Lancet Regional Health-Europe最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence and prognosis of patients with breast cancer eligible for adjuvant abemaciclib or ribociclib: a nationwide population-based study","authors":"Xingrong Liu ,&nbsp;Behnaz Binicy ,&nbsp;Balazs Acs ,&nbsp;Louise Eriksson Bergman ,&nbsp;Sibylle Loibl ,&nbsp;Michael Gnant ,&nbsp;Michael Untch ,&nbsp;Antonios Valachis ,&nbsp;Jonas Bergh ,&nbsp;Johan Hartman ,&nbsp;Theodoros Foukakis ,&nbsp;Alexios Matikas","doi":"10.1016/j.lanepe.2025.101471","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanepe.2025.101471","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Nationwide studies on the prevalence, characteristics and long-term prognosis of patients with early breast cancer and a potential indication for adjuvant CDK4/6 inhibitors are lacking.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We leveraged a prospectively collected nationwide cohort of all patients treated for breast cancer in Sweden in 2007–2023 and identified patients fulfilling the monarchE and/or the NATALEE eligibility criteria, to estimate the proportion of eligible patients for adjuvant CDK4/6 inhibitors and their outcomes. Overall survival (OS) was the primary endpoint of interest. In addition, we compared distant relapse-free survival and OS of a patient subset treated in the Stockholm–Gotland region in 2012–2020 to patients enrolled in the phase 3 PANTHER trial (<span><span>NCT00798070</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>) in 2007–2011, before and after alignment of key inclusion criteria.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Of 52,602 patients with ER-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer, 9553 (18.2%) fulfilled both the monarchE and the NATALEE criteria, 9800 (18.6%) fulfilled the NATALEE criteria only and 745 patients (1.4%) fulfilled the monarchE criteria only. Median follow-up was 6.87 years. Ten-year OS rates were 65.7% (95% CI 65.3%–67.0%) for monarchE-eligible and 70.2% (95% CI 69.3%–71.1%) for NATALEE-eligible patients, and 84.0% (95% CI 83.4%–84.6%) for non-eligible, 75.5% (74.4$–76.7%) for NATALEE-only eligible and 64.3% (95% CI 62.9%–65.7%) for concordant eligible patients for both studies (p &lt; 0.0001). Before alignment of inclusion criteria, patients treated within the PANTHER trial had improved outcomes compared to those treated in clinical routine. However, the differences in outcomes disappeared after alignment.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>These results inform on the prevalence and prognosis of candidates for adjuvant CDK4/6 inhibitors at a nationwide level.</div></div><div><h3>Funding</h3><div><span>Cancerfonden</span>, <span>Bröstcancerförbundet</span>, <span>Radiumhemmets Forskningsfonder</span>, <span>Amgen</span>, <span>Roche</span>, <span>Sanofi-Aventis</span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53223,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Regional Health-Europe","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 101471"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new milestone in the fight against RSV disease in infants: continuous vigilance is needed","authors":"Elena Priante ,&nbsp;Eugenio Baraldi","doi":"10.1016/j.lanepe.2025.101475","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanepe.2025.101475","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53223,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Regional Health-Europe","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101475"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of disease-modifying therapies on brain volume loss and disability accumulation in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","authors":"Alessandro Cagol ,&nbsp;Sabine Schaedelin ,&nbsp;Roxanne Pretzsch ,&nbsp;Ludwig Kappos ,&nbsp;Maria Pia Sormani ,&nbsp;Cristina Granziera","doi":"10.1016/j.lanepe.2025.101476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanepe.2025.101476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Multiple treatments have demonstrated efficacy in preventing brain volume loss (BVL) in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for multiple sclerosis (MS). However, assessing their relative effectiveness remains challenging due to limited head-to-head comparisons. Additionally, the relationship between treatment effects on BVL and disability accumulation is not established for newer therapies. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of approved disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) in reducing BVL in MS and to investigate the association between treatment effects on BVL and disability accumulation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this systematic review and network meta-analysis, we included all RCTs enrolling adults with MS that evaluated FDA-approved DMTs and reported BVL outcomes over at least one year. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane from inception to September 2024. Following PRISMA guidelines, two reviewers independently extracted data on BVL, MRI lesion activity, and disability progression. We conducted a mixed-effects network meta-analysis with placebo as the reference group. Meta-regression analyses examined the association between treatment effects on BVL and disability progression, adjusting for MRI lesion activity.</div><div>The primary outcome was BVL. Secondary outcomes included MRI lesion accumulation and risk of confirmed disability progression. Effect sizes were reported as the ratio of means (ROM) and hazard ratios (HRs), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). This study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD420251034936).</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>We included 33 RCTs evaluating 16 DMTs and 26,247 patients. Eight DMTs significantly reduced BVL compared to placebo, including ponesimod (ROM = 0.52; 95%-CI: 0.35–0.77), ofatumumab (ROM = 0.58; 95%-CI: 0.40–0.83), alemtuzumab (ROM = 0.63; 95%-CI: 0.49–0.83), teriflunomide (ROM = 0.71; 95%-CI: 0.52–0.97), ozanimod (ROM = 0.74; 95%-CI: 0.56–0.98), natalizumab (ROM = 0.77; 95%-CI: 0.61–0.96), siponimod (ROM = 0.77; 95%-CI: 0.60–0.98), and fingolimod (ROM = 0.83; 95%-CI: 0.71–0.96). The treatment effect on BVL was associated with the treatment effect on disability accumulation (β = 0.466; p = 0.008), and this association remained significant independently of the treatment effect on MRI activity (β = 0.422; p = 0.005).</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Several DMTs—including newer therapies—significantly reduce BVL, and this effect correlates with reduced disability accumulation. These findings support BVL as a meaningful treatment target in MS.</div></div><div><h3>Funding</h3><div>None.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53223,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Regional Health-Europe","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 101476"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145160319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing long-term temporal changes in myocardial infarction treatment and outcomes: chances and challenges","authors":"Clemens von Birgelen ,&nbsp;Daphne van Vliet","doi":"10.1016/j.lanepe.2025.101473","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanepe.2025.101473","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53223,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Regional Health-Europe","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101473"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends of non-lethal intentional self-harm and suicide in Spain 2018–2023: a nationwide registry-based study","authors":"Teresa López-Cuadrado ,&nbsp;Philippe Mortier ,&nbsp;Jordi Alonso ,&nbsp;Gonzalo Martínez-Alés","doi":"10.1016/j.lanepe.2025.101467","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanepe.2025.101467","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Monitoring suicide and non-lethal intentional self-harm (NLISH) is critical for prevention efforts. We analysed trends in NLISH and suicide in Spain (2018–2023), including related demographic and clinical factors.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Nationwide population-based study including all NLISH hospitalisations (from health registries) and suicides (from national mortality data) in Spain between 2018 and 2023. We first examined the sociodemographic characteristics and method used for both outcomes, and the clinical characteristics of NLISH hospitalisations. Then, we evaluated annual and monthly trends in NLISH and suicide rates overall and by sex and age group using Joinpoint regression.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Between 2018 and 2023, we identified 73,692 NLISH hospitalisations and 23,496 suicides in Spain, averaging 12,282 and 3916 annually, respectively. NLISH hospitalisations were more common among women (n = 44,304; 60·1%), and suicides among men (n = 17,471; 74·4%). Youth aged 10–24 accounted for 17,915 (24·3%) NLISH hospitalisations but only 1125 (4·8%) suicides; conversely, individuals aged ≥65 represented 7327 (31·2%) suicides but only 9410 (12·8%) NLISH hospitalisations. The leading methods were drug poisoning for NLISH (n = 50,643; 68·7%) and hanging for suicide (n = 10,810; 46·0%). From 2018 to 2023, NLISH rates rose annually by 8·0% (95% CI: 1·5, 15·9), especially among young women shortly after the 2020 initial pandemic outbreak. Suicide rates rose 2·6% annually (95% CI: 0·6, 4·8), especially among young women and middle-aged men.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Non-lethal self-harm is rising in Spain, especially among young women. Suicide shows smaller but significant increases. Urgent, age- and gender-sensitive strategies are needed to address all suicidal behaviour and ensure timely mental health care.</div></div><div><h3>Funding</h3><div><span>ISCIII</span> (<span><span>PI23CIII/00056</span></span>; <span><span>CP21/00078</span></span>; <span><span>AC22/00006</span></span>; <span><span>PI22/00107</span></span>; <span><span>PI17/00521</span></span>), <span>EU</span> (NextGenerationEU/MRR), <span>ERA PerMed</span>, <span>FMTV3</span> (<span><span>202220-30</span></span>), <span>AFSP</span> (<span><span>ECR-1-101-23</span></span>), <span>BBRF</span> (<span><span>NARSAD-31312</span></span>), <span>NIMH</span> (<span><span>1R25MH129256-01A1</span></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53223,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Regional Health-Europe","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101467"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A care bundle added to standard care versus standard care for the prevention of surgical site infections after abdominal surgery (EPO2CH trial): a randomised, open label, pragmatic, superiority multicentre trial","authors":"Niels Wolfhagen ,&nbsp;Quirine J.J. Boldingh ,&nbsp;Wouter J. Bom ,&nbsp;Linda M. Posthuma ,&nbsp;Jochem C.G. Scheijmans ,&nbsp;Bart M.F. van der Leeuw ,&nbsp;Joost A.B. van der Hoeven ,&nbsp;Jens-Peter Hering ,&nbsp;Dirk J.A. Sonneveld ,&nbsp;Otto E. van Geffen ,&nbsp;Eduard R. Hendriks ,&nbsp;Ewoud B. Kluyver ,&nbsp;Ahmet Demirkiran ,&nbsp;Luc R.C.W. van Lonkhuijzen ,&nbsp;Marcel G.W. Dijkgraaf ,&nbsp;Markus W. Hollmann ,&nbsp;Marja A. Boermeester ,&nbsp;Stijn W. de Jonge","doi":"10.1016/j.lanepe.2025.101448","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanepe.2025.101448","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Surgical site infections (SSI) are common. We selected five interventions from recent SSI prevention guidelines, to form the Enhanced PeriOperative Care and Health program (EPO₂CH), a perioperative care bundle. We aimed to investigate the effect of the EPO₂CH bundle on the incidence of SSI.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The EPO₂CH trial concerns an open label, pragmatic, randomised controlled parallel-group multicentre trial, in which we assigned patients, scheduled for elective abdominal surgery with incisions larger than five centimetres, to either standard care or standard care plus the EPO₂CH bundle consisting of intraoperative high fraction of inspired oxygen; Goal-Directed Fluid Therapy; normothermia; perioperative glucose control; and incisional wound irrigation. The study was conducted in seven hospitals in the Netherlands. Patients were randomised per hospital per day in a 1:1 ratio with variable block sizes using an internet-based automated assignment system. The primary outcome was the incidence of SSI within 30 days in the intention-to-treat population. This study is registered at CCMO register (NL-OMON50566).</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Between March 1st, 2016, and March 26th, 2020, 1777 patients were included. The intervention group included 869 patients (mean age 63.1, 467 female and 402 male) versus 908 in the control group (mean age 64.0, 530 female and 378 male). The incidence of SSI was 18.4% (160/869) in the intervention and 18.9% (172/908) in the control group; relative risk 0.98 (95% CI: 0.81–1.18) in the intention-to-treat analysis and 0.91 (95% CI: 0.60–1.37) in the per-protocol analysis. The percentage of patients with a serious adverse event was 33.3% (289/869) versus 33.5% (304/908), RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.87–1.23.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>In a high-income health care setting, a care bundle did not lead to a lower incidence of surgical site infections when added to standard care including preoperative systemic antibiotic prophylaxis and alcohol-based surgical skin preparation. Considering the persistent high risk of SSI, research into interventions that may help to reduce this risk remains urgently needed.</div></div><div><h3>Funding</h3><div>The <span>Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development</span> (ZonMW), and co-financed by <span>Innovatiefonds Zorgverzekeraars</span>, and <span>Ethicon</span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53223,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Regional Health-Europe","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101448"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intranasal versus intravenous administration of analgesia","authors":"Nicolas Py ,&nbsp;Romain Montagnon ,&nbsp;Gaël de Rocquigny ,&nbsp;Simon-Pierre Corcostegui ,&nbsp;Pierre Pasquier","doi":"10.1016/j.lanepe.2025.101457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanepe.2025.101457","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53223,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Regional Health-Europe","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 101457"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Care and outcomes of first-time myocardial infarction among vulnerable populations in Denmark, 2003–22: a nationwide registry-based cohort study","authors":"Clara Friis ,&nbsp;Sofie-Louise Feentved Ødum ,&nbsp;Caroline Hartwell Garred ,&nbsp;Deewa Zahir Anjum ,&nbsp;Marte Austreim ,&nbsp;Camilla Fuchs Andersen ,&nbsp;Nina Nouhravesh ,&nbsp;Emil Fosbøl ,&nbsp;Lars Køber ,&nbsp;Daniel Mølager Christensen ,&nbsp;Morten Malmborg ,&nbsp;Morten Schou ,&nbsp;Mariam Elmegaard","doi":"10.1016/j.lanepe.2025.101465","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanepe.2025.101465","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Mortality following a first-time myocardial infarction (MI) has declined, yet disparities in treatment and outcomes among potentially vulnerable groups remain unclear. We aimed to examine trends in treatment and mortality among first-time MI patients from 2003 to 2022 across eight potentially vulnerable subgroups in Denmark.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using Danish registries, patients with a first-time MI between 2003 and 2022 were identified and divided into five-year calendar groups and eight subgroups (‘age ≥80’, ‘low income’, ‘female’, ‘frail’, ‘non-Western immigrant’, ‘history of mental illness’, ‘living alone’, and ‘living in a rural area’). Temporal trends in treatment initiation and mortality were assessed using Kaplan Meier estimates and multivariable Cox regression.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Among 118,674 patients included, guideline-recommended therapy initiation increased over time, though gaps persisted (e.g. statin initiation in 2018–2022: 77.0% (2241/2911) among frail patients vs. 90.2% (19,986/22,157) among their counterparts). Crude and adjusted mortality rates declined for all subgroups over time, yet gaps persisted. Mortality remained highest among frail patients (5-year mortality risk of 48.7% [95% CI 46.5–50.9] in 2018–2022) and those aged ≥80 years (56.5% [95% CI 54.5–58.5]), no mortality difference was observed between patients living in rural areas and their counterparts (21.6% [95% CI 20.6–22.6] vs. 21.3% [95% CI 19.8–20.6] in 2018–2022), and non-Western immigrants exhibited lower mortality than their counterparts (8.8% [95% CI 7.0–10.6] vs. 21.3% [95% CI 20.7–22.0] in 2018–2022).</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Despite improvements from 2003 to 2022, persistent disparities underscore ongoing inequities and the need for targeted efforts to promote equity.</div></div><div><h3>Funding</h3><div>None.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53223,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Regional Health-Europe","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101465"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Executive function and the feasibility of clinical trials for FTD","authors":"Kristy K.L. Coleman ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Finger","doi":"10.1016/j.lanepe.2025.101466","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanepe.2025.101466","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53223,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Regional Health-Europe","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 101466"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of nirsevimab against hospitalisation for RSV-bronchiolitis during high RSV-B circulation in the second year of nationwide implementation in France: a test-negative case-control study","authors":"Apolline Furgier ,&nbsp;Camille Brehin ,&nbsp;Corinne Levy ,&nbsp;Romain Basmaci ,&nbsp;Elise Launay ,&nbsp;Camille Jung ,&nbsp;Zein Assad ,&nbsp;Léa Lenglart ,&nbsp;Jérome Naudin ,&nbsp;Anne-Lise Mary ,&nbsp;Camille Aupiais ,&nbsp;Loïc de Pontual ,&nbsp;Valérie Biran ,&nbsp;Béatrice Boutillier ,&nbsp;Isabelle Hau ,&nbsp;Mickael Shum ,&nbsp;Sandra Biscardi ,&nbsp;Céline Delestrain ,&nbsp;Julie Toubiana ,&nbsp;Jérémie F. Cohen ,&nbsp;Sebastien Walser","doi":"10.1016/j.lanepe.2025.101443","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanepe.2025.101443","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Nirsevimab was first introduced in September 2023, showing strong real-world effectiveness in preventing hospitalised RSV-bronchiolitis. RSV-A circulation predominated during 2023–2024, whereas RSV-B was frequent in 2024–2025. Recent reports indicated resistance to nirsevimab in RSV-B strains in France. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of large-scale nirsevimab implementation against hospitalised RSV-bronchiolitis during high RSV-B circulation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A test-negative case-control study was conducted using a national hospital-based surveillance system. All children &lt;12 months hospitalised for bronchiolitis and tested for RSV in 12 French hospitals from October 10, 2024 to March 15, 2025, were included. Cases were RSV-positive bronchiolitis; controls were RSV-negative bronchiolitis. Effectiveness was assessed by a multivariable logistic regression model adjusted for confounders (sex, gestational age at birth, birth weight, risk factors for severe bronchiolitis, month of diagnosis, and medical centre). A range of sensitivity analyses was conducted.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>1270 patients were included; among which 830 (65.3%) were RSV-positive and 440 (34.7%) were RSV-negative bronchiolitis. The male-to-female sex ratio was 1.35, and the median age was 3 months (IQR: 1.5–5.6). Among cases, 182 (22.0%) received nirsevimab, compared to 282 (64.1%) for controls. Adjusted effectiveness against RSV-bronchiolitis was 84.9% (95% CI, 80.0–88.6). Subgroup analyses by age and severity (intensive care unit admission, respiratory support) showed consistent results, along with sensitivity analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Despite high RSV-B circulation, which has recently been identified to carry mutations potentially inducing resistance to nirsevimab, the effectiveness of the second national nirsevimab campaign against hospitalisation for RSV-bronchiolitis remained high.</div></div><div><h3>Funding</h3><div>The study received financial support from <span>Sanofi</span>, <span>AstraZeneca</span>, and the 2023 ATIP-Avenir grant from the <span>National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm)</span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53223,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Regional Health-Europe","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101443"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145027257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}