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The Political Economy of Xi Jinping’s Political Rollback

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ISSUES & STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-06-23 DOI: 10.1142/s1013251121500077

Yitao Tao

{"title":"The Political Economy of Xi Jinping’s Political Rollback","authors":"Yitao Tao","doi":"10.1142/s1013251121500077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1013251121500077","url":null,"abstract":"When Xi Jinping had just come to power in 2012, the world expected that he would continue the development trajectory of economic liberalization and political institutionalization set in motion by Deng Xiaoping. However, when the National People’s Congress abolished the presidential term limit in the Chinese Constitution in March of 2018, it suddenly became clear that Xi had chosen to “roll back” from Deng’s policy line in nearly every aspect of the Chinese Party-state system. How does one explain Xi’s sudden departure from Deng’s policy line? In comparison with the resurgence of other authoritarian regimes of the 1960s and 1970s in Latin America and East Asia, this paper argues that the cause of Xi’s political rollback lies in the exhaustion of the previous development model. More specifically, the exhaustion of export-led growth in the mid-2000s had made the existing distributive coalition unsustainable. The power struggle within the political coalition therefore intensified and finally led to Xi’s monopoly over political power. The argument of this paper will proceed through four parts. It will begin with a literature review of comparative authoritarianism with a particular focus on the impact of a development crisis on the survival of political coalitions. It is followed by an analysis of the contributions of China’s export-led growth to the sustainability of the political coalition during the eras of Jiang Zemin and Hu Jintao. Then, it will explain how the exhaustion of export-led growth led to a power struggle within the political coalition and how through a re-orientation of the development model, Xi has gradually concentrated power into his own hands. Finally, it will discuss the theoretical implications of China’s case.","PeriodicalId":53213,"journal":{"name":"ISSUES & STUDIES","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82065780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Illiberal Media in a Liberal Democracy: Examining Identity in Australia’s Mandarin Language News 自由民主下的非自由媒体:检视澳洲华语新闻的身份认同

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ISSUES & STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-06-21 DOI: 10.1142/s1013251121500053

Michael J. Jensen, Titus C Chen

{"title":"Illiberal Media in a Liberal Democracy: Examining Identity in Australia’s Mandarin Language News","authors":"Michael J. Jensen, Titus C Chen","doi":"10.1142/s1013251121500053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1013251121500053","url":null,"abstract":"The regime of censorship in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) extends beyond its borders through the extraterritorial application of its media regulations to popular social media platforms like WeChat. This research investigates the effects of the PRC’s extraterritorial control of online content on the identity narratives and norms communicated by comparing Australia’s Special Broadcast Service (SBS) Mandarin language news and the news targeting Australian audiences published on popular WeChat Official Accounts (OAs). We find significant differences in the news content between these two platforms: SBS provides more political content and a focus on political and cultural integration, while WeChat pages tend to avoid political topics that are not otherwise press releases from the PRC and they encourage strong cultural ties with Mainland China. Finally, SBS tends to both inform and cultivate democratic political identities and identification with the Australian political system, whereas WeChat tends to differentiate the Chinese diaspora from the wider Australian community. We situate these findings within a wider understanding of PRC’s national security strategies and doctrine. Whether by requirement or practice, not only the WeChat OAs in Australia implement PRC’s communication controls, but the content on these pages also challenges the liberal democratic practices and norms and supports foreign influence and espionage in Australia.","PeriodicalId":53213,"journal":{"name":"ISSUES & STUDIES","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77579777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Law, Order and Social Control in Xi’s China

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ISSUES & STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-06-12 DOI: 10.1142/S1013251121500065

Ben Hillman

引用次数: 1

More Stick than Carrot?: Xi’s Policy toward Establishment Intellectuals 大棒多于胡萝卜?

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ISSUES & STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-06-12 DOI: 10.1142/S1013251121500089

F. W. Yang

引用次数: 0

Building a Hyper-Stability Structure: The Mechanisms of Social Stability Maintenance in Xi’s China

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ISSUES & STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-03-19 DOI: 10.1142/S1013251121500028

Hsin-Hsien Wang, Wei-Feng Tzeng

引用次数: 1

Post-Democracy and Historicism: The Hidden Origin of the Korea-Japan Trade War 后民主主义与历史主义:韩日贸易战的隐性根源

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ISSUES & STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-03-19 DOI: 10.1142/S101325112150003X

Ji-Whan Yun

引用次数: 0

Dual-Identity Incompatibility as a Cause of Radicalization: A Case Study of Hong Kong 双重身份不相容导致激进化:以香港为例

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ISSUES & STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1142/S1013251121500041

V. Ng

{"title":"Dual-Identity Incompatibility as a Cause of Radicalization: A Case Study of Hong Kong","authors":"V. Ng","doi":"10.1142/S1013251121500041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S1013251121500041","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on increasing support for radical means among the Hong Kong youth. Previous studies have suggested the incompatibility between two components of a dual identity as a cause of radicalization, yet few have explored the mechanics of this process in detail. This study employs qualitative methods to investigate how the growing incompatibility between the identity of Hong Kong citizens as Hongkongers and as Chinese may contribute to radicalization among tertiary students. This study first conducted quantitative analyses to confirm the positive relationship between identity incompatibility and support for radical means. Past research has argued that nested identities should not be perceived as mutually exclusive. However, qualitative interviews revealed that some respondents did perceive the two identities in zero-sum terms and saw mainland China as a “cultural other.” Our study distinguished these two types of identity incompatibilities as either an “ambiguous incompatibility” or a “manifest incompatibility.” We propose that a “manifest incompatibility” has contributed to radicalization through three pathways: (1) pathways defined by the need for an identity, (2) emotional pathways, and (3) ideological pathways. Support for radical means is likely driven by a variety of factors that include perceived threats to a local identity, the negative emotions that accompany identity incompatibility, and the adoption of a new ideology that involves the rejection of previously accepted moral principles. By illuminating the possible mechanisms that explain how identity incompatibility may lead to a rise in support for the use of radical means, this study not only contributes to the theoretical discussion on radicalization but also sheds light on the widespread participation in recent protests in Hong Kong.","PeriodicalId":53213,"journal":{"name":"ISSUES & STUDIES","volume":"139 1","pages":"2150004"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80745165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Durability of China’s Lawmaking Process under Xi Jinping: A Tale of Two Foreign Investment Laws

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ISSUES & STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-02-10 DOI: 10.1142/S1013251121500016

Xiaojun Li

引用次数: 0

INDEX OF VOLUME 56, Nos. 1—4 (March, June, September, and December 2020) 56卷1-4号索引(2020年3月、6月、9月、12月)

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ISSUES & STUDIES Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1142/s1013251120990015

引用次数: 0

Temporary Workers and Collective-Action Preferences in China 中国临时工与集体行动偏好

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ISSUES & STUDIES Pub Date : 2020-10-21 DOI: 10.1142/s1013251120500034

E. Choi

引用次数: 0