Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran from 22 October to 20 November 2020.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In total, 665 COVID-19 patients (265 females and 400 males, mean age: 58.7 years) were enrolled, including 479 confirmed (72%), 156 probable (23.5%), and 30 suspected cases (4.5%). About 84% of the patients presented with low oxygen saturation levels. The most common comorbidities were hypertension (15%), diabetes (10%), and cardiovascular disease (3%). The median (IQR) length of hospital stay was 6 (4–8) and 7 (2–14) day in discharged and deceased patients, respectively. Eighty-two out of 655 patients admitted to the hospital and 39 of the 60 patients admitted to the ICU died. In total, in-hospital mortality rate was 12.33%. Regarding lab variables, in the adjusted model, no significant difference was observed between discharged and deceased patients.The results of multivariable logistic regression showed that each one-unit increase in oxygen saturation (SPO₂) increased the odds of survival by 0.88 times (95% CI 0.78–0.99, p = 0.043). Moreover, each one-day increase in the length of ICU stay reduced the odds of mortality by 0.49 times (95% CI 0.26–0.95, p = 0.035).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Hospitalized COVID-19 patients were generally more ill during the third peak so that about 85% of the patients had SPO₂ &lt; 93%. The in-hospital mortality rate was also high. Demographic and paraclinical variables (except SPO₂ level) were not suitable predictors of mortality.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53407,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9922569/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9352557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vacunación en el paciente respiratorio adulto, ¿bailamos?","authors":"Felipe Villar-Álvarez ,&nbsp;David de la Rosa-Carrillo ,&nbsp;Fernando Fariñas-Guerrero","doi":"10.1016/j.vacun.2023.04.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacun.2023.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53407,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49728280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The conjugation of serotype 31 pneumococcal polysaccharide and CRM197 in N,N-dimethylformamide","authors":"Chengli Zong,&nbsp;Hongzhao Mao,&nbsp;Huiting Li,&nbsp;Shiyan Mai","doi":"10.1016/j.vacun.2023.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacun.2023.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Traditionally, PCV (pneumococcal conjugate vaccine) was prepared by the coupling of aldehyde-activated polysaccharide, with a </span>carrier protein<span><span><span> via NaCNBH3 (sodium cyanoborohydride) mediated reductive amination in water. However, the reaction is very slow and may take up to several days, which is a significant burden for pharmaceutical companies. Here we report the detailed reaction process of the reductive amination of structurally reassigned </span>serotype<span> 31 polysaccharide and cross reacting material (CRM197) in an organic solvent (N,N-dimethylformamide, DMF) by using STAB (sodium triacetoxyborohydride). The product has been characterized by size exclusion chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance and </span></span>transmission electron microscopy<span>. Compared with the traditional method, the reaction can finish within hours and elicited a comparable immune response. The new strategy has the potential of being applied in the preparation of next-generation polysaccharide conjugate vaccines.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":53407,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42968827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The status of COVID-19 vaccines in India: A review","authors":"Deepak Kumar Jha ,&nbsp;Kumar Pranay ,&nbsp;Samiksha ,&nbsp;Amit Kumar ,&nbsp;Niti Yashvardhini","doi":"10.1016/j.vacun.2023.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacun.2023.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, an etiologic agent of the COVID-19 pandemic disease in late December 2019 has left the whole world aghast with huge health and economic losses. Due to a lack of specific knowledge and understanding at the initial stages, an unprecedented rise in COVID-19 cases has been recorded globally. Various preventive measures and strategies were implemented, however, for the radical control of SARS-CoV-2 infections; it seems that the only effective way to control the ongoing infections is large-scale vaccination. So far, WHO has approved 11 vaccines for emergency use namely Pfizer/BioNTech, Oxford/Astra Zeneca, Johnson and Johnson, Moderna, Covilo, Novavax, Covovax, Spikevax, Can Sino, Comirnaty, and Coronavac while five other needs approval. The worldwide vaccination dataset reveals that 65.7% of the world population has received their first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. As a consequence of the proactive implementation of India's vaccination program, a historical milestone of administering over 1.9 billion doses of COVID-19 vaccines have been achieved on 19th May 2022. This review summarizes the different types of traditional and modern vaccine designing strategies with an emphasis on COVID-19. Moreover, the review highlights the status of vaccines for COVID-19 approved in India which includes both indigenous and non-indigenous vaccines. The present article also encompasses vaccine designing and developmental strategies, efficacy, safety profile and usage among the population, and the efficacy of modern vaccines over traditional ones.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53407,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10126226/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9708165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An immunoinformatics approach to study the epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 helicase, Nsp13","authors":"Sushant Kumar,&nbsp;Khushboo Kumari,&nbsp;Gajendra Kumar Azad","doi":"10.1016/j.vacun.2023.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacun.2023.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction and objective</h3><p>Vaccines are administered worldwide to control on-going coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. Vaccine efficacy is largely contributed by the epitopes present on the viral proteins and their alteration might help emerging variants to escape host immune surveillance. Therefore, this study was designed to study SARS-CoV-2 Nsp13 protein, its epitopes and evolution.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Clustal Omega was used to identify mutations in Nsp13 protein. Secondary structure and disorder score was predicted by CFSSP and PONDR-VSL2 webservers. Protein stability was predicted by DynaMut webserver. B cell epitopes were predicted by IEDB DiscoTope 2.0 tools and their 3D structures were represented by discovery studio. Antigenicity and allergenicity of epitopes were predicted by Vaxijen2.0 and AllergenFPv.1.0. Physiochemical properties of epitopes were predicted by Toxinpred, HLP webserver tool.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Our data revealed 182 mutations in Nsp13 among Indian SARS-CoV-2 isolates, which were characterised by secondary structure and per-residue disorderness, stability and dynamicity predictions. To correlate the functional impact of these mutations, we characterised the most prominent B cell and T cell epitopes contributed by Nsp13. Our data revealed twenty-one epitopes, which exhibited antigenicity, stability and interactions with MHC class-I and class-II molecules. Subsequently, the physiochemical properties of these epitopes were analysed. Furthermore, eighteen mutations reside in these Nsp13 epitopes.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>We report appearance of eighteen mutations in the predicted twenty-one epitopes of Nsp13. Among these, at least seven epitopes closely matches with the functionally validated epitopes. Altogether, our study shows the pattern of evolution of Nsp13 epitopes and their probable implications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53407,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9977615/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9715066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacto de la vacunación contra SARS-CoV-2 en la incidencia de infección en ámbito escolar","authors":"María Teresa Herrero-Diez ,&nbsp;María Inés Salado-Valdivieso ,&nbsp;Sara Carbajal-Domínguez ,&nbsp;Marta Allué-Tango ,&nbsp;Juan Carlos Villa-Caballero ,&nbsp;Clara Berbel-Hernández","doi":"10.1016/j.vacun.2023.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacun.2023.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic affected the school-aged population because of the disease itself and due to the measures applied for prevention and control of the infection. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of population-based vaccination against COVID-19 on the incidence of infection in school settings.</p></div><div><h3>Material and Methods</h3><p>A retrospective descriptive study of COVID-19 cases and school outbreaks was carried out at the province level. Students, teachers and staff from different educational stages of the schools were included. The outcome measure was the incidence according to educational stage, case profile and clinic during the first of the academic year 2020/2021 versus the same period 2021/2022.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The total incidence of SARS-CoV-2 in classrooms was 2,470 cases per 100,000 population in the first trimester of the academic year 2020/2021 and 2,720 cases per 100,000 population in the same period 2021/2022. The number of reported school outbreaks was 7 times higher in this second period; and the risk of infection in classrooms over 12 years of age (students and teachers) was reduced by 43.1% (vaccinated in high percentage).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study shows a reduction in transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection in students of higher educational stages (secondary and high school) during the first of the academic year 2021/2022 (group with high vaccination coverage at the beginning of the period) compared to the previous school year (without vaccination).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53407,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49758292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}