{"title":"Flexural Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Beams using Ferrocement Laminates with Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate by Steel Slag","authors":"J. Sridhar, R. Malathy, R. Sangeetha","doi":"10.4103/0976-8580.141205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-8580.141205","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the investigation report of flexural behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened with ferrocement laminates using steel slag from the steel industry as a partial replacement material for fine aggregate. The parameter varied in this study includes volume fraction of mesh reinforcement 1.88% and 2.35% and percentage replacement of steel slag (0% and 30%) to fine aggregate in ferrocement laminate. For experimental investigation, five RC beams of size 1220 mm × 100 mm × 150 mm and four ferrocement laminates of size 1220 mm × 100 mm × 25 mm with different parameters were cast. Four beams were strengthened with ferrocement laminates using the epoxy resin as a bonding agent. One control specimen and four strengthened beams were subjected to flexural test under two-point loading. The observations were focused on first crack load, ultimate load and mid span deflection. From the investigation result, it was concluded that the beams strengthened with ferrocement having a volume fraction of 2.35% and 30% replacement of steel slag increases the load carrying capacity significantly under flexural load. Furthermore, other mechanical properties such as ductility and energy absorption capacity were found to be increased for specimens with 2.35% of volume fraction of mesh reinforcement and 30% of steel slag replacement.","PeriodicalId":53400,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Engineering Technology","volume":"53 1","pages":"123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84496053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modeling and Optimization of Die Casting Process for ZAMAK Alloy","authors":"Satpal Sharma","doi":"10.4103/0976-8580.141176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-8580.141176","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the following study was to evaluate the effect of injection pressure of the molten metal, hydraulic pressure, temperature of the molten metal and the cooling time on the dimensional stability of the lock assembly of two wheelers. The material of the lock assembly was ZAMAK 3 (zinc, aluminum, magnesium, and copper) alloy. The lock assembly was produced by die casting process. In order to study the effect the process parameters such as injection pressure of the molten metal, hydraulic pressure, temperature of the molten metal and the cooling time, RSM (response surface methodology) with face center design was used. The experiments were carried out randomly according to design matrix. Three responses (shutter width, shutter thickness and shutter hinge length) were used for study. The RSM model was developed for each response. Analysis of variance for each response was also carried out to find out the significant factors and their interactions. Finally, optimization was carried out and the optimized input parameters were validated by conducting experiments at the optimum input parameters. The modeled and experimental results were compared and an error of 2-8% was observed.","PeriodicalId":53400,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Engineering Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":"87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88157696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of CeO 2 Addition on Wear Behavior of Flame Sprayed Coatings","authors":"Satpal Sharma","doi":"10.4103/0976-8580.141214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-8580.141214","url":null,"abstract":"MEC 1240A Ni base alloys are being widely used to improve the wear resistance of various industrial components in high temperature and in corrosive environment. Addition of rare earth elements like CeO 2 further improves the wear, corrosion, and oxidation resistance of these alloys. In the present work, commercially available Ni base powder (MEC 1240 A) was modified with the optimum addition of rare earth element CeO 2 . Rare earth addition refines microstructure and increases hardness of the coatings. Abrasive wear of rare earth modified flame sprayed coating, and the effect of load, abrasive size, and sliding speed on abrasive wear of these coatings was investigated by Response Surface Methodology (RSM). For this purpose, three factors load (L), abrasive size (A) (size in ΅m), and sliding speed (S) (m/ min) with three levels of each factor were used for investigation. Analysis of variance was carried out to determine the significant factors and interactions. Investigation showed that the load, abrasive size, and sliding speed were the main significant factors, while load and abrasive size, load and sliding speed, abrasive size, and sliding speed were the main significant interactions. The interaction effects are one order less than the main factor effects. Thus, an abrasive wear model was developed in terms of main factors and their significant interactions. The validity of the model was evaluated by conducting experiments under different wear conditions. A comparison of modeled and experimental results showed 2-7% error.","PeriodicalId":53400,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Engineering Technology","volume":"16 1","pages":"141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80981238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Facility layout selection guideline under dynamic demand and part variety","authors":"J. Ramachandran, P. Prasad","doi":"10.4103/0976-8580.123806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-8580.123806","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53400,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Engineering Technology","volume":"2 1","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80989591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Corrosion and Leaching Studies in Blended Copper Slag Mortar","authors":"V. Saraswathy, S. Karthick, S. Muralidharan","doi":"10.4103/0976-8580.123801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-8580.123801","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of copper slag leaching was evaluated using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) immersed in three aqueous media such as tap water, sea water, and synthetic/artificial rain water. The mechanical and corrosion resistance properties of copper slag admixed concrete was evaluated using compression test and various electrochemical tests, respectively. Sand was totally replaced with copper slag in making the concrete specimens. From the investigations it is observed that the copper slag leaching was found to be very less even after 180 days of exposure in aqueous media. Compressive strength revealed that the addition of copper slag increased the compressive strength of the concrete. Rapid Chloride Penetration Test (RCPT) and other electrochemical tests indicated that copper slag admixed mortar performed equal to the sand mortar in sea water environments.","PeriodicalId":53400,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Engineering Technology","volume":"163 1","pages":"29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80298910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Classification of power quality disturbances using minimum entropy and feed forward back propagation neural network approach","authors":"R. Rajkamal, P. Ranjan","doi":"10.4103/0976-8580.123804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-8580.123804","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53400,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Engineering Technology","volume":"18 1","pages":"48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74694146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Finite element analysis of CFST members externally strengthened by CFRP composites under flexure","authors":"G. Prabhu, M. C. Sundarraja","doi":"10.4103/0976-8580.123803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-8580.123803","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53400,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Engineering Technology","volume":"70 1","pages":"38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89353890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Residual energy based rebroadcast and overhearing reduction for energy efficient communication in mobile ad-hoc network","authors":"V. Bhanumathi, R. Dhanasekaran","doi":"10.4103/0976-8580.123799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-8580.123799","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53400,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Engineering Technology","volume":"329 1","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76569064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design and development of energy efficient submersible switched reluctance motor","authors":"M. Sundaram, P. Navaneethan, T. kumar","doi":"10.4103/0976-8580.123800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-8580.123800","url":null,"abstract":"Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) has recently been gaining attention as a contender in the drives industry. With increased requirements for higher energy efficiency of electrical drive systems and an increased use of electrical drives in pump applications a more accurate prediction of the behavior of electrical (efficient and economical) machines is necessary. Switched Reluctance (SR) Machines, Owing to a rigid structure, fault resilient performance, robustness to harsh operational conditions and the absence of magnetic source on the rotor or squirrel cage; a SR machine is inherently robust and cost-effective over a wide range of speed. SRM provides remarkably constant and flat efficiency under varying load maintained for torque values down to low levels with simple control circuit than vector controlled induction motor (IM) and variable frequency drive. In this paper, 4-phase 3-HP, 220 V submersible SRM is designed using rotational machine expert and fabricated for submersible pump application. A comparison study with existing 3-HP IM coupled with same pump under various discharge is implemented.","PeriodicalId":53400,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Engineering Technology","volume":"2 1","pages":"70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83552572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A computerized and on-line super twisting speed control of alternating current asynchronous machine using omron V1000® Drive","authors":"Esmaeil Salahshour, A. R. Noei, M. Malekzadeh","doi":"10.4103/0976-8580.123796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-8580.123796","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53400,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Engineering Technology","volume":"41 1","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4103/0976-8580.123796","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72527027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}