Revista Romana de Boli Infectioase最新文献

{"title":"Viral hepatitis B in pregnancy: A review of its burden, vertical transmission and neonatal prophylaxis","authors":"Ana Maria Huszti, N. Gică, R. Botezatu, Mihaela Demetrian, A. Ciobanu, B. Cimpoca-Raptis, C. Gică, G. Peltecu, A. Panaitescu","doi":"10.37897/rjid.2021.s.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37897/rjid.2021.s.2","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic hepatitis B infection represents a high society burden due to its high morbidity and mortality rate, especially infections acquired by vertical transmission. This review’s purpose is to update information regarding acute and chronic evolution and management of hepatitis B during pregnancy, vertical transmission, and prophylaxis of HBV infection. The database of PubMed was searched for literature reviews, guidelines, and research articles in English, regarding pregnancy and HBV infection from 2015 to October 2021. Pregnancy may have a serious impact on the natural evolution of chronic HBV in cases of advanced disease or liver fibrosis. Management of these patients include periodical monitoring and antiviral therapy during pregnancy. Alanine amino transferase (ALT) flares can occur during pregnancy or more often after birth, being related to the specific immune changes in pregnant women. The most important impact of HBV infection on pregnancy outcomes is represented by vertical transmission. Almost 90% of the infants infected at birth will develop chronic HBV infection out of which 25-40% will develop specific complications. Almost 9% of the newborns of positive HBsAg mothers acquire HBV infection despite standard immunoprophylaxis with hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immune globulin. Failure of immunoprophylaxis can have a higher rate due to elevated levels of HBV DNA during pregnancy, that can be lowered by prophylactic antiviral administration from 28-32 weeks, during pregnancy. Screening every pregnant woman for HBsAg is a good practice measure, which should be standard, among the universal hepatitis B vaccination, in order to achieve a reduction of HBV infection prevalence.","PeriodicalId":53394,"journal":{"name":"Revista Romana de Boli Infectioase","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44686703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, do not forget other infectious diseases of pregnancy","authors":"A. Panaitescu","doi":"10.37897/rjid.2021.s.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37897/rjid.2021.s.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53394,"journal":{"name":"Revista Romana de Boli Infectioase","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70136785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulmonary cavitation – an unexpected finding in late stage COVID-19 pneumonia (case report)","authors":"Andra Roxana Petrovici, Georgeta Popovici, M. Arbune","doi":"10.37897/rjid.2021.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37897/rjid.2021.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"The typical CT features of COVID-19 pneumonia include multifocal and bilateral ground-glass opacities with or without consolidation, found in both lungs, predominantly at peripheral, and posterior regions, bronchovascular thickening, crazy pavement appearance (ground-glass opacities with superimposed interlobular septal thickening). Atypical imagistic findings such as lung cavitation were rarely reported. In this report we describe the case of a 42 years old, healthy man with severe COVID-19 pneumonia who developed two pulmonary cavities during recovery. The pulmonary cavitations formed in the aria of the lung where patchy air space opacification was seen in early stages. There were no signs of invasive fungal or bacterial infection and the complementary investigations have ruled out other possible etiology for lung cavitation. Although the pathophysiological mechanism involved in the origin of the pulmonary cavities is not fully known, it could be closely related to diffuse alveolar damage in severe COVID-19 pneumonia.","PeriodicalId":53394,"journal":{"name":"Revista Romana de Boli Infectioase","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43454771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 in a child with multiple comorbidities","authors":"Elena-Cristina Sandu, G. Vancea, Nicoleta Voicu-Pârvu, D. Ispas, Gabriela Scurtu, Nicoleta Tudor, A. Stoenescu, C. Chirilă, R. Popescu, S. Florescu, E. Ceaușu","doi":"10.37897/rjid.2021.3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37897/rjid.2021.3.6","url":null,"abstract":"A female child, 1 year-old and 2 months, diagnosed with multiple neurological conditions, including myelomeningocele and operated hydrocephalus, was diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 in October 2020 and hospitalized in our clinic. At the time of the onset of the disease, the patient had a febrile episode, laboratory blood tests showed a slightly increased biological inflammatory syndrome, and mixed pneumonia was described radiologically. Thus, antibiotic treatment was initiated, with laboratory tests and control imaging within normal limits after several days of admission. Being an institutionalized child, according to the epidemiological recommendations of that time, she was hospitalized in our clinic during the 14 days of the illness. Thus, on the 15th day of the disease she was discharged, with negative SARS-CoV-2 control RT-PCR, with good general condition, afebrile over 10 days.","PeriodicalId":53394,"journal":{"name":"Revista Romana de Boli Infectioase","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47200706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Otitis with Aspergillus niger in a patient with SARS-CoV-2 and multiple comorbidities","authors":"A. Stoenescu, G. Vancea, D. Ispas, Nicoleta Voicu-Pârvu, Nicoleta Tudor, Gabriela Precup, Gabriela Scurtu, S. Pișcu, Andreea Popică, Raluca Bontea, C. Chirilă, E. Sandu, D. Potarniche, Octavian Tăbăcaru, Daniela Mischie, A. Toderan, E. Ceaușu","doi":"10.37897/rjid.2021.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37897/rjid.2021.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. COVID-19 is associated with a significant incidence of bacterial and fungal superinfections and with the exacerbation of pre-existing infections, representing a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Case presentation. A 64-year-old woman, confirmed with COVID-19 by the SARS-CoV-2 antigen test, is hospitalized accusing fatigue, nausea, watery stools, cough and vertigo started 10 days ago, aggravated 4 days before the presentation. It also reports recurrent episodes of otalgia and otorrheic pluriantibiotic treatment in the last 2 months. From the personal pathological antecedents we remember: hypothyroidism, dyslipidemia, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and secondary pulmonary thromboembolism, in chronic anticoagulant treatment. Pathological clinical signs at admission: bilateral basal crackling rales. Biologically, inflammatory syndrome is detected, and radiologically, interstitial-alveolar infiltrates in the lower lung fields. On day 3 of hospitalization, the patient shows purulent secretion in the right external auditory canal and the ENT consultation confirms chronic suppurative otitis media in acute onset. Bacteriological examination of otic secretion reveals Aspergillus niger. Antiviral treatment with Remdesivir is initiated, antibiotic therapy initiated at home with Azithromycin is continued for one day, then escalated to Ceftriaxone i.v. (in the context of clinical-paraclinical aggravation), systemic corticotherapy, anticoagulation with Dalteparin in the prophylactic regime of DVT, systemic treatment with Voriconazole p.o. (according to the antifungal program) and topical (local) with a slow favorable evolution. Conclusions. The association of COVID-19 with otitis with Aspergillus is a rare and particular clinical picture.","PeriodicalId":53394,"journal":{"name":"Revista Romana de Boli Infectioase","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45653046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection in a child with Fanconi anemia and determined immunosuppressed status","authors":"C. Chirilă, G. Vancea, D. Ispas, Nicoleta Voicu-Pârvu, Nicoleta Tudor, Gabriela Scurtu, A. Stoenescu, Andreea Popică, R. Popescu, E. Ceaușu, S. Florescu","doi":"10.37897/rjid.2021.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37897/rjid.2021.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. SARS-CoV-2 virus infection affects all age groups. In children, the infection mainly causes asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic forms of the disease, regardless of their immune status. Case presentation. We describe the case of a 7-year-old male child, known to have Fanconi anemia, scheduled for bone marrow transplantation. The patient comes from a family outbreak of COVID-19, which is why he was tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection. He is asymptomatic at the time of admission to our clinic. The clinical examination performed at the time of admission shows a patient in good general condition, afebrile, with pale skin and mucous membranes, without respiratory changes. Paraclinically, severe neutropenia, severe normochromic normocytic anemia and severe thrombocytopenia are detected, for which transfusions of erythrocyte mass and platelet mass are performed. Due to the immunocompromised status, antibiotic therapy is instituted. If necessary, symptomatic treatment is administered. The evolution is favorable, and the SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR control test is negative on the eighth day of hospitalization. Conclusions. Immunocompromised status is not a major risk factor for severe COVID-19 in children.","PeriodicalId":53394,"journal":{"name":"Revista Romana de Boli Infectioase","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49027173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antithrombotic treatment in COVID-19 – from theory to practical approach","authors":"Ionela-Larisa Miftode, Angela-Maria Moloce, R. Miftode, V. Onofrei","doi":"10.37897/rjid.2021.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37897/rjid.2021.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"Although initially considered a strictly respiratory pathology, the novel coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has emerged as a significant prothrombotic trigger, inducing hypercoagulable status and increased risk of thrombotic events. This is due to a plethora of mechanisms, either from inflammation-induced endothelial dysfunction, overexpression of procoagulant molecules doubled by down-regulation of physiological antithrombotic pathways, or from an exagerated response to otherwise normal procoagulant stimuli. This complex association of factors define the concept of immunothrombosis, which can be influenced by several antithrombotic medications. Despite the lack of an „universal” guideline, the general consensus is to recommend antithrombotic treatment in COVID-19 patients, but its administration should take into account the patient’s clinical status, comorbidities or the other previous indications for antithrombotic treatment. This precaution is due to the multiple drug interactions with antivirals or other molecules used in COVID-19. Concerning anticoagulant treatment, heparins are the optimal choice, compared to antivitamins K and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), because they exhibit the most protective effects doubled by the least interactions with other substances. Hospitalized patients should receive prophylactic doses of anticoagulation, but not for the prevention of arterial thrombosis, unless they have a previous indication such as atrial fibrillation or prosthetic valve. It is generally recommended that patients on chronic anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy for other conditions will continue their prescribed medication, here including special categories such as pregnant women. However, non-hospitalized patients with mild forms of the disease should not be initiated anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy unless they have other indication. Continuation of prophylaxis after discharge is a matter of debate, the existing data suggesting it may be considered in those patients at high risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE) and/or who had a moderate-severe form of the disease, always assessing the bleeding risk. Further data from extensive studies are required in order to standardize the antithrombotic approach in COVID-19 patients.","PeriodicalId":53394,"journal":{"name":"Revista Romana de Boli Infectioase","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44790061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pancytopenia and Kaposi sarcoma indicators of HIV infection diagnosis: A case report","authors":"Monica Padurariu-Covit, Gabriela Lupășteanu, M. Arbune","doi":"10.37897/rjid.2021.3.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37897/rjid.2021.3.7","url":null,"abstract":"During HIV infection, hematological manifestations are frequently associated with various pathogenic mechanisms, which require a multidisciplinary approach. We present the case of a 57-year-old patient with pancytopenia associated with Kaposi's sarcoma, as indicative manifestations of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The late diagnosis of HIV infection, in the stage of severe immunosuppression, the association of opportunistic neoplasia, delayed oncological therapy and the development of immune reconstruction syndrome after starting antiretroviral therapy have contributed to the severe evolution and death of the patient.","PeriodicalId":53394,"journal":{"name":"Revista Romana de Boli Infectioase","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48730925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GROUP B STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS DURING PREGNANCY AND PERINATAL CONSEQUENCES: WHAT DO WE NEED TO DETERMINE MORE THAN A BACTERIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS?","authors":"A. Simionescu, B. Pharmacy, A. Stănescu","doi":"10.37897/rjid.2021.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37897/rjid.2021.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Group B of streptococcal infection is responsible for maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Fetal consequences of streptococcal B infection may lead to puerperal sepsis, meningitis, encephalitis or pneumonia. Long-term consequences may determine neurological sequelae and mental disabilities, and very rare are reported cases for the late death of the child. Maternal consequences of streptococcal B infection are endometritis and sepsis. Universal screening and antibioprophylaxy during labour are safe and effective. But, systematic intrapartum prophylaxis for carriers of SGB does not appear to have effects on long-term complications. Also, systematic cultures in neonates do not appear to detect antenatally all carriers of streptococcus B. Herein, we present the particularity of streptococcal infection in pregnancy that may contribute to further strategy. Better laboratory tests for identifying serotypes, genotypes and phenotypes must be available, significantly to differentiate between dtreptococcal high- and low-risk regarding materno-fetal consequences.Immunization remains a promising way to eradicate this infection.","PeriodicalId":53394,"journal":{"name":"Revista Romana de Boli Infectioase","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47000290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HEPATITIS B: KNOWLEDGE, AWARENESS, VACCINATION AND SEROLOGICAL STATUS OF VOCATIONAL SCHOOL OF HEALTH SERVICES STUDENTS AT A STATE UNIVERSITY IN TURKEY","authors":"D. Aydemir","doi":"10.37897/rjid.2021.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37897/rjid.2021.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. In this study, the aim is to evaluate the knowledge level about hepatitis B (HBV) of the students receiving education in vocational school of health services, who are a risky group for HBV infection, and to examine their awareness and immune status. Material and methods. The data of this research was collected by a questionnaire prepared by the researcher. The sample in the study consisted of 537 (81.4%) students. The data were evaluated using the SPSS 16.0 package program. Frequency, percentage, Pearson chi-square and Fisher's exact test was used in the analyzation of the data. Outcomes and conclusions. It was determined that the students who participated in the research did not show sufficient sensitivity to get vaccinated against HBV and to know their serological status. It was also identified that they had a lack of knowledge and/or did not have clear information about the modes of transmission of HBV, its treatment, and that HBV may cause cirrhosis. The results of this research will guide students in the trainings to be given in order to raise their awareness on this subject and to ensure that they are immunized before they start working and have practical training in the field of healthcare.","PeriodicalId":53394,"journal":{"name":"Revista Romana de Boli Infectioase","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45845174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}