Marine Life Science & Technology最新文献

{"title":"Genomic diversity and ecological distribution of marine <i>Pseudoalteromonas</i> phages.","authors":"Kaiyang Zheng,&nbsp;Yue Dong,&nbsp;Yantao Liang,&nbsp;Yundan Liu,&nbsp;Xinran Zhang,&nbsp;Wenjing Zhang,&nbsp;Ziyue Wang,&nbsp;Hongbing Shao,&nbsp;Yeong Yik Sung,&nbsp;Wen Jye Mok,&nbsp;Li Lian Wong,&nbsp;Andrew McMinn,&nbsp;Min Wang","doi":"10.1007/s42995-022-00160-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42995-022-00160-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Pseudoalteromonas</i>, with a ubiquitous distribution, is one of the most abundant marine bacterial genera. It is especially abundant in the deep sea and polar seas, where it has been found to have a broad metabolic capacity and unique co-existence strategies with other organisms. However, only a few <i>Pseudoalteromonas</i> phages have so far been isolated and investigated and their genomic diversity and distribution patterns are still unclear. Here, the genomes, taxonomic features and distribution patterns of <i>Pseudoalteromonas</i> phages are systematically analyzed, based on the microbial and viral genomes and metagenome datasets. A total of 143 complete or nearly complete <i>Pseudoalteromonas</i>-associated phage genomes (PSAPGs) were identified, including 34 <i>Pseudoalteromonas</i> phage isolates, 24 proviruses, and 85 <i>Pseudoalteromonas</i>-associated uncultured viral genomes (UViGs); these were assigned to 47 viral clusters at the genus level. Many integrated proviruses (<i>n</i> = 24) and filamentous phages were detected (<i>n</i> = 32), suggesting the prevalence of viral lysogenic life cycle in <i>Pseudoalteromonas</i>. PSAPGs encoded 66 types of 249 potential auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) relating to peptidases and nucleotide metabolism. They may also participate in marine biogeochemical cycles through the manipulation of the metabolism of their hosts, especially in the phosphorus and sulfur cycles. Siphoviral and filamentous PSAPGs were the predominant viral lineages found in polar areas, while some myoviral and siphoviral PSAPGs encoding transposase were more abundant in the deep sea. This study has expanded our understanding of the taxonomy, phylogenetic and ecological scope of marine <i>Pseudoalteromonas</i> phages and deepens our knowledge of viral impacts on <i>Pseudoalteromonas</i>. It will provide a baseline for the study of interactions between phages and <i>Pseudoalteromonas</i> in the ocean.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-022-00160-z.</p>","PeriodicalId":53218,"journal":{"name":"Marine Life Science & Technology","volume":"5 2","pages":"271-285"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10232697/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9584952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeted isolation of antitubercular cycloheptapeptides and an unusual pyrroloindoline-containing new analog, asperpyrroindotide A, using LC-MS/MS-based molecular networking.","authors":"Yi-Qian Han, Qun Zhang, Wei-Feng Xu, Yang Hai, Rong Chao, Cui-Fang Wang, Xue-Mei Hou, Mei-Yan Wei, Yu-Cheng Gu, Chang-Yun Wang, Chang-Lun Shao","doi":"10.1007/s42995-022-00157-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42995-022-00157-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Further insights on the secondary metabolites of a soft coral-derived fungus <i>Aspergillus versicolor</i> under the guidance of MS/MS-based molecular networking led to the isolation of seven known cycloheptapeptides, namely, asperversiamides A-C (<b>1</b>-<b>3</b>) and asperheptatides A-D (<b>4</b>-<b>7</b>) and an unusual pyrroloindoline-containing new cycloheptapeptide, asperpyrroindotide A (<b>8</b>). The structure of <b>8</b> was elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis, and its absolute configuration was determined by advanced Marfey's method. The semisynthetic transformation of <b>1</b> into <b>8</b> was successfully achieved and the reaction conditions were optimized. Additionally, a series of new derivatives (<b>10</b>-<b>19</b>) of asperversiamide A (<b>1</b>) was semi-synthesized and their anti-tubercular activities were evaluated against <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> H37Ra. The preliminary structure-activity relationships revealed that the serine hydroxy groups and the tryptophan residue are important to the activity.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-022-00157-8.</p>","PeriodicalId":53218,"journal":{"name":"Marine Life Science & Technology","volume":"5 1","pages":"85-93"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9854410/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9082139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An expectation-maximization algorithm for estimating proportions of deletions among bacterial populations with application to study antibiotic resistance gene transfer in <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>.","authors":"Yu Zhang, Cong Zhang, Wenwen Huo, Xinlei Wang, Michael Zhang, Kelli Palmer, Min Chen","doi":"10.1007/s42995-022-00144-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42995-022-00144-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emergence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria limits the availability of antibiotic choices for treatment and infection control, thereby representing a major threat to human health. The de novo mutation of bacterial genomes is an essential mechanism by which bacteria acquire antibiotic resistance. Previously, deletion mutations within bacterial immune systems, ranging from dozens to thousands of base pairs (bps) in length, have been associated with the spread of antibiotic resistance. Most current methods for evaluating genomic structural variations (SVs) have concentrated on detecting them, rather than estimating the proportions of populations that carry distinct SVs. A better understanding of the distribution of mutations and subpopulations dynamics in bacterial populations is needed to appreciate antibiotic resistance evolution and movement of resistance genes through populations. Here, we propose a statistical model to estimate the proportions of genomic deletions in a mixed population based on Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithms and next-generation sequencing (NGS) data. The method integrates both insert size and split-read mapping information to iteratively update estimated distributions. The proposed method was evaluated with three simulations that demonstrated the production of accurate estimations. The proposed method was then applied to investigate the horizontal transfers of antibiotic resistance genes in concert with changes in the CRISPR-Cas system of <i>E. faecalis</i>.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-022-00144-z.</p>","PeriodicalId":53218,"journal":{"name":"Marine Life Science & Technology","volume":"5 1","pages":"28-43"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9888353/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9392243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative studies on three new freshwater <i>Amphileptus</i> species (Ciliophora, Pleurostomatida) discovered in northern China.","authors":"Gongaote Zhang, Yalan Sheng, Yujie Liu, Xiao Cao, Saleh A Al-Farraj, Peter Vďačný, Hongbo Pan","doi":"10.1007/s42995-022-00143-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42995-022-00143-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The morphology and molecular phylogeny of freshwater pleurostomatid ciliates are insufficiently explored. In the present study, we investigated three new <i>Amphileptus</i> species discovered in Lake Weishan and its vicinity, northern China, using standard alpha-taxonomic methods. <i>Amphileptus paracarchesii</i> sp. nov. is characterized by a lateral fossa (groove) in the posterior body portion, four macronuclear nodules, contractile vacuoles distributed along the dorsal margin, and 4-6 left and 44-50 right somatic kineties. <i>Amphileptus pilosus</i> sp. nov. differs from congeners by having 4-14 macronuclear nodules, numerous contractile vacuoles scattered throughout the cytoplasm, and 22-31 left and 35-42 right somatic kineties. <i>Amphileptus orientalis</i> sp. nov. is characterized by two ellipsoidal macronuclear nodules, three ventral contractile vacuoles, and about four left and 31-35 right somatic kineties. Phylogenetic analyses of nuclear small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequences indicate that the family Amphileptidae might be monophyletic while the genus <i>Amphileptus</i> is paraphyletic, as <i>Pseudoamphileptus macrostoma</i> robustly groups with <i>Amphileptus</i> sp. Although deep phylogenetic relationships of amphileptids are poorly resolved, multiple well-delimited species groups are recognizable within the genus <i>Amphileptus</i>.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-022-00143-0.</p>","PeriodicalId":53218,"journal":{"name":"Marine Life Science & Technology","volume":"4 4","pages":"452-470"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10077290/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9384458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogeny of the anaerobic ciliate genus <i>Sonderia</i> (Protista: Ciliophora: Plagiopylea), including the description of three novel species and a brief revision of the genus.","authors":"Ran Li, Wenbao Zhuang, Xiaochen Feng, Saleh A Al-Farraj, Alan Warren, Xiaozhong Hu","doi":"10.1007/s42995-022-00142-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42995-022-00142-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anaerobic protists in general, and ciliates in particular, are important components of anoxic or hypoxic environments, however, their diversity remains underestimated. <i>Sonderia</i> is a poorly studied genus that is distributed worldwide and is commonly found in anaerobic environments. In the present study, the taxonomy and phylogeny of three new species, namely <i>Sonderia aposinuata</i> sp. nov., <i>Sonderia paramacrochilus</i> sp. nov. and <i>Sonderia steini</i> sp. nov., collected from China, were investigated based on microscopic observations and SSU rRNA gene sequencing methods. <i>Sonderia aposinuata</i> sp. nov. is diagnosed mainly by having a relatively large body size, a crescent-shaped oral opening, numerous slender extrusomes, one suture on the ventral side and two on the dorsal side, and a buccal cavity that occupies the anterior third of the cell. <i>Sonderia paramacrochilus</i> sp. nov. closely resembles <i>S. macrochilus</i> but differs mainly by its oral opening being located closer to the anterior cell margin and its spindle-shaped extrusomes. <i>Sonderia steini</i> sp. nov. is a freshwater species that can be recognized by its shallow buccal cavity, sparsely distributed rod-shaped extrusomes, and having 68-79 monokinetidal somatic kineties that form sutures on both sides of the body. Phylogenetic analyses based on small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene sequence data support the monophyly of the family Sonderiidae, however, <i>Sonderia</i> is paraphyletic. The genus <i>Sonderia</i> is briefly revised and a key to the identification of species belonging to this genus is supplied.</p>","PeriodicalId":53218,"journal":{"name":"Marine Life Science & Technology","volume":"4 4","pages":"493-512"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10077210/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9384457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodiversity of freshwater ciliates (Protista, Ciliophora) in the Lake Weishan Wetland, China: the state of the art.","authors":"Zhe Wang, Yong Chi, Tao Li, Wenya Song, Yunfeng Wang, Tong Wu, Gongaote Zhang, Yujie Liu, Honggang Ma, Weibo Song, Khaled A S Al-Rasheid, Alan Warren, Borong Lu","doi":"10.1007/s42995-022-00154-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42995-022-00154-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ciliates are core components of the structure of and function of aquatic microbial food webs. They play an essential role in the energy flow and material circulation within aquatic ecosystems. However, studies on the taxonomy and biodiversity of freshwater ciliates, especially those in wetlands in China are limited. To address this issue, a project to investigate the freshwater ciliates of the Lake Weishan Wetland, Shandong Province, commenced in 2019. Here, we summarize our findings to date on the diversity of ciliates. A total of 187 ciliate species have been found, 94 of which are identified to species-level, 87 to genus-level, and six to family-level. These species show a high morphological diversity and represent five classes, i.e., Heterotrichea, Litostomatea, Prostomatea, Oligohymenophorea, and Spirotrichea. The largest number of species documented are oligohymenophoreans. A comprehensive database of these ciliates, including morphological data, gene sequences, microscope slide specimens and a DNA bank, has been established. In the present study, we provide an annotated checklist of retrieved ciliates as well as information on the sequences of published species. Most of these species are recorded in China for the first time and more than 20% are tentatively identified as new to science. Additionally, an investigation of environmental DNA revealed that the ciliate species diversity in Lake Weishan Wetland is higher than previously supposed.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-022-00154-x.</p>","PeriodicalId":53218,"journal":{"name":"Marine Life Science & Technology","volume":"4 4","pages":"429-451"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10077249/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10289130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The widely reported but poorly studied ciliate family Folliculinidae (Protozoa, Ciliophora, Heterotrichea): a revision with notes on its taxonomy, morphology and phylogenetic relationships.","authors":"Tingting Ye, Yaohan Jiang, Shuchang Chen, Yixiang Xu, Lifang Li, Mann Kyoon Shin, Xiangrui Chen","doi":"10.1007/s42995-022-00152-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42995-022-00152-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ciliates of the heterotrich family Folliculinidae are widespread in various habitats and are distinguished by their transparent loricae of various shapes, conspicuous peristomial lobes, and dimorphic life cycles. They usually attach firmly to the surface of substrates, feed on bacteria and microalgae, and play a significant role in energy flow and material cycling in the microbial food web. However, little is known regarding their biodiversity and systematics. In this work, we establish the terminology of the family Folliculinidae and select six crucial features for genus recognition. Based on previous studies, we revise the classification of Folliculinidae, supply improved diagnoses for each of the 33 folliculinid genera, and provide a key to their identification. Moreover, phylogenetic analyses based on small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequences revealed that the family is monophyletic and comprises two subclades (subclades I II) which can be identified by the flexibility of their peristomial lobes and the sculpturing of their necks. Furthermore, we investigate the evolutionary relationships of folliculinids using the six chosen generic features.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-022-00152-z.</p>","PeriodicalId":53218,"journal":{"name":"Marine Life Science & Technology","volume":"4 4","pages":"471-492"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10077228/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9384460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Hypotrichidium tisiae</i> (Gelei, 1929) Gelei, 1954: a unique hypotrichid ciliate having a highly specialized developmental pattern during binary division.","authors":"Xiaotian Luo, Jie Huang, Honggang Ma, Yujie Liu, Xiaoteng Lu, William A Bourland","doi":"10.1007/s42995-022-00148-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42995-022-00148-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In sharp contrast to their pelagic relatives, the oligotrichs, the overwhelming majority of hypotrich ciliates inhabit the benthos. Only a few species, including those of the genus <i>Hypotrichidium</i> Ilowaisky, 1921, have adapted to a planktonic lifestyle. The ontogenetic mode of the highly differentiated ciliate, <i>Hypotrichidium tisiae</i> (Gelei, 1929) Gelei, 1954, is unknown. In this study, the interphase morphology and the ontogenetic process of this species are investigated. Accordingly, the previously unidentified ciliary pattern of <i>Hypotrichidium</i> is redefined. The main morphogenetic features are as follows: (1) The parental adoral zone of membranelles is inherited completely by the proter and the oral primordium of the opisthe arises in a deep pouch. (2) Five frontoventral cirral anlagen (FVA) are formed: FVA I contributes to the single frontal cirrus, FVA II-IV generate three frontoventral cirral rows, FVA V migrates and forms postoral ventral cirri. (3) All marginal cirral row anlagen develop de novo: each of the two left anlagen forms a single cirral row, while the single right anlage fragments into anterior and posterior parts. (4) Two dorsal kinety anlagen occur de novo, with the right one fragmenting to form kineties 2 and 3. (5) Two long caudal cirral rows are formed at the ends of dorsal kineties 1 and 3. On the basis of the morphogenetic features and phylogenetic analyses, the assignment of <i>Hypotrichidium</i> to the family Spirofilidae Gelei, 1929 within Postoralida is supported. The establishment of separate families for the slender \"tubicolous\" spirofilids and the highly helical spirofilids is also validated.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-022-00148-9.</p>","PeriodicalId":53218,"journal":{"name":"Marine Life Science & Technology","volume":"4 4","pages":"536-550"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10077263/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10289128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Doublets of the unicellular organism <i>Euplotes vannus</i> (Alveolata, Ciliophora, Euplotida): the morphogenetic patterns of the ciliary and nuclear apparatuses associated with cell division.","authors":"Jinyu Fu, Yong Chi, Xiaoteng Lu, Feng Gao, Saleh A Al-Farraj, Giulio Petroni, Jiamei Jiang","doi":"10.1007/s42995-022-00150-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42995-022-00150-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ciliated protists are one of the most diverse and highly differentiated group among unicellular organisms. Doublets occur in ciliates when two cells fuse into a single individual. Doublets contain two major cellular components (either cell in a doublet) and have traditionally been considered as developmental anomalies. Nevertheless, doublets can divide or even conjugate effectively, which may represent dispersal forms of the life stages. In addition, morphogenesis, as an important process in the life cycle, will provide important insights into the complex differentiation mechanism and various physiological phenomena. However, morphogenetic studies focusing on doublets of ciliates are very limited, which has become an obstacle to understand their complete life history. Here we isolated a doublet strain from the marine species <i>Euplotes vannus</i> (Müller, 1786) Diesing, 1850 and investigated its morphogenetic events during asexual reproduction. Our results indicate that: (1) the opisthe's oral primordium develops de novo beneath the cortex; (2) the frontoventral and transverse cirral anlagen, cirrus I/1, and marginal anlagen in both dividers develop de novo separately; (3) the dorsal kinety anlagen, the three rightmost ones of which produce three caudal cirri for the proter, occur within the parental structures in the mid-body region; (4) the opisthe acquires two caudal cirri, one from the end of each two rightmost kineties; and (5) there are two macronuclei and one micronucleus in the doublet and they divide amitotically and mitotically, respectively. Finally, we speculate that this special differentiation may be an adaptive form to adverse environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":53218,"journal":{"name":"Marine Life Science & Technology","volume":"4 4","pages":"527-535"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10077243/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9389996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New considerations on the phylogeny of Sessilida (Protista: Ciliophora: Peritrichia) based on multiple-gene information, with emphasis on colonial taxa.","authors":"Zhe Wang, Xiaoting Feng, Lifang Li, Khaled A S Al-Rasheid, Alan Warren, Chundi Wang, Zemao Gu","doi":"10.1007/s42995-022-00155-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42995-022-00155-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The subclass Peritrichia, containing two orders Sessilida and Mobilida, is a major group of ciliates with worldwide distribution and high species diversity. Several studies have investigated the phylogeny of peritrichs; however, the evolutionary relationships and classification of some families and genera within the Sessilida remain unclear. In the present study, we isolated and identified 22 peritrich populations representing four families and six genera and obtained 64 rDNA sequences to perform phylogenetic analyses and assess their systematic relationships. Ancestral character reconstruction was also carried out to infer evolutionary routes within the Sessilida. The results indicate: (1) family Vaginicolidae is monophyletic and acquisition of the typical peritrich lorica represents a single evolutionary divergence; (2) core epistylidids evolved from a <i>Zoothamnium</i>-like ancestor and experienced spasmoneme loss during evolution; (3) <i>Campanella</i> clusters with species in the basal clade and shows stable morphological differences with other epistylidids, supporting its assignment to a separate family; (4) the structure of the peristomial lip may be a genus-level character rather than a diagnostic character for discriminating Epistylididae and Operculariidae, thus a redefinition of Operculariidae should be carried out when more species have been investigated; (5) some characters, such as lifestyle (solitary or colonial), spasmoneme and living habit (sessile or free-swimming), evolved repeatedly among sessilids indicating that species with non-contractile stalks or that are free-swimming have multiple evolutionary routes and might derive from any sessilid lineage without a lorica. The close phylogenetic relationships of some morphologically distinct sessilids imply that the diagnoses of some genera and families should be improved.</p>","PeriodicalId":53218,"journal":{"name":"Marine Life Science & Technology","volume":"4 4","pages":"569-583"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10077168/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9378205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}