Journal of Physics Complexity最新文献_第5页

Strength of minority ties: the role of homophily and group composition in a weighted social network 少数群体联系的强度：加权社会网络中同亲关系和群体构成的作用

IF 2.7

Journal of Physics Complexity Pub Date : 2024-02-16 DOI: 10.1088/2632-072x/ad2720

José R Nicolás-Carlock, Denis Boyer, Sandra E Smith-Aguilar, Gabriel Ramos-Fernández

{"title":"Strength of minority ties: the role of homophily and group composition in a weighted social network","authors":"José R Nicolás-Carlock, Denis Boyer, Sandra E Smith-Aguilar, Gabriel Ramos-Fernández","doi":"10.1088/2632-072x/ad2720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-072x/ad2720","url":null,"abstract":"Homophily describes a fundamental tie-formation mechanism in social networks in which connections between similar nodes occur at a higher rate than among dissimilar ones. In this article, we present an extension of the weighted social network (WSN) model that, under an explicit homophily principle, quantifies the emergence of attribute-dependent properties of a social system. To test our model, we make use of empirical association data of a group of free-ranging spider monkeys in Yucatan, Mexico. Our homophilic WSN model reproduces many of the properties of the empirical association network with statistical significance, specifically, the average weight of sex-dependent interactions (female-female, female-male, male-male), the weight distribution function, as well as many weighted macro properties (node strength, weighted clustering, and weighted number of modules), even for different age group combinations (adults, subadults, and juveniles). Furthermore, by performing simulations with fitted parameters, we show that one of the main features of a spider monkey social system, namely, stronger male-male interactions over female-female or female-male ones, can be accounted for by an asymmetry in the node-type composition of a bipartisan network, independently of group size. The reinforcement of connections among members of minority groups could be a general structuring mechanism in homophilic social networks.","PeriodicalId":53211,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics Complexity","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140011039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The complexity of climate change mitigation: an experiment with large groups 减缓气候变化的复杂性：大型团体实验

IF 2.7

Journal of Physics Complexity Pub Date : 2024-02-14 DOI: 10.1088/2632-072x/ad2372

Antonio Alfonso, Pablo Brañas-Garza, Antonio Cabrales, Angel Sánchez

{"title":"The complexity of climate change mitigation: an experiment with large groups","authors":"Antonio Alfonso, Pablo Brañas-Garza, Antonio Cabrales, Angel Sánchez","doi":"10.1088/2632-072x/ad2372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-072x/ad2372","url":null,"abstract":"We have studied the problem of climate change mitigation in large groups by means of a series of experiments with 1785 people. Our participants included both young university students and people of relevance in different organizations, in particular, those attending the presentation of the annual report on innovation by Fundación COTEC (Spain). In the experiment, the participants, distributed in groups of more than 100 people, faced a dilemma: to avoid a global catastrophe that destroys any possibility of making profits, a certain collective sacrifice has to be made by contributing to reach a global threshold. When the threshold was low, the students reached the amount of overall contribution necessary to avoid it. But in the case of a high threshold, none of the populations reached the threshold. In fact, they were far from it. In this sense, the collective behavior of the students and of people of relevance was fundamentally the same. The majority of participants in the high-risk case fell into four categories: those who did not contribute (around 10%), those who contribute half of their means (15%) but less than the fair share required to reach the threshold, those who contributed the fair share (10%), and those who contributed everything they had, so that their personal benefit was zero. In the case of students this last percentage was 10%, but in the other sample it reached almost 30%. We also found that individuals could be classified as being optimistic or pessimistic, and in general they behaved accordingly with regard to their contributions. Our results highlight the complexity of mitigating climate change in large groups and specially the difficulty in communicating the issue to foster action in a general population.","PeriodicalId":53211,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics Complexity","volume":"141 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140011032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Filtering higher-order datasets 筛选高阶数据集

IF 2.7

Journal of Physics Complexity Pub Date : 2024-02-13 DOI: 10.1088/2632-072x/ad253a

Nicholas W Landry, Ilya Amburg, Mirah Shi, Sinan G Aksoy

引用次数: 0

Rewiring driven evolution of quenched frustrated signed network 淬火受挫签名网络的重布线驱动演化

IF 2.7

Journal of Physics Complexity Pub Date : 2024-01-16 DOI: 10.1088/2632-072x/ad1a1a

Sven Benjamin Kožić, Salvatore Marco Giampaolo, Vinko Zlatić

引用次数: 0

Epidemic modelling requires knowledge of the social network 流行病建模需要社会网络知识

IF 2.7

Journal of Physics Complexity Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.1088/2632-072x/ad19e0

Samuel Johnson

{"title":"Epidemic modelling requires knowledge of the social network","authors":"Samuel Johnson","doi":"10.1088/2632-072x/ad19e0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-072x/ad19e0","url":null,"abstract":"‘Compartmental models’ of epidemics are widely used to forecast the effects of communicable diseases such as COVID-19 and to guide policy. Although it has long been known that such processes take place on social networks, the assumption of ‘random mixing’ is usually made, which ignores network structure. However, ‘super-spreading events’ have been found to be power-law distributed, suggesting that the underlying networks may be scale free or at least highly heterogeneous. The random-mixing assumption would then produce an overestimation of the herd-immunity threshold for given <italic toggle=\"yes\">R</italic>\u0000<sub>0</sub>; and a (more significant) overestimation of <italic toggle=\"yes\">R</italic>\u0000<sub>0</sub> itself. These two errors compound each other, and can lead to forecasts greatly overestimating the number of infections. Moreover, if networks are heterogeneous and change in time, multiple waves of infection can occur, which are not predicted by random mixing. A simple SIR model simulated on both Erdős–Rényi and scale-free networks shows that details of the network structure can be more important than the intrinsic transmissibility of a disease. It is therefore crucial to incorporate network information into standard models of epidemics.","PeriodicalId":53211,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics Complexity","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139509173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inferring comparative advantage via entropy maximization 通过熵最大化推断比较优势

IF 2.7

Journal of Physics Complexity Pub Date : 2023-12-28 DOI: 10.1088/2632-072x/ad1411

Matteo Bruno, Dario Mazzilli, Aurelio Patelli, Tiziano Squartini, Fabio Saracco

{"title":"Inferring comparative advantage via entropy maximization","authors":"Matteo Bruno, Dario Mazzilli, Aurelio Patelli, Tiziano Squartini, Fabio Saracco","doi":"10.1088/2632-072x/ad1411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-072x/ad1411","url":null,"abstract":"We revise the procedure proposed by Balassa to infer comparative advantage, which is a standard tool in Economics to analyze specialization (of countries, regions, etc). Balassa’s approach compares a country’s export of a given product with what would be expected from a benchmark based on the total volumes of countries and product flows. Based on results in the literature, we show that implementing Balassa’s idea leads to conditions for estimating parameters conflicting with the information content of the model itself. Moreover, Balassa’s approach does not implement any statistical validation. Hence, we propose an alternative procedure to overcome such a limitation, based upon the framework of entropy maximization and implementing a proper test of hypothesis: the ‘key products’ of a country are, now, the ones whose production is significantly larger than expected, under a null-model constraining the same amount of information defining Balassa’s approach. What we found is that country diversification is always observed, regardless of the strictness of the validation procedure. Besides, the ranking of countries’ fitnesses is only partially affected by the details of the validation scheme employed for the analysis while large differences are found to affect the rankings of product complexities. The routine for implementing the entropy-based filtering procedures employed here is freely available through the official Python Package Index <monospace>PyPI</monospace>.","PeriodicalId":53211,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics Complexity","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139093334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Computational phase transition signature in Gibbs sampling 吉布斯采样中的计算相变特征

IF 2.7

Journal of Physics Complexity Pub Date : 2023-12-27 DOI: 10.1088/2632-072x/ad1410

Hariphan Philathong, Vishwanathan Akshay, Igor Zacharov, Jacob Biamonte

{"title":"Computational phase transition signature in Gibbs sampling","authors":"Hariphan Philathong, Vishwanathan Akshay, Igor Zacharov, Jacob Biamonte","doi":"10.1088/2632-072x/ad1410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-072x/ad1410","url":null,"abstract":"Gibbs sampling is fundamental to a wide range of computer algorithms. Such algorithms are set to be replaced by physics based processors—be it quantum or stochastic annealing devices—which embed problem instances and evolve a physical system into a low-energy ensemble to recover a probability distribution. At a critical constraint to variable ratio, satisfiability (SAT) problem instances exhibit a SAT-UNSAT transition (frustrated to frustration free). Algorithms require increasing computational resources from this critical point. This is a so called, algorithmic or computational phase transition and has extensively been studied. In this paper we consider the complexity in sampling and recovering ground states from resultant distributions of a physics based processor. In particular, we first consider the ideal Gibbs distributions at some fixed inverse temperature and observe that the success probability in sampling and recovering ground states decrease for instances starting at the critical density. Furthermore, simulating the Gibbs distribution, we employ Ising spin dynamics, which play a crucial role in understanding of non-equilibrium statistical physics, to find their steady states of 2-SAT Hamiltonians. We observe that beyond the critical density, the probability of sampling ground states decreases. Our results apply to several contemporary devices and provide a means to experimentally probe a signature of the computational phase transition.","PeriodicalId":53211,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics Complexity","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139052159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From statistical physics to social sciences: the pitfalls of multi-disciplinarity 从统计物理学到社会科学：多学科性的陷阱

IF 2.7

Journal of Physics Complexity Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.1088/2632-072x/ad104a

Jean-Philippe Bouchaud

{"title":"From statistical physics to social sciences: the pitfalls of multi-disciplinarity","authors":"Jean-Philippe Bouchaud","doi":"10.1088/2632-072x/ad104a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-072x/ad104a","url":null,"abstract":"This is the English version of my inaugural lecture at Collège de France in 2021. I reflect on the difficulty of multi-disciplinary research, which often hinges on unexpected epistemological and methodological differences, for example about the scientific status of <italic toggle=\"yes\">models</italic>. What is the purpose of a model? What are we ultimately trying to establish: rigorous theorems or <italic toggle=\"yes\">ad-hoc</italic> calculation recipes; absolute truth, or heuristic representations of the world? I argue that the main contribution of statistical physics to social and economic sciences is to make us realise that unexpected behaviour can emerge at the aggregate level, that isolated individuals would never experience. Crises, panics, opinion reversals, the spread of rumours or beliefs, fashion effects and the <italic toggle=\"yes\">zeitgeist</italic>, but also the existence of money, lasting institutions, social norms and stable societies, must be understood in terms of collective belief and/or trust, self-sustained by interactions, or on the contrary, the rapid collapse of this belief or trust. The appendix contains my opening remarks to the workshop ‘More is Different’, as a tribute to Phil Anderson.","PeriodicalId":53211,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics Complexity","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138692692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Energy landscapes of some matching-problem ensembles 一些匹配问题集合的能量景观

IF 2.7

Journal of Physics Complexity Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.1088/2632-072x/ad0d88

Till Kahlke, Alexander K Hartmann

引用次数: 0

Zoo guide to network embedding Zoo 网络嵌入指南

IF 2.7

Journal of Physics Complexity Pub Date : 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.1088/2632-072x/ad0e23

A Baptista, R J Sánchez-García, A Baudot, G Bianconi

引用次数: 1