Alzheimer''s and Dementia: Translational Research and Clinical Interventions最新文献

{"title":"Two new positive psychosocial measures for persons living with dementia","authors":"Sheila L. Molony, Sam Fazio, Kimberly Van Haitsma, Richard Feinn, Joseph Montminy, Maureen Rulison, Ricci Sanchez, Sheryl Zimmerman","doi":"10.1002/trc2.70024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/trc2.70024","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> INTRODUCTION</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Differences in adaptive strategies used by individuals and families living with dementia have the potential to impact day-to-day well-being. The Living Well Inventory for Dementia (LWI-D) is a new measure to capture these strategies and to illuminate new options to support families living with dementia. The Quality of Day Scale (QODS) is a new measure to capture global well-being in persons based on a shorter temporal frame than traditional quality of life measures. This article summarizes the initial evaluation of the LWI-D and the QODS for face validity, content validity, and user acceptability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> METHODS</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Initial acceptability and feasibility testing were conducted with a sample of 17 community-dwelling individuals with early-stage dementia (Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA] scores of 12–30).</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>After revision and optimization of the two measures, a second pilot test was conducted with a sample of 30 dyads (persons living with dementia and family caregivers) in nursing home, assisted living, and community settings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> RESULTS</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data from both pilot studies are reported including item analysis and quantitative and qualitative results. Outcomes related to convergent validity between the LWI-D and the QODS with measures of positive affect-balance, quality of life, and well-being are presented. Within-dyad differences in ratings on both measures are discussed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> DISCUSSION</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The LWI-D and the QODS are developing measures that warrant further testing and may enhance the ability to (1) identify strengths in living well with dementia, and (2) identify and test new interventions to bolster care and support.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>This article describes the process used to develop and test two new measures for research and clinical practice related to positive psychosocial approaches to dementia.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The measures were developed with a team that included persons living with Alzheimer's disease as co-researchers in the process.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>A novel method of human-centered design was used to cultivate deep empathy, generate options, and conduct small, iterative tests of prototype measures.</li>\u0000","PeriodicalId":53225,"journal":{"name":"Alzheimer''s and Dementia: Translational Research and Clinical Interventions","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/trc2.70024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143447063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sick sinus syndrome and high-degree atrioventricular block in dementia with Lewy bodies and other dementia subtypes: A study of ≈ 73,000 patients with dementia","authors":"Isak Heyman,&nbsp;Mattias Haglund,&nbsp;Maria Eriksdotter,&nbsp;Elisabet Londos","doi":"10.1002/trc2.70053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/trc2.70053","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> INTRODUCTION</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lewy body pathology is commonly found in cardiac nervous tissue, including the cardiac conduction system. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of sick sinus syndrome (SSS) and high-degree atrioventricular block in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) compared to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementia subtypes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> METHODS</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We included 73,619 individuals diagnosed with dementia from the Swedish Dementia Registry. Data pertaining to incident pacemaker implantation was obtained from the Swedish Pacemaker Registry.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> RESULTS</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>SSS was more common in the DLB compared to the AD cohort (2.2% vs. 1.5%, <i>P</i> = 0.008). In adjusted models, SSS was associated with DLB compared to AD (odds ratio, 1.49; 95% confidence interval: 1.11–2.01).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> DISCUSSION</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We showed that incident pacemaker implantation secondary to SSS was more common in patients with DLB compared to those with AD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> HIGHLIGHTS</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Incident pacemaker implantation secondary to sick sinus syndrome (SSS; but not high-degree atrioventricular block [HAVB]) was more common in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) versus Alzheimer's disease (AD).</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>In adjusted models, SSS (but not HAVB) was positively associated with DLB compared to AD.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Pacemaker data of various dementia disorders are presented.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":53225,"journal":{"name":"Alzheimer''s and Dementia: Translational Research and Clinical Interventions","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/trc2.70053","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Dementia Literacy Assessment (DeLA): A novel measure of Alzheimer's disease and related disorders health literacy in diverse populations","authors":"James E. Galvin,&nbsp;Deborah M. Germain,&nbsp;Claudia P. Moore,&nbsp;Jennifer A. Jeanty,&nbsp;Vaatausili Tofaeono,&nbsp;Lisa K. Wiese","doi":"10.1002/trc2.70054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/trc2.70054","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; INTRODUCTION&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Low health literacy about Alzheimer's disease and related disorders (ADRD) may limit help-seeking, early detection, and enrollment in clinical trials, particularly in minoritized communities. We created the Dementia Literacy Assessment (DeLA) to improve ADRD health literacy.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; METHODS&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The DeLA, a storytelling method that included culturally adaptable vignettes embedded with important factoids about ADRD, was administered to 213 participants from urban and rural regions of Palm Beach and Broward County in Florida and 193 participants in American Samoa.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; RESULTS&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The DeLA increased dementia health literacy and performed well across different participant characteristics (age, sex, education, geographic locale, race, ethnicity, and cognitive performance). Gains in ADRD health literacy were associated with older age, more education, better socioeconomic status, greater resilience, and better cognitive performance.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; DISCUSSION&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Increasing ADRD health literacy could increase health-seeking behaviors in diverse populations for treatment, enrich recruitment into clinical trials, and may help reduce disparities in health outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Highlights&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;div&gt;\u0000 &lt;ul&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;li&gt;Low health literacy about Alzheimer's disease and related disorders (ADRD) may limit help-seeking, early detection, and enrollment in clinical trials, particularly in minoritized communities.&lt;/li&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;li&gt;The Dementia Literacy Assessment (DeLA), a storytelling method that included culturally adaptable vignettes embedded with important factoids about ADRD, was administered to 406 participants from urban and rural regions of Palm Beach and Broward County in Florida and American Samoa (11.8% White, 39.8% Black or African American, and 48.4% Pacific Islander [predominantly Samoan] individuals).&lt;/li&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;li&gt;The DeLA increased dementia health literacy and performed well across different participant characteristics (age, sex, education, geographic locale, race, and cognitive performance).&lt;/li&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;li&gt;Gains in ADRD health literacy were associated with older age, more education, better socioeconomic status, greater resilience, and better cognitive performan","PeriodicalId":53225,"journal":{"name":"Alzheimer''s and Dementia: Translational Research and Clinical Interventions","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/trc2.70054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of plasma AT(N) biomarkers among a racial and ethnically diverse community-based cohort: an HABS-HD study","authors":"Melissa E. Petersen,&nbsp;Fan Zhang,&nbsp;James Hall,&nbsp;Courtney Brock,&nbsp;Robert A. Rissman,&nbsp;Tori Como,&nbsp;David Julovich,&nbsp;Mark Mapstone,&nbsp;Beau M. Ances,&nbsp;Karin Meeker,&nbsp;Raymond Palmer,&nbsp;Robert Barber,&nbsp;David Mason,&nbsp;Leigh Johnson,&nbsp;Kristine Yaffe,&nbsp;Arthur W. Toga,&nbsp;Annie Cohen,&nbsp;Sid E. O'Bryant,&nbsp;for the HABS-HD Study Team","doi":"10.1002/trc2.70045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/trc2.70045","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; INTRODUCTION&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers of Amyloid(A), Tau(T), and Neurodegeneration(N) have been increasingly studied to fill the gap in our understanding of racial and ethnic differences. This study aimed to examine the relationship between plasma AT(N) biomarkers and (1) AT(N) neuroimaging biomarkers, (2) demographics, (3) medical comorbidities, and (4) cognitive diagnosis.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; METHODS&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Data were analyzed from &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 764 non-Hispanic Black (NHB), &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 1230 Hispanic, and &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 1232 non-Hispanic White (NHW) participants. Plasma AT(N) biomarkers were derived using single molecule array (SIMOA) technology on an HD-X imager and included amyloid beta (Aβ)42/40, total tau, ptau181, and neurofilament light chain (NfL). Clinical reads of positron emission tomography (PET) amyloid and tau positivity were used to examine the link between AT(N) plasma and neuroimaging biomarkers. Generalized linear models were conducted to examine the relationship between plasma AT(N) biomarkers and select demographic, diagnostic, and medical comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; RESULTS&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Differences in the AT(N) biomarkers were found across racial/ethnic groups. Plasma Aβ42/40 was found to be associated with PET amyloid positivity only among NHW participants, while plasma NfL was found to correlate with Meta-ROI among NHB and Hispanic participants. Ptau181 was associated with PET amyloid positivity among NHB and NHW participants and well as PET tau positivity among the latter group and Hispanic participants. Diabetes was related to increased plasma AT(N) biomarkers among NHB and Hispanic participants. CKD was associated with increased AT(N) biomarkers for all race/ethnic groups with the exception of Aβ42/40. While Aβ42/40, total tau, ptau181, and NfL were found to be related to a dementia diagnosis among NHW participants, only ptau181 and NfL were found to be related to this same diagnostic category among NHB and Hispanic participants.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; DISCUSSION&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Our findings indicate differential relationships between comorbidities (demographic, medical, diagnostic) across NHB, Hispanic, and NHW participants. This work expands our knowledge regarding the associations of plasma biomarkers to AD pathology in diverse populations.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Highlights&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;div&gt;\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":53225,"journal":{"name":"Alzheimer''s and Dementia: Translational Research and Clinical Interventions","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/trc2.70045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143447064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the clinical meaningfulness of slowing CDR-SB progression with disease-modifying therapies for Alzheimer's disease","authors":"Sarah M. Hartz,&nbsp;Suzanne E. Schindler,&nbsp;Marissa L. Streitz,&nbsp;Krista L. Moulder,&nbsp;Jessica Mozersky,&nbsp;Guoqiao Wang,&nbsp;Chengjie Xiong,&nbsp;John C. Morris","doi":"10.1002/trc2.70033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/trc2.70033","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; INTRODUCTION&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;For many patients and caregivers, a major goal of disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) for Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia is to extend independence in instrumental and basic activities of daily living (IADLs and BADLs). The goal of this study was to estimate the effect of treatments on the time remaining independent in IADLs and BADLs.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; METHODS&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Participants at the Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center (Knight ADRC) who met eligibility criteria for recent DMT trials were studied: age ≥60 years at baseline, clinical diagnosis of very mild or mild AD dementia (global Clinical Dementia Rating [CDR] score 0.5 or 1), biomarker confirmation of amyloid pathology, and at least one follow-up CDR assessment within 5 years. For IADLs, a subset of the Functional Assessment Questionnaire (FAQ) was examined that rated the degree of independence in the following: paying bills, driving, remembering medications and appointments, and preparing meals. For BADLs, the Personal Care domain of the CDR was used. Mixed-effects logistic and ordinal regression models were used to examine the relationship between CDR Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB) and the individual functional outcomes and their components. The change in CDR-SB over time was estimated with linear mixed-effects models.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; RESULTS&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;A total of 282 participants were followed for an average of 2.9 years (standard deviation [SD] 1.3 years). For 50% of individuals, loss of independence in IADLs occurred at CDR-SB &gt;4.5 and in BADLs at CDR-SB &gt;11.5. For individuals with a baseline CDR-SB = 2, treatment with lecanemab would extend independence in IADLs for 10 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 4–18 months) and treatment with donanemab in the low/medium tau group would extend independence in IADLs by 13 months (95% CI 6–24 months).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; DISCUSSION&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Independence in ADLs can be related to CDR-SB and used to demonstrate the effect of AD treatments in extending the time of independent function, a meaningful outcome for patients and their families.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Highlights&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;div&gt;\u0000 &lt;ul&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;li&gt;We estimated time to loss of independence for people with AD dementia&lt;/li&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;li&gt;Estimating time to loss of independence can help with clinical decision-making&lt;/li&gt;\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":53225,"journal":{"name":"Alzheimer''s and Dementia: Translational Research and Clinical Interventions","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/trc2.70033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143397190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Common Alzheimer's Disease Research Ontology (CADRO) for biomarker categorization","authors":"Amanda M. Leisgang Osse,&nbsp;Jefferson W. Kinney,&nbsp;Jeffrey L. Cummings","doi":"10.1002/trc2.70050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/trc2.70050","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Biomarkers are vital to Alzheimer's disease (AD) drug development and clinical trials, and will have an increasing role in clinical care. In this narrative review, we demonstrate the use of the National Institutes on Aging/Alzheimer's Association (NIA/AA) Common Alzheimer's Disease Research Ontology (CADRO) system for the categorization of biomarkers based on the primary mechanism on which they report. We show that biomarkers are available (in various levels of validation) for all CADRO processes. Application of the CADRO system demonstrates gaps in the field where novel biomarkers are needed for specific aspects of the disease, and assays to detect and measure biological changes, in individuals with symptomatic or preclinical AD. We demonstrate the CADRO system as a means of categorizing established and candidate AD biomarkers, showing the feasibility and practicality of the system. CADRO can assist with biomarker selection for AD clinical trials and drug development, and may eventually be applied to implementing biomarkers in patient care. </p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The Common Alzheimer's Disease Research Ontology (CADRO) system can be used to categorize biomarkers for drug development.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>We demonstrate the use of CADRO with Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>We identified AD biomarkers in each of the CADRO categories.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>CADRO can be incorporated into current AD drug development and clinical trial systems.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":53225,"journal":{"name":"Alzheimer''s and Dementia: Translational Research and Clinical Interventions","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/trc2.70050","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143380830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diabetes mellitus exacerbates changes in white matter hyperintensity shapes and volume: A longitudinal study","authors":"Shihao Xu,&nbsp;Yan Wang,&nbsp;Jiahui Chen,&nbsp;Zhiming Pan,&nbsp;Wenjun Wu,&nbsp;Zhipeng Su,&nbsp;Zhen Wang","doi":"10.1002/trc2.70042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/trc2.70042","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; INTRODUCTION&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Although white matter hyperintensity (WMH) can progress over time, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. In addition, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) exacerbates the accumulation of WMH. Here we aimed to investigate longitudinal changes in WMH shapes and volume in older adults with and without T2DM.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; METHODS&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Participants underwent baseline and follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). WMH volume and shape markers were automatically assessed. We compared WMH volume and shape markers at baseline and follow-up.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; RESULTS&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;A total of 200 participants were included at baseline and 181 at follow-up. The mean age ± SD of our study participants was 69.86 ± 6.03 years; 79 (39.90%) had a history of diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 73 (36.50%) were male. For shape markers, participants with T2DM showed more complex periventricular (eccentricity, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.027) and deep WMH shape markers (fractal dimension, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.002) than participants without T2DM. At baseline, there were no statistically significant differences (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &gt; 0.05) in WMH volume when participants with T2DM were compared to participants without T2DM. At follow-up, a more complex shape of periventricular/confluent WMH on follow-up (concavity index, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.005; inverse sphericity index, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.001). In addition, total (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001), periventricular (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001), and deep (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.001) WMH volumes increased significantly.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; DISCUSSION&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;A more irregular shape of periventricular and deep WMH and higher WMH volumes were associated with T2DM participants. These findings suggest that WMH shape markers may be useful in determining prognosis for cerebral small vessel disease and aid in future preventive treatments.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Highlights&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;div&gt;\u0000 &lt;ul&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;li&gt;Patients with diabetes mellitus have more irregular white matter hyperintensity (WMH) shapes and increased WMH volumes.&lt;/li&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;li&gt;Diabetes mellitus exacerbates the changes in WMH shapes and volumes&lt;/li&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;li&gt;WMH shape markers might have the potential to aid in future preventive treatments and prevent clinical deterioration.&lt;/li&gt;\u0000 &lt;/ul&gt;\u0000 &lt;/div&gt;\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":53225,"journal":{"name":"Alzheimer''s and Dementia: Translational Research and Clinical Interventions","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/trc2.70042","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143380745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Operationalizing selection criteria for clinical trials in Alzheimer's disease: Biomarker and clinical considerations: Proceedings from the Alzheimer's Association Research Roundtable (AARR) Fall 2021 meeting","authors":"Ronald C. Petersen,&nbsp;Ana Graf,&nbsp;Chris Brady,&nbsp;Susan De Santi,&nbsp;Hana Florian,&nbsp;Jaren Landen,&nbsp;Mike Pontecorvo,&nbsp;Christopher Randolph,&nbsp;Kaycee Sink,&nbsp;Maria Carrillo,&nbsp;Christopher J. Weber","doi":"10.1002/trc2.70038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/trc2.70038","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The design of clinical trials in Alzheimer's disease (AD) must consider the development of new plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and imaging biomarkers. They must also define clinically meaningful outcomes for patients and set endpoints that measure these outcomes accurately. With the accelerated United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of the first anti-amyloid, disease-modifying treatment for AD, a monoclonal antibody called aducanumab, the landscape of clinical trial design is evolving. Enrolment in clinical trials may be impacted by the availability of this and other treatments, and trial design must take into consideration that patients may desire a disease-modifying treatment rather than potentially being randomized to the placebo arm. The Alzheimer's Association Research Roundtable (AARR) Fall 2021 meeting discussed the consideration of well-defined AD staging criteria in protocol design and how they influence more standardized inclusion/exclusion criteria for trials, as well as what constitutes meaningful differentiation between the stages. Discussion explored the current state of knowledge regarding biomarkers and how they can inform AD staging criteria, as many trials are now designed based on specific biomarker features, further underscoring the importance of coordinating AD staging criteria and biomarkers. The relationship between cognition and biomarkers has been studied and this must continue as trials move forward. Researchers, patients, clinicians, regulatory scientists, and payers discussed the state of the field as well as the future of symptomatic Alzheimer's disease clinical trials.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The Alzheimer's Association Research Roundtable (AARR) convened leaders from academia and industry as well as patients, care partners, clinicians, regulators, and payers to discuss the topic of operationalizing selection criteria for clinical trials and the role of biomarkers.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Well-defined Alzheimer's disease (AD) staging criteria are an important consideration in study protocol design.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Staging criteria and biomarkers must be coordinated to yield high-quality clinical trial results that have meaning for patients with AD by selecting a population most likely to benefit from a specific treatment.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":53225,"journal":{"name":"Alzheimer''s and Dementia: Translational Research and Clinical Interventions","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/trc2.70038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143380744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CSF proteomics reveals changes in myelin and synaptic biology after Spectris treatment","authors":"Mihály Hajós,&nbsp;Kiran Pandey,&nbsp;Annabelle C. Singer,&nbsp;Duc Duong,&nbsp;Sara Bitarafan,&nbsp;Monika Shpokayte,&nbsp;Zach Malchano,&nbsp;Ralph Kern,&nbsp;James J. Lah,&nbsp;Allan I. Levey,&nbsp;Nicholas T. Seyfried","doi":"10.1002/trc2.70051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/trc2.70051","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; INTRODUCTION&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Brain steady-state gamma oscillations evoked using a non-invasive medical device (Spectris) have shown potential clinical benefits in patients with mild–moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD), including reduced functional and cognitive decline, reduced brain volume and myelin loss, and increased brain functional connectivity. We analyzed changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins after Spectris treatment in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and their relationship to established biological pathways implicated in AD.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; METHODS&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Unbiased proteomic analysis of CSF samples from participants with amyloid-positive MCI (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 10) was conducted from the FLICKER (NCT03543878) clinical trial. Participants used the Cognito Therapeutics medical device (Spectris), confirmed to evoke steady-state gamma oscillations. Participants were instructed to use the device daily for 1 hour each day during the trial. CSF was collected prior to the start of stimulation and after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The proteome was analyzed using tandem mass tag mass spectrometry.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; RESULTS&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Differential expression analysis of proteins at baseline and after 8 weeks of treatment (&lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt; = 5) revealed that 110 out of 2951 proteins met the significance threshold (analysis of variance, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05, no false discovery rate). Sixty proteins were upregulated, and 50 proteins were downregulated after treatment. Changes in protein expression were mapped to the consensus human AD protein network, representing co-expressed and functionally linked modules linked to cell type and biochemical pathways. Treatment altered CSF proteins linked to AD-related brain proteome modules, including those involved in myelination (proteolipid protein 1, ecotropic viral integration site 2A), synaptic and neuroimmune functions, and regulation of cellular lipid transportation. Biological pathway analysis revealed that most impacted pathways were associated with lipoproteins, cholesterol, phospholipids processing, and phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; DISCUSSION&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The CSF proteomic changes observed in this study suggest pleiotropic effects on multiple pathways involved in AD, including myelination, synaptic and neuroimmune function, and lipid transport. These findings are also consistent with observations of white matter and myelin preservation after Spectris treatment of AD.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":53225,"journal":{"name":"Alzheimer''s and Dementia: Translational Research and Clinical Interventions","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/trc2.70051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143380898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rural–urban disparities of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias: A scoping review","authors":"Mackenzie Kramer,&nbsp;Maxwell Cutty,&nbsp;Sara Knox,&nbsp;Alexander V. Alekseyenko,&nbsp;Abolfazl Mollalo","doi":"10.1002/trc2.70047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/trc2.70047","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The rising age of the global population has made Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) a critical public health problem, with significant health-related disparities observed between rural and urban areas. However, no previous reviews have examined the scope and determinant factors contributing to rural–urban disparities of ADRD-related health outcomes. This study aims to systematically collate and synthesize peer-reviewed articles on rural–urban disparities in ADRD, identifying key determinants and research gaps to guide future research. We conducted a systematic search using key terms related to rural–urban disparities and ADRD without restrictions on geography or study design. Five search engines—MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus—were used to identify relevant articles. The search was performed on August 16, 2024, and included English-language articles published from 2000 onward. Sixty-three articles met the eligibility criteria for data extraction and synthesis. Most articles were published after 2010 (85.7%) and were concentrated in the United States, China, and Canada (66.7%). A majority had cross-sectional (58.7%) or cohort study designs (23.8%), primarily examining prevalence (41.3%) or incidence (11.1%). Findings often indicated a higher prevalence and incidence in rural areas, although inconsistent rural–urban classification systems were noted. Common risk factors included female sex, lower education level, lower income, and comorbidities such as diabetes and cerebrovascular diseases. Environmental (12.7%) and lifestyle (14.3%) factors for ADRD have been less explored. The statistical methods used were mainly traditional analyses (e.g., logistic regression) and lacked advanced techniques such as machine learning or causal inference methods. The gaps identified in this review emphasize the need for future research in underexplored geographic regions and encourage the use of advanced methods to investigate understudied factors contributing to ADRD disparities, such as environmental, lifestyle, and genetic influences.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Highlights&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;div&gt;\u0000 &lt;ul&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;li&gt;Few studies on rural–urban ADRD disparities focus on low- and middle-income countries.&lt;/li&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;li&gt;Common risk factors include female sex, low education attainment, low income, and comorbidities.&lt;/li&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;li&gt;Inconsistent definitions of “rural” complicate cross-country comparisons.&lt;/li&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;li&gt;Environmental and lifestyle factors affecting ADRD are underexplored.&lt;/li&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;li&gt;Advanced statistical methods, such as machine learning and caus","PeriodicalId":53225,"journal":{"name":"Alzheimer''s and Dementia: Translational Research and Clinical Interventions","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/trc2.70047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143380746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}