Biznes Inform最新文献

{"title":"Formation of Local Budgets Revenues in the EU Member States","authors":"Maksym Yu. Karpenko","doi":"10.32983/2222-4459-2023-8-53-64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2023-8-53-64","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to generalize and systematize the experience of formation of local budget revenues in the EU Member States. It is determined that the average value of the ratio of local budget revenues to GDP in 27 EU Member States for the period 2001–2022 is 12.24%, but the range of values of this indicator varies significantly by country. Thus, in island countries, such as Malta and Cyprus, this ratio is 0.58% and 1.69%, respectively, while in Denmark it constitutes 33.67%. Transfers have the highest fiscal significance in the structure of budget revenues of local budgets, followed by tax revenues. Tax revenues of local budgets include the category of local taxes and fees, as well as split revenues from national taxes (shared taxes). The category of the latter includes personal income tax and corporate tax. The article computes the degree of budgetary decentralization in the sphere of income in the EU countries. The most decentralized in terms of income are the Nordic countries, as well as countries with a three-tier budget system. In the sample of Central European countries that are members of the EU, the highest level of decentralization display the Czech Republic and Poland. The main source of tax revenues for local budgets is property taxes. The key advantages of including these taxes in the local ones are the immobility of the tax base, as well as the greater awareness of local authorities compared to the central authorities regarding the property status of residents of the territorial community, so it is a logical step that local authorities, in the vast majority of cases, set tax rates and determine tax benefits. It is found that in the EU Member States, in the vast majority of cases, two classic real estate objects – land and buildings – are taxed at the same time. However, in some cases, only land can be taxed – this practice is present, for example, in Estonia and Denmark, and in Lithuania, the Netherlands and Ireland, the object of taxation is buildings located on land plots, and the land itself is not subject to such taxation. The directions of increasing the fiscal efficiency of property taxes are substantiated.","PeriodicalId":53291,"journal":{"name":"Biznes Inform","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135908014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food Security in the Context of the «Perfect Storm» in the Global Economy","authors":"Ganna V. Duginets, Oleksander V. Generalov, Yaroslav I. Verba","doi":"10.32983/2222-4459-2023-8-6-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2023-8-6-15","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the full-scale Russian invasion on February 24, 2022 and the ongoing war on Ukraine increased food security vulnerabilities around the world, creating new problems for the already volatile markets of the post-pandemic period. The purpose of the study is to examine the impact of the «perfect storm» in the global economy on food security and identify directions for mitigating the emerging threats. It is proved that the existing food security crisis is caused by many factors, and there is also a need to restore global reserves. This process would be significantly accelerated if Ukraine were able to resume its role in the global food market. However, the war goes on, which continues to have a negative impact on production and generates uncertainty about food security. According to the results of the carried out analysis, it is determined that the interaction of international organizations in the field of food security and government agencies is a very important factor in solving issues of stabilizing the level of food security. Certainly, not all potential threats can be predicted if they are natural, geopolitical or of economic nature, but the interaction of FAO and similar organizations with analytical associations can contribute to a partial solution to this problem. It is substantiated that the transformation of the food sector should be inclusive, ensuring the active involvement of all its actors (for example, governments, international organizations, companies, farmers, etc.) in the development and implementation of targeted measures. In addition, this transformation is connected with the implementation of policies that reduce dependence on several exporting countries and replace corn and wheat with local crops, as well as the development of domestic food systems aimed at creating a network of short supply chains based on seasonal products. This will make it possible to mitigate the risks of food security in the global economy in the medium term.","PeriodicalId":53291,"journal":{"name":"Biznes Inform","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135908016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Current State of the U.S. Foreign Debt","authors":"Nataliia А. Galutskykh, Iryna L. Didorchuk, Yelyzaveta L. Koshkarova, Olena А. Shuba, Alina V. Takhtaulova","doi":"10.32983/2222-4459-2023-8-43-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2023-8-43-53","url":null,"abstract":"In recent decades, the world economy is characterized by a constant increase in external debt of almost all countries of the world (the only exceptions are those countries to which investors and creditors have no confidence), which exacerbates the problem of world debt and the interdependence of creditor countries and debtor countries. The article is aimed at analyzing the current state of foreign debt of the United States as a country that still has an impeccable credit history and high credit ratings, and at the same time in many publications is considered as a potential threat to the whole world in case of default. During the studied period (70 years), the U.S. external debt has been constantly growing, and the trend analysis conducted in the work indicates that this growth will continue in the medium term. The U.S. foreign debt in absolute terms is the largest in the world, having almost doubled over the past 10 years. At the same time, among the countries that have the highest ratio of total public debt to GDP, the United States ranks only fifth, because the USA have the largest GDP in the world. Among the main reasons for such a significant public debt, analysts point out the world’s largest military budget, significant tax cuts in recent years and significant costs to overcome the consequences of COVID-19. Due to the high level of GDP, high credit ratings and the status of a reserve currency in the U.S. dollar, the U.S. government securities are attractive to investors. Central banks of other countries, pension, insurance and investment funds still have a sufficient level of confidence in the United States and invest financial resources in debt securities of the U.S. government. The prospects for the U.S. foreign debt depend on the ability of the Federal Reserve System (FRS) to find solutions to domestic problems, among which the most acute are rising inflation and reducing household spending. A U.S. default is considered extremely unlikely, but in case of its announcement, it would have serious consequences for the global economy, creating uncertainty not only for the U.S. economy, but also for global financial stability. A default on the U.S. external obligations would result in a downgrade of the U.S. credit rating, which would cause significant volatility in the global stock market, a drop in stock indices and an increase in the cost of borrowing, which, in turn, would significantly reduce the ability of businesses and households to obtain loans. The fall of the U.S. dollar, which will result from the announced default, will cause commodity prices, including oil, to rise, leading to higher inflation globally. There will also be problems with supply chains in international trade.","PeriodicalId":53291,"journal":{"name":"Biznes Inform","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135908021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk-Oriented Management in the System of Economic Security of a Corporate Enterprise","authors":"Larisa L. Hrytsenko, Iryna O. Kozhushko, Viktoriia O. Chepurko, Hryhorii B. Perepelitsyn","doi":"10.32983/2222-4459-2023-8-281-288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2023-8-281-288","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the actual topic of ensuring the economic security of domestic enterprises in a dynamic and unpredictable environment. In order to determine a possible way for economic entities to predict and counteract the negative impact of risks, the concept of economic security of the economic entity and its main constituent elements were studied and the most important functions were also highlighted. The methodological principles of managing the economic security of the enterprise and risk management are compared, taking into account that the methodological principles of risk-oriented management in the process of ensuring the economic security of the enterprise have been developed. The developed conception includes, in particular, the coverage of all types of economic entity activity, balance, complexity and continuity. A process of the integration of risk-oriented management into the system of economic security of the enterprise and the main tasks in each of the stages are presented. It is determined that this process becomes effective only under the condition of continuous analysis of the system and monitoring of the main objects of the internal and external environment. In addition, the authors identified a number of limitations that arise in the process of integrating risk-oriented management into the economic security system of the enterprise. The main measures aimed at improving the efficiency of risk-oriented management are proposed. The theoretical value of the conducted research lies in the expansion of scientific views on risk-oriented management of the enterprise’s economic security system. The practical value lies in the formation of recommendations on the integration of risk-oriented management of economic security into the general hierarchical system of enterprise management in order to ensure the stability of functioning in the conditions of a dynamic external environment. We consider it appropriate to direct further research into the development of methodical approaches to assessing the efficiency of risk-oriented management of the enterprise’s economic security system","PeriodicalId":53291,"journal":{"name":"Biznes Inform","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135911377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Global Experience of Setting up and Developing a System of Public Administration of Digitization Processes: The Institutional Basis and Resource Provision","authors":"Roman V. Shchupakivskyi","doi":"10.32983/2222-4459-2023-9-26-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2023-9-26-31","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to generalize the global experience of setting up and developing a system of public administration of digitalization processes, focusing on the institutional basis and resource provision. Analyzing, systematizing and summarizing the scientific works of numerous scholars, also taking into account the dynamic trends of deepening globalization and neo-industrialization, conclusions are drawn about the constant development and active use of new mechanisms and means by highly developed countries in the implementation of digital transformation of the economy. As a result of the study, it was found that the system of public management of digitalization processes is built in accordance with the established institutional basis (existing regulatory framework; adopted strategies, target programs, conceptions, projects). On the example of numerous highly developed countries, the progressive spread of e-government in the system of public regulation of the digital transformation of the economy is underlined, which provides for the transfer of a number of administrative services to the information and communication format, the creation of a system of electronic interaction of public authorities, the formation of digital platforms for communication of the regular people, business, and the State institutions. It is emphasized that despite the absence of separate bodies in the system of the State power, some countries create non-government institutions to organize the digital transformation of the economy. It is proved that an important structural component of the national policy of digitalization is resource provision, and first of all, the accumulation of financial and investment resources through investment funds (agencies), banking structures, credit organizations, and other institutions. The priority object of the State policy for the development of the digital economy sector is considered to be institutional and infrastructural support. In this context, an important role of research structures in the development of digitalization of the economy is highlighted. Prospects for further research in this direction should be considered to determine, in accordance with the successful experience of highly developed countries, other priority areas of public regulation of the digital economy sector, taking into account organizational, economic, technological, and other features of digital development.","PeriodicalId":53291,"journal":{"name":"Biznes Inform","volume":"273 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135507337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"European Experience in the Formation and Implementation of Youth Policy in the Context of Social Protection, Youth Development, and Preservation of Human Potential","authors":"Mariana I. Melnyk, Iryna V. Leshchukh","doi":"10.32983/2222-4459-2023-9-32-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2023-9-32-40","url":null,"abstract":"The article studies the European experience of formation and implementation of youth policy in the context of social protection, youth development, and preservation of human potential on the example of the Nordic countries (Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Iceland, Finland, Great Britain, and the Baltic countries). The common features of the youth policy of the studied countries are revealed as follows: the inter-sectoral nature of youth policy; multi-aspectivity in substantiating the strategic objectives of youth policy; decentralization of the administration system; observance of parity between the State and the civil society structures; focus on strengthening the involvement of young people in the life of society; ensuring equal opportunities for different social groups of young people; protection of young people in the labor market, etc. The basic principles laid down by the Nordic countries in the substantiation and implementation of youth policy are established as follows: participation of young people in public life at the local and regional levels should become part of the general policy of involving citizens in public life; the strategies that are implemented in all areas should include a youth component, so local and regional authorities are obligated to ensure in practice various forms of youth participation in the life of society; the provisions and various forms of participation in society apply to all young people without discrimination. This study will be useful in developing specific proposals for upgrading the National Youth Strategy until 2030, as well as in updating the list of measures for its implementation in 2024-2030.","PeriodicalId":53291,"journal":{"name":"Biznes Inform","volume":"182 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135507348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Features of the Development of the Green Economy of the People’s Republic of China","authors":"Vladyslav A. Varvashenko, Igor Yu. Matyushenko","doi":"10.32983/2222-4459-2023-9-41-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2023-9-41-49","url":null,"abstract":"The article is aimed at assessing the current state of development of the green economy of China and providing recommendations for the development of the economy of such kind. As a result of the study, the definition of the «green economy» was analyzed, information was collected on the origins and development of the conception of the green economy, which covers economic, environmental, and social factors. The place of the People’s Republic of China among the selected countries (Canada, the USA, Germany, Japan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine) according to certain indicators of the green economy, in particular: CO2 emissions, the use of renewable energy sources, research and development costs, air pollution called PM2.5, total greenhouse gas emissions were substantiated. The article also compares the indicators of the green economy in the PRC with the average for all countries of the world. Recommendations for further development of the green economy in the PRC are provided, in particular, it concerns: increasing the volume of construction of environmental protection infrastructure and improving the environmental protection system; increasing investment in education and focusing on human capital; strengthening financial support for the green economy; improvement of the mechanism of patenting inventions and transformation of scientific and technological achievements; combination of the economic and the green development; deepening reforms and opening up to improve the quality of foreign investment. Prospects for further research in this direction are the assessment of the green economy of the PRC in the regional context on the basis of entropy along with systematization of existing indicators, as well as the construction of an own system of indices to assess the level of development of the green economy. Based on the calculated results of the assessment, it would be advisable to provide appropriate policy recommendations for each region of China in order to further develop the green economy.","PeriodicalId":53291,"journal":{"name":"Biznes Inform","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135508705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Development of Digitalization at Enterprises of Information and Communication Services of Ukraine","authors":"Alona Yu. Goloborodko, Svitlana V. Lehominova","doi":"10.32983/2222-4459-2023-9-104-110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2023-9-104-110","url":null,"abstract":"This article is devoted to the current problems of the development of digitalization at enterprises of information and communication services in Ukraine, providing an assessment of the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the integrative development of the ICT business. Recently, the sphere of information and communication technologies has been one of the most dynamic and developed types of economic activity in Ukraine. This market is a conductor of Ukraine’s entry into the global economic and information space. This, in turn, requires the adoption of balanced and justified management decisions and strategic directions of development, which should be based on clearly defined tasks and means of achieving them on the basis of the use of monitoring and diagnostic tools. It is defined that the development of enterprises of information and communication services of Ukraine is of strategic importance for the complementary development of all spheres of the economy of Ukraine and constitutes a platform for forcing and raising proactive business segments in general. The analysis of empirical analytical materials has made it possible to identify insufficient rates of digitalization of the Ukrainian economy compared to the rates of European countries and leading countries of the world, though domestic enterprises of telecommunication services demonstrate positive dynamics of performance results. This indicates a stable positive dynamics in the development of the information and communication sector of economic activity. It is found that the largest consumption of information and communication services occurs in the city of Kyiv, in Donetsk and Odesa regions. At the same time, digital technologies and IT products actively integrate only up to 30% of businesses into their activities. Still, the digital transformation of economic activity in the context of globalization is a key strategic task for the integrative development of enterprises.","PeriodicalId":53291,"journal":{"name":"Biznes Inform","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135508987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Eco-Innovation in Supporting Resource Efficiency and Corporate Stability for Sustainable Economic Growth","authors":"Tatiana Paduraru","doi":"10.32983/2222-4459-2023-9-70-77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2023-9-70-77","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of the growing global concern for sustainable economic growth, the importance of managing limited natural resources and minimizing the impact on the environment is becoming increasingly evident. In this direction, joint efforts must focus on developing an economy that meets the needs of the present without jeopardizing the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. To achieve this goal, eco-innovation becomes essential, by promoting the development and implementation of innovative technologies aimed at supporting resource efficiency and reducing the negative impact on the environment. In this context, the paper aims to analyze the role of eco-innovation in resource efficiency, where the author presents and explains the interdependence between the 2 concepts in the context of sustainable economic growth. At the same time, the paper aims to analyze the activities undertaken by companies from the Republic of Moldova in terms of resource efficiency and the impact of climate change on strategies. The methodology is based on the survey method, methods of analysis and synthesis of data interpretation and relevant comparisons. The research results illustrate different ways in which companies are adapting to changes in their environment, including climate change, and various efforts to improve resource efficiency, which remain very modest. This underlines the importance of developing and implementing resource optimization strategies within companies, through eco-innovations, while monitoring the impact of these strategies, which is a way to respond to permanent challenges in the business environment and to contribute to strengthening a more sustainable economy.","PeriodicalId":53291,"journal":{"name":"Biznes Inform","volume":"154 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135509173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the Accounting of Investment Activity of Enterprise","authors":"Oleksandr Р. Аtamas, Nataliya А. Klimova","doi":"10.32983/2222-4459-2023-9-98-103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2023-9-98-103","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to study the current state of carrying out the investment and its impact on the formation of data on the investment activity of enterprise in the accounting system. In accordance with the set goal, the study solved the following tasks: systematize, closer define and supplement the theoretical foundations of investment policy at enterprises; identify current problems of investment policy at enterprises; propose scientific and practical ways to improve the accounting of investment activity of enterprise. During the analysis, systematization and generalization of scientific works of numerous scholars, the need for a comprehensive study of this issue was determined. As a result of the study, a scheme of dependence of the level of risk on the type of investment has been composed, the factors influencing the level of development of the investment policy of enterprise have been considered, the constituent elements of the accounting policy of investment activity of enterprise have been analyzed. Prospects for further research in this direction are to improve the accounting of investment activities of enterprises in any sector of the national economy, given that a new stage of Ukraine’s integration into the European and world communities has begun. Ensuring Ukraine’s integration into the modern global economic system as a technologically developed country with an appropriate level of development of investment policy in the industrial sector and an ensured accounting of investment activities should become a top national priority.","PeriodicalId":53291,"journal":{"name":"Biznes Inform","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135509237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}