Designs Pub Date : 2023-10-07 DOI: 10.3390/designs7050116

Adawiya Ali Hamzah, Abbas Fadhil Abbas, M. N. Mohammed, H. S. S. Aljibori, Hazim U. Jamali, Oday I. Abdullah

{"title":"An Evaluation of the Design Parameters of a Variable Bearing Profile Considering Journal Perturbation in Rotor–Bearing Systems","authors":"Adawiya Ali Hamzah, Abbas Fadhil Abbas, M. N. Mohammed, H. S. S. Aljibori, Hazim U. Jamali, Oday I. Abdullah","doi":"10.3390/designs7050116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/designs7050116","url":null,"abstract":"A variety of bearing profile designs can be used to improve the performance of a rotor–bearing system in severe conditions, such as operating with a shaft misalignment. Misalignments usually occur due to a deformation of the journal, bearing wear, and installation errors. This paper investigates the effects of bearing design parameters under a 3D journal misalignment for a wide range of length-to-diameter ratios to consider short, finite-length, and long journal bearings. Furthermore, the dynamic response of the system to journal perturbation considering linear and parabolic bearing profiles is also investigated. A numerical solution is identified based on the finite difference method, and the equations of motion are derived based on a linear stability analysis in which the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method is used to obtain the journal trajectories. The results show that both profiles help to enhance the rotor–bearing system’s performance regarding the lubricant layer thickness and pressure distribution, in addition to the shaft critical speed over the entire considered range of length-to-diameter ratios. This enhancement reduces the misalignment negative effects on the system performance. The response of the rotor-bearing system to journal perturbation in the case of the parabolic profile are very close to the perfect alignment case in comparison with a linear modification.","PeriodicalId":53150,"journal":{"name":"Designs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135252237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

FPGA-Based Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Emulation of Power Electronics Circuit Using Device-Level Behavioral Modeling 基于fpga的电力电子电路硬件在环(HIL)仿真及器件级行为建模

Designs Pub Date : 2023-10-05 DOI: 10.3390/designs7050115

Mohamed Baghdadi, Elmostafa Elwarraki, Imane Ait Ayad

{"title":"FPGA-Based Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Emulation of Power Electronics Circuit Using Device-Level Behavioral Modeling","authors":"Mohamed Baghdadi, Elmostafa Elwarraki, Imane Ait Ayad","doi":"10.3390/designs7050115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/designs7050115","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate models of power electronic converters can greatly enhance the accuracy of hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulators. This can result in faster and more cost-effective design cycles in industrial applications. This paper presents a detailed hardware model of the IGBT and power diode at the device level suggested for emulating power electronic converters on a field programmable gate array (FPGA). The static visualization of the IGBT component involves an arrangement of equivalent models for both the MOSFET and bipolar transistor in a cascading configuration. The dynamic aspect is represented by inter-electrode nonlinear capacitances. In an effort to expedite the development process while still producing reliable results, the algorithm for the simulation system was built utilizing FPGA-based rapid prototyping via the HDL Coder in MATLAB software (R2019b). Essentially, the HDL Coder transforms the Simulink blocks of these devices within MATLAB into a hardware description language (HDL) suitable for implementation on an FPGA. To evaluate the suggested IGBT hardware model and the nonlinear circuit simulation technique, a chopper circuit is replicated, and an FPGA-in-the-loop simulation is carried out to compare the efficacy and accuracy of the model with both offline simulation results and real-time simulation results using MATLAB Simulink software and the Altera FPGA Cyclone IV GX development board.","PeriodicalId":53150,"journal":{"name":"Designs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134975794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of Raster Angle on the Elasticity of 3D-Printed Polylactic Acid and Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol 光栅角度对3d打印聚乳酸和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯弹性的影响

Designs Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.3390/designs7050112

Mohammed Aqeel Albadrani

{"title":"Effects of Raster Angle on the Elasticity of 3D-Printed Polylactic Acid and Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol","authors":"Mohammed Aqeel Albadrani","doi":"10.3390/designs7050112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/designs7050112","url":null,"abstract":"Because of its numerous advantages, 3D printing is widely employed for a variety of purposes. The mechanical characteristics of 3D-printed items are quite important. 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) is a common thermoplastic polymer due to its excellent characteristics and affordable cost. Because of its enhanced characteristics, polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) has recently received a lot of attention. Despite PETG’s potential appeal in the 3D-printing field, little research has been conducted to explore its qualities, such as the impacts of raster angle on elasticity, which could lead to the development of more accurate guidelines for inspection and assessment. In this regard, this study examines the mechanical characteristics of polylactic acid (PLA) and polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) 3D-printing specimens with different raster angles. Test specimens with raster angles of 15° and 30° were printed, and the stress–strain responses were recorded and compared with the simulated profiles generated using ANSYS software. The results showed that the raster angle significantly affected the mechanical properties of both types of materials. The simulated profile matched well with the experimental profile only in the case of PLA printed with a raster angle of 15°. These findings imply that extra effort should be made to ensure that the raster angle is tailored to yield the optimal mechanical properties of 3D-printed products.","PeriodicalId":53150,"journal":{"name":"Designs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135247354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Conventional and Switched Capacitor Boost Converters for Solar PV Integration: Dynamic MPPT Enhancement and Performance Evaluation 用于太阳能光伏集成的传统和开关电容升压转换器:动态MPPT增强和性能评估

Designs Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.3390/designs7050114

Mansour Hawsawi, Hanan Mikhael D. Habbi, Edrees Alhawsawi, Mohammed Yahya, Mohamed A. Zohdy

{"title":"Conventional and Switched Capacitor Boost Converters for Solar PV Integration: Dynamic MPPT Enhancement and Performance Evaluation","authors":"Mansour Hawsawi, Hanan Mikhael D. Habbi, Edrees Alhawsawi, Mohammed Yahya, Mohamed A. Zohdy","doi":"10.3390/designs7050114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/designs7050114","url":null,"abstract":"This paper designs two DC-DC converter configurations integrated with solar PV renewable energy resource. Its focuses on comparing two converter topologies: the conventional boost converter and the switched capacitor boost converter. The Perturb and Observe (P&O), Incremental Conductance (INC), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithms are employed to dynamically enhance the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) performance for both converters. The simulation results demonstrate that both converter topologies, when integrated with appropriate MPPT algorithms, can effectively harvest maximum power from the solar PV. However, the switched capacitor topology converter exhibits advantages in terms of current capabilities and voltage performance. In addition, combing the switched capacitor boost converter with the GA-MPPT algorithm improved the output voltage profile. The switched capacitor topology demonstrates distinct advantages by exhibiting enhanced current control, enabling improved handling of dynamic load changes and varying irradiance conditions. It shows voltage regulation, resulting in reduced output voltage fluctuations and enhanced stability, thereby optimizing energy extraction. The GA-MPPT simulation demonstrates a substantial increase in maximized output current for the switched capacitor boost configuration (70 A) when compared to the conventional type (10 A). The validation and implementation of the system models are carried out using MATLAB/Simulink.","PeriodicalId":53150,"journal":{"name":"Designs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135247547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

3D Printed Voronoi Structures Inspired by Paracentrotus lividus Shells 3D打印Voronoi结构的灵感来自于lividus壳

Designs Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.3390/designs7050113

Alexandros Efstathiadis, Ioanna Symeonidou, Konstantinos Tsongas, Emmanouil K. Tzimtzimis, Dimitrios Tzetzis

{"title":"3D Printed Voronoi Structures Inspired by Paracentrotus lividus Shells","authors":"Alexandros Efstathiadis, Ioanna Symeonidou, Konstantinos Tsongas, Emmanouil K. Tzimtzimis, Dimitrios Tzetzis","doi":"10.3390/designs7050113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/designs7050113","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper investigates the mechanical behavior of a biomimetic Voronoi structure, inspired by the microstructure of the shell of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, with its characteristic topological attributes constituting the technical evaluation stage of a novel biomimetic design strategy. A parametric design algorithm was used as a basis to generate design permutations with gradually increasing rod thickness, node count, and model smoothness, geometric parameters that define a Voronoi structure and increase its relative density as they are enhanced. Physical PLA specimens were manufactured with a fused filament fabrication (FFF) printer and subjected to quasi-static loading. Finite element analysis (FEA) was conducted in order to verify the experimental results. A minor discrepancy between the relative density of the designed and printed models was calculated. The tests revealed that the compressive behavior of the structure consists of an elastic region followed by a smooth plateau region and, finally, by the densification zone. The yield strength, compressive modulus, and plateau stress of the structure are improved as the specific geometric parameters are enhanced. The same trend is observed in the energy absorption capabilities of the structure while a reverse one characterizes the densification strain of the specimens. A second-degree polynomial relation is also identified between the modulus, plateau stress, and energy capacity when plotted against the relative density of the specimens. Distinct Voronoi morphologies can be acquired with similar mechanical characteristics, depending on the design requirements and application. Potential applications include lightweight structural materials and protective gear and accessories.","PeriodicalId":53150,"journal":{"name":"Designs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135246454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Systematic Review on the Implementation of Agility in Sustainable Design Development 敏捷性在可持续设计开发中的应用综述

Designs Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI: 10.3390/designs7050111

Zhining Zhao, Hassan Alli, Rosalam Che Me

引用次数: 0

Multi-Robot SLAM Using Fast LiDAR Odometry and Mapping 基于快速激光雷达测程和测绘的多机器人SLAM

Designs Pub Date : 2023-09-25 DOI: 10.3390/designs7050110

Basma Ahmed Jalil, Ibraheem Kasim Ibraheem

{"title":"Multi-Robot SLAM Using Fast LiDAR Odometry and Mapping","authors":"Basma Ahmed Jalil, Ibraheem Kasim Ibraheem","doi":"10.3390/designs7050110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/designs7050110","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an approach to implem enting centralized multirobot simultaneous localization and mapping (MR-SLAM) in an unknown environment based on LiDAR sensors. The suggested implementation addresses two main challenges faced in MR-SLAM, particularly in real-time applications: computing complexity (solving the problem with minimum time and resources) and map merging (finding the alignment between the maps and merging maps by integrating information from the aligned maps into one map). The proposed approach integrates Fast LiDAR and Odometry Mapping (FLOAM), which reduces the computational complexity of localization and mapping for individual robots by adopting a non-iterative two-stage distortion compensation method. This, in turn, accelerates inputs for the map merging algorithm and expedites the creation of a comprehensive map. The map merging algorithm utilizes feature matching techniques, Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), and the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm to estimate the transformation between the maps. Subsequently, the algorithm employs a map-merging graph to estimate the global transformation. Our system has been designed to utilize two robots and has been evaluated on datasets and in a simulated environment using ROS and Gazebo. The system required less computing time to build the global map and achieved good estimation accuracy.","PeriodicalId":53150,"journal":{"name":"Designs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135815834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing Disassembly Practices for Electric Vehicle Battery Packs: A Narrative Comprehensive Review 加强电动汽车电池组的拆卸实践:叙述综合评论

Designs Pub Date : 2023-09-22 DOI: 10.3390/designs7050109

Matteo Beghi, Francesco Braghin, Loris Roveda

引用次数: 0

Investigation on the Crashworthiness Performance of Thin-Walled Multi-Cell PLA 3D-Printed Tubes: A Multi-Parameter Analysis 薄壁多单元PLA 3d打印管耐撞性能研究:多参数分析

Designs Pub Date : 2023-09-12 DOI: 10.3390/designs7050108

Dony Hidayat, Jos Istiyanto, Danardono Agus Sumarsono, Farohaji Kurniawan, Riki Ardiansyah, Fajar Ari Wandono, Afid Nugroho

{"title":"Investigation on the Crashworthiness Performance of Thin-Walled Multi-Cell PLA 3D-Printed Tubes: A Multi-Parameter Analysis","authors":"Dony Hidayat, Jos Istiyanto, Danardono Agus Sumarsono, Farohaji Kurniawan, Riki Ardiansyah, Fajar Ari Wandono, Afid Nugroho","doi":"10.3390/designs7050108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/designs7050108","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of printing parameters (nozzle diameter, layer height, nozzle temperature, and printing speed), dimensions (wall thickness), and filament material on the crashworthiness performance of 3D-printed thin-walled multi-cell structures (TWMCS) undergoing quasi-static compression is presented. The ideal combination of parameters was determined by employing the Signal-to-Noise ratio (S/N), while Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was utilized to identify the significant parameters and assess their impact on crashworthiness performance. The findings indicated that the ideal parameters for the specific energy absorption (SEA) consisted of a nozzle diameter of 0.6 mm, layer height of 0.3 mm, nozzle temperature of 220 °C, printing speed of 90 mm/s, wall thickness of 1.6 mm, and PLA(+) filament material. Afterward, the optimal parameters for crushing force efficiency (CFE) included a nozzle diameter of 0.8 mm, layer height of 0.3 mm, nozzle temperature of 230 °C, print speed of 90 mm/s, wall thickness of 1.6 mm, and PLA(ST) filament material. The optimum parameter to minimize manufacturing time is 0.3 mm for layer height and 90 mm/s for printing speed. This research presents novel opportunities for optimizing lightweight structures with enhanced energy absorption capacities. These advancements hold the potential to elevate passenger safety and fortify transportation systems. By elucidating the fundamental factors governing the crashworthiness of thin-walled multi-cell PLA 3D-printed tubes, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the field.","PeriodicalId":53150,"journal":{"name":"Designs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135886085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design and Considerations: Microelectromechanical System (MEMS) Vibrating Ring Resonator Gyroscopes 设计和注意事项:微机电系统(MEMS)振动环谐振陀螺仪

Designs Pub Date : 2023-09-11 DOI: 10.3390/designs7050106

Waqas Amin Gill, Ian Howard, Ilyas Mazhar, Kristoffer McKee

{"title":"Design and Considerations: Microelectromechanical System (MEMS) Vibrating Ring Resonator Gyroscopes","authors":"Waqas Amin Gill, Ian Howard, Ilyas Mazhar, Kristoffer McKee","doi":"10.3390/designs7050106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/designs7050106","url":null,"abstract":"Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) vibrating gyroscope design considerations are always intriguing due to their microscale mechanical, electrical, and material behavior. MEMS vibrating ring gyroscopes have become important inertial sensors in inertial measurement units (IMU) for navigation and sensing applications. The design of a MEMS vibrating ring gyroscope incorporates an oscillating ring structure as a proof mass, reflecting unique design challenges and possibilities. This paper presents a comprehensive design analysis of the MEMS vibrating ring gyroscope from the mechanical, electrical, and damping perspectives. The mechanical design of the MEMS vibrating ring gyroscope investigates the various frame designs of the vibrating ring structure, as well as the various beam structures, including rectangular and semicircular beam structures, which are analyzed using mathematical models and finite element analysis (FEA) simulations that provide an in-depth analysis of the stiffness and deflection of the vibrating structures. The electrical designs of the MEMS vibrating ring gyroscope are analyzed using various electrode configurations, electrostatic actuation, and capacitive detection mechanisms. The design analysis of various forms of damping, including viscous, structural, thermoelastic, and anchor damping, is discussed. The variety of design structures is investigated for MEMS vibrating ring gyroscopes’ mechanical, electrical, and damping performance.","PeriodicalId":53150,"journal":{"name":"Designs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135980641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

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