Jingwen Yang , Danial Hemmings , Aziz Jaafar , Richard H.G. Jackson
{"title":"The real earnings management gap between private and public firms: Evidence from Europe","authors":"Jingwen Yang , Danial Hemmings , Aziz Jaafar , Richard H.G. Jackson","doi":"10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2022.100506","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2022.100506","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Employing a comprehensive dataset spanning 11 European Union countries, we provide novel insights on how country-level institutional factors affect differences in the extent of real earnings management (REM) activity by publicly listed and privately held firms (the ‘REM gap’). Thus, we explain why the public–private firm REM gap varies systematically across countries. Exploring the impact of country-level governance and legal environment, we observe the REM gap to be greater in weaker market settings and in jurisdictions with higher book-tax conformity, despite REM levels overall typically being lower in such jurisdictions. While overall REM levels are positively related with the strength of investor protection and the extent of disclosure requirements and negatively related with ownership concentration levels, these factors play only a modest role in explaining variations in the REM gap. Our broad-based evidence also provides consistent support for the existence internationally of a ‘partial substitution effect’ where increased (decreased) REM activity is offset to some extent, but not wholly, by reduced (increased) accruals-based earnings management activity. Our findings have important implications regarding the comparability of financial statement information provided by public and private firms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Accounting Auditing and Taxation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1061951822000611/pdfft?md5=caebdeb80764d3accf695a20797f5d07&pid=1-s2.0-S1061951822000611-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44538114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recognition of provisional goodwill: Real need or communication strategy?","authors":"Elisa Roncagliolo, Francesco Avallone","doi":"10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2022.100510","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2022.100510","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study draws attention to the recognition of goodwill on a provisional basis, as allowed by International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) 3,“Business combinations”. We examine whether the provisional goodwill choice is motivated by market imperfections rather than the actual difficulty in the estimation of acquired assets and liabilities. We analyze a sample of business combinations concluded over the period 2014–2015 involving European companies and accounted for according to IFRS 3. Our findings suggest that the decision to account for goodwill on a provisional basis is due to the specific timing of the acquisition. In addition, the coexistence of stock market overvaluation and strong investor protection at the time of the merger and acquisition (M&A) announcement is a significant determinant of the provisional goodwill choice. Therefore, this study contributes to the current debate on accounting for goodwill as it highlights the relevance of the factors affecting the initial determination of the goodwill amount.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Accounting Auditing and Taxation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46242007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Esther Ortiz-Martínez, Salvador Marín-Hernández, Marcos Antón-Renart
{"title":"Spanish economist-accountants’ perceptions of changes in regulation due to IFRS adoption","authors":"Esther Ortiz-Martínez, Salvador Marín-Hernández, Marcos Antón-Renart","doi":"10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2022.100508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2022.100508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in Spain by companies that are not included in the mandatory scope of the European Union regulations has led to the reform of accounting standards. We ascertain the opinions of Spanish economist-accountants following this change, analyzing the time effect and the level to which they understand the new requirements. We study the results of four successive surveys to analyze how the reform of the regulation is applied in practice. We conclude that the complexity economist-accountants encounter when facing regulatory changes varies significantly over time, as does their initial understanding of it. Economist-accountants’ perceptions change during the analyzed period and with the different changes in the regulation. They prefer the reform and adaptation of the Spanish legal system to IFRS to the direct application of IFRS in Spain. The main contribution of this paper is to highlight that regulators must consider the practical point of view and recognize that practitioners need extensive training and education to implement the new standards. In addition, a long-term perspective is required. For countries with similar characteristics, the results can provide a useful example of coping with changes in accounting regulation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Accounting Auditing and Taxation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1061951822000635/pdfft?md5=e7166db33a3113a3d2aff8f9dda4a8c8&pid=1-s2.0-S1061951822000635-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47795765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Peer firms’ reporting frequency and stock price synchronicity: European evidence","authors":"Jesper Haga , Kenneth Högholm , Dennis Sundvik","doi":"10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2022.100505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2022.100505","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates whether and how the amount of firm-specific information incorporated into stock prices changes when there is more quarterly, rather than semi-annual, reporting in the peer group. Using a sample of 33,338 European firm-year observations from 2004 to 2017, we find a significantly negative relationship between stock price synchronicity and concentration of quarterly reporting among a firm’s peers. We argue that more public peer disclosure stimulates acquisition of private firm-specific information. Additional tests show that the negative relationship is strongest among firms with semi-annual reporting, opaque earnings, and low institutional ownership. We further decompose the synchronicity measure into market and industry co-movement and find that the former is decreasing while the latter is increasing with more frequent peer reporting.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Accounting Auditing and Taxation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S106195182200060X/pdfft?md5=5f05e5eb21734916e4d5ec71a0fc66a5&pid=1-s2.0-S106195182200060X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137281929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Does CFO vertical duality affect financial outcomes? Evidence from the CFO acting as the head of accounting","authors":"Meng Lyu , Xiaojie Christine Sun , Bing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2022.100504","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2022.100504","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Using a sample of Chinese firms from 2008 to 2016, this paper examines whether a firm’s chief financial officer (CFO) simultaneously being the head of the accounting department (CFO vertical duality) influences financial outcomes, including financial reporting quality and financial management efficiency. We find that, on average, this vertical duality does not affect financial reporting quality. However, a negative effect on financial reporting quality emerges when the CFO encounters specific incentives or opportunities to misreport. Moreover, CFO vertical duality distracts the CFOs, especially in complex firms, and adversely impacts the CFOs’ broader role in financial management, such as cash management and corporate financing. Overall, our results highlight that the position arrangement in the financial system is an important but relatively neglected determinant of financial outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Accounting Auditing and Taxation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44697842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editors’ preface to special issue: Accounting in India","authors":"Mahendra Gujarathi, Gaurav Gupta, Sanjay Kallapur","doi":"10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2022.100521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2022.100521","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Accounting Auditing and Taxation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137281493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Narrative disclosure tone: A review and areas for future research","authors":"Hesham Bassyouny , Tarek Abdelfattah , Lei Tao","doi":"10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2022.100511","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2022.100511","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Numerous studies have examined Narrative Disclosure Tone (NDT) in different channels of financial reporting over the past decade. Our review of 64 studies aims to analyze tone measurements and areas of debate in NDT literature and to suggest avenues for future research. First, we discuss previous studies that compared tone measures based on alternative wordlists and found that tone measures using domain-specific dictionaries are more powerful than those based on general dictionaries. Future research should benefit from the advanced methods considering natural language processing mechanisms and the meanings rather than word frequency for more accuracy. Second, from the theoretical perspective, studies that linked psychological theories to the tone context are limited. Therefore, we call for more evidence from the upper echelons theory that considers the interdependencies between executives. Finally, we critically review different directions of NDT studies and highlight areas for future research. Mainly, we suggest future research to investigate the determinants of NDT in the areas of top managers-specific characteristics, tax avoidance, audit quality, social capital, and regulatory bodies. We call for more research about tone consistency among different channels of disclosures in companies’ communications with stakeholders.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Accounting Auditing and Taxation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1061951822000660/pdfft?md5=ce4268ad04f23d9d7f34fc8fef8bf7e0&pid=1-s2.0-S1061951822000660-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46948793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Nurunnabi , Han Donker , Eva K. Jermakowicz
{"title":"The impact of mandatory adoption of IFRS in Saudi Arabia","authors":"Mohammad Nurunnabi , Han Donker , Eva K. Jermakowicz","doi":"10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2022.100509","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2022.100509","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We examine whether the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards<span> (IFRS) by companies reporting under an Islamic accounting framework is associated with the greater comparability and relevance of financial reporting. Using a sample of Saudi Arabian companies listed on Tadawul, the Saudi stock market, we compare accounting figures reported under Saudi GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) issued by the Saudi Organization for Certified Public Accountants (SOCPA) and IFRS for the same year. The amount of reported shareholders’ equity and net income decreased in the transition to IFRS as a result of adjustments primarily related to consolidation and strategic investments, property, plant and equipment, employee benefits, and other liabilities. Our empirical findings document several reasons for the improved relevancy of the subject financial reports. The main finding was that adopting IFRS enhanced the perceived relevancy of the reports. Additionally, reporting in English versus reporting in Arabic was found to have favorably affected relevancy. Regarding transparency, based on the number of pages and informative notes, reporting under IFRS also engendered improvements to the financial reporting process. The results confirm that IFRS adoption can occur in a very different accounting regime and have positive effects on capital markets and their accounting environment.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":53221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Accounting Auditing and Taxation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46735367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Robert K. Larson (Editor-in-Chief Journal of International Accounting Auditing and Taxation)
{"title":"Editor’s preface for December 2022 issue","authors":"Robert K. Larson (Editor-in-Chief Journal of International Accounting Auditing and Taxation)","doi":"10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2022.100518","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2022.100518","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Accounting Auditing and Taxation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44458390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How did IFRS 15 affect the revenue recognition practices and financial statements of firms? Evidence from Australia and New Zealand","authors":"Humayun Kabir, Li Su","doi":"10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2022.100507","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2022.100507","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>We provide evidence on how International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) 15, </span><em>Revenue from Contracts with Customers,</em><span> affected the revenue recognition practices and financial statements of firms in Australia and New Zealand. While firms used the modified retrospective method more than the full retrospective method, the usage varied by firm size. Although the majority of sample firms (63.38%) reported that the standard had either no impact or no material impact on their financial statements, the remaining 36.62% disclosed IFRS 15 impacts in notes to financial statements. The disclosure of impacts varied by sectors and firm size. The standard did not affect the accounting for standard retail sales transactions. However, it resulted in the deferral of revenue recognition for the majority of firms whose revenue recognition was impacted by the standard. For firms that disclosed IFRS 15 impacts on financial statements, revenue was the most affected item. Cost of goods sold, contract liabilities, and profit after tax were three other most affected financial statement items. Finally, the standard affected financial statements through multiple channels.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":53221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Accounting Auditing and Taxation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48084334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}