Acta Scientifica Malaysia最新文献

A REVIEW OF GROUP B STREPTOCOCCUS (GBS) VAGINAL COLONIZATION AND ASCENDING INTRAUTERINE INFECTION: INTERACTION BETWEEN HOST IMMUNE RESPONSES AND GBS VIRULENCE FACTORS b族链球菌阴道定植与宫内感染的进展:宿主免疫反应与gbs毒力因子的相互作用

Acta Scientifica Malaysia Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.26480/asm.01.2022.17.22

Hanan H. Wahid, Puteri F. D. Mustapha Rounal, Ayesha Bahez, M. I. A. Mustafa Mahmud, N. Kamarudin, Arvind R. Selvakumaran, A. M. Ahmad Mustafa, Hamizah Ismail

{"title":"A REVIEW OF GROUP B STREPTOCOCCUS (GBS) VAGINAL COLONIZATION AND ASCENDING INTRAUTERINE INFECTION: INTERACTION BETWEEN HOST IMMUNE RESPONSES AND GBS VIRULENCE FACTORS","authors":"Hanan H. Wahid, Puteri F. D. Mustapha Rounal, Ayesha Bahez, M. I. A. Mustafa Mahmud, N. Kamarudin, Arvind R. Selvakumaran, A. M. Ahmad Mustafa, Hamizah Ismail","doi":"10.26480/asm.01.2022.17.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/asm.01.2022.17.22","url":null,"abstract":"Vaginal colonization with Group B streptococcus (GBS) or Streptococcus agalactiae can potentially cause ascending intrauterine infection among pregnant women, and hence it is known as one of the risk factors for preterm delivery. Ascending intrauterine infection may also cause the transmission of GBS to the fetus in utero and the newborn during delivery, leading to the development of early onset of neonatal infection. GBS are β-hemolytic, gram-positive bacteria that are opportunistic commensal of the gastrointestinal and urogenital tract of approximately 18% of pregnant women globally. Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) only reduces the rate of early onset neonatal infection, but not the late onset neonatal infection. Thus, the development of GBS vaccine is thought to be important to decrease the rate of preterm delivery and neonatal infections particularly in low-and-middle income countries where IAP program is not feasible. Vaccination can also be cost-effective for the healthcare system when executed together with IAP program. The aim of the current review is to summarize the mechanisms on how the GBS virulence factors interact with host immune components in the gestational tissues, leading to cervicovaginal colonization and ascending intrauterine infection. The elucidation of these mechanisms is essential for expediting the development of vaccines and novel therapeutic measures targeting these GBS virulence factors that will hamper the vaginal colonization, ascending intrauterine infection and conceptus tissue invasion by GBS. These strategies are crucial to potentially reduce the rate of preterm delivery and subsequent serious complications in the newborn.","PeriodicalId":53069,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientifica Malaysia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69334779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

EVALUATION AND GENETIC DIVERSITY ANALYSIS OF LOCAL MANGO GERMPLASM 地方芒果种质资源评价及遗传多样性分析

Acta Scientifica Malaysia Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.26480/asm.01.2022.23.27

Md Sarowar Alam, M. Samsuzzaman, Md Abdul Mazed Miah, Mirana Akter Sumi, Md. Ahasan Habib

{"title":"EVALUATION AND GENETIC DIVERSITY ANALYSIS OF LOCAL MANGO GERMPLASM","authors":"Md Sarowar Alam, M. Samsuzzaman, Md Abdul Mazed Miah, Mirana Akter Sumi, Md. Ahasan Habib","doi":"10.26480/asm.01.2022.23.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/asm.01.2022.23.27","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was conducted during 2019-2021 at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Akbarpur, Moulvibazar, Bangladesh with twenty-three local mango genotypes to assess the performance and genetic divergence for the identification of suitable parents for the futute breeding program. . Wide variations were observed regarding the number of fruits/plant, fruit weight, percent of edible portion, and TSS of different germplasms. The highest number of fruit per plant (610) was observed in MIAkb001, highest individual fruit weight /plant (759.7g) was obtained from MIAkb015. The higher fruit yield was recorded from MIAkb001 (162.07kg). The percent of the edible portion was higher in MIAkb014 (65.71%) whereas maximum TSS (18%) was obtained from MIAkb007 andMIAkb015 respectively. The genetic divergence was assessed in 23 mango genotypes through multivariate analysis. The genotypes under this study were grouped into five clusters and the diversity was influenced by the morphological characters. The highest number (8) of genotypes were in cluster-I and the lowest (1) number of the genotype was in cluster-III. From the PCA we found, the number of fruits per plant (FNPP), fruits yield per plant (FYPP), and individual fruit weight were positive across the two axes, and these were the main traits for genetic divergence.","PeriodicalId":53069,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientifica Malaysia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69334849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

EVALUATION OF PATIENT ABSORBED DOSE OF CONVENTIONAL X-RAYS USING DIRECT METHOD IN SOME HOSPITALS IN PORT HARCOURT, NIGERIA 尼日利亚哈科特港一些医院采用直接法评价常规x射线患者吸收剂量

Acta Scientifica Malaysia Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.26480/asm.02.2022.28.33

Etim ., Akanimo Edem, A. ., Ita Okon and Yawo, Okwet Joseph

{"title":"EVALUATION OF PATIENT ABSORBED DOSE OF CONVENTIONAL X-RAYS USING DIRECT METHOD IN SOME HOSPITALS IN PORT HARCOURT, NIGERIA","authors":"Etim ., Akanimo Edem, A. ., Ita Okon and Yawo, Okwet Joseph","doi":"10.26480/asm.02.2022.28.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/asm.02.2022.28.33","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, entrance skin dose was used to evaluate patient absorption dose of conventional X-rays using a direct method in some hospitals in Port-Harcourt, Rivers State. The method was based on the guidelines established by the NBIRR protocols. Questionnaires were distributed to two (2) X-ray facilities in Port Harcourt, Rivers State with code names GHC and UPTH in order to obtain information about X-ray machines such as type, model, waveform, filtration, etc., and radiological parameters used during two common diagnostic procedures such as Kilo Peak Voltage (kVp) and Milli Ampere Times Seconds (mAs). The two types of X-ray exams considered were chest (PA) and abdomen (AP). The weight and height of each patient totaling one hundred (100) were measured and two TLD badges were used on each patient to record the patient’s dose while a TLD reader (Harshaw 6600) was used to read the chips and an oven (annealing machine) was also used to anneal the chips. Mean ESD (mGy) was estimated and compared with International Established Reference Values. It was found that the mean ESD (mGy) for chest (PA) was 1.40, which is higher than the standard values of 0.17, 0.40, and 0.30 for USA, IAEA, and NRP, respectively. While the mean ESD (mGy) for the abdomen (AP) was found to be 1.62, which was higher than the standard values of 0.56, 1.02, and 102 for the USA, IAEA, and NRP, respectively. Generally, it was observed that there was a wide variation in patient dose for the two different types of x-ray examinations, which could be attributed to several factors, such as the type of x-ray machine used, radiographic techniques.","PeriodicalId":53069,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientifica Malaysia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69334863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

INSIGHTS OF CASTE DETERMINATIONS IN SOCIAL INSECTS 群居昆虫种姓决定的洞见

Acta Scientifica Malaysia Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.26480/asm.02.2022.48.54

Md. Mamunur Rahman, Shazzad Hossain, G. M. Riaz, H. Rahman

{"title":"INSIGHTS OF CASTE DETERMINATIONS IN SOCIAL INSECTS","authors":"Md. Mamunur Rahman, Shazzad Hossain, G. M. Riaz, H. Rahman","doi":"10.26480/asm.02.2022.48.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/asm.02.2022.48.54","url":null,"abstract":"Eusocial insects display caste structures in which reproductive ability is possessed by a single or a few queens while all other colony members act as workers. In social insects like ants, bees, and termites, vital physiological processes are regulated at the colony scale. Females in social insects have at least one reproductive caste and one nonreproductive caste; many termites have at least two male castes. The castes have considerable anatomical, physiological, and behavioural differences in higher social insects. Organismal systems, such as pheromone sensing, hormone signaling, and brain signaling pathways, are deployed in novel circumstances to impact nestmate and colony behaviours due to physiological decentralization over evolutionary time. Significant morphogenesis with region-specific cellular proliferation and degradation occurs during soldier development through two moulting via a presoldier stage in termite. JH action has been developed, in which a high JH titer causes soldier differentiation and a low JH titer causes alate differentiation. A monogamous pair of primary reproductives (one king and one queen) generated from alates normally establishes termite colonies (winged adults). The nymph-alate pathway (sexual pathway) or the worker pathway differentiates larvae in Reticulitermes termites (neuter pathway). Haplo-diploid sex determination controls the first developmental transition, in which unfertilized (haploid) embryos become males and fertilized (diploid) embryos become females in the case of Cataglyphis ant genus. The queen’s mandibular gland secretion, a mix of fatty acids and aromatic chemicals, is critical for maintaining the reproductive division of labour in honeybees (Apis mellifera), suppressing ovary growth in workers. Besides this, the brood produced by the queen also inhibits ovary development in workers by emitting two pheromones: the brood pheromone (BP), mainly composed of esters, and the highly volatile E-b-ocimene.","PeriodicalId":53069,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientifica Malaysia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69334920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

INFLUENCE OF CANOPY TYPES ON NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY IN SOIL AND LITTER POOLS OF A FOREST ECOSYSTEM 林冠类型对森林生态系统土壤和凋落物库养分有效性的影响

Acta Scientifica Malaysia Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.26480/asm.02.2022.43.47

I. R. E., Ogbemudia, F. O., Udo, E. D.

{"title":"INFLUENCE OF CANOPY TYPES ON NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY IN SOIL AND LITTER POOLS OF A FOREST ECOSYSTEM","authors":"I. R. E., Ogbemudia, F. O., Udo, E. D.","doi":"10.26480/asm.02.2022.43.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/asm.02.2022.43.47","url":null,"abstract":"Influence of forest canopy types on nutrient availability in litter and soil pools of a forest ecosystem was studied. Four plots each were chosen randomly for open and close forest canopies. In each plot, 4 belt transects were laid, and in each transect, vegetation was sampled. Four litter traps were set in each plot, to collect litter samples in open and close canopies. In each plot, three soil samples (at 0-15 and 15-30 cm) were obtained in the open and close canopies with a soil auger and conveyed to the laboratory for analyses. The open and close canopy plots had 10 and 15 tree species. The close canopy had higher values for sand (91.19±0.01%), and silt (6.56± 0.01%) while the open canopy had high values for clay (3.13±0.01%). The pH of soil was very strongly acidic in the open (4.93±0.02) and close (4.56±0.58) canopies. Higher values for electrical conductivity (0.08±0.005 ds/m), total nitrogen (0.08±0.003 %), organic carbon (3.13±0.001 %), available phosphorus (13.06±0.01mg/kg), Ca (12.04±0.02 cmol/kg), Mg (6.62±0.58 cmol/kg), EA (2.25±0.01 cmol/kg) and ECEC (21.27±1.15 cmol/kg) were recorded in soil of the close canopy while higher values for Na (0.11±0.01 cmol/kg), K (0.13±0.02 cmol/kg) and base saturation (90.83±0.01%) were recorded in soil of the open canopy. For the litter, organic carbon (45.25±7.31%), total nitrogen (1.14±0.06%), Ca (18.33±1.45mg/kg), Mg (8.91±1.16mg/kg), K (284.89±12.25mg/kg), Na (75.71±8.32mg/kg) and P (2.60±0.41mg/kg) were higher in the close forest canopy. This study has implications in deforestation, nutrient availability and cycling as well as forest management and protection.","PeriodicalId":53069,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientifica Malaysia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69334463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

ALLELOPATHIC RESPONSE OF ROOT EXUDATES OF FIVE COMMON WEEDS IN YARD LONG BEAN (VIGNA UNGUICULATA SUBSP. SESQUIPEDALIS L. VERD] AND MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) 豇豆五种常见杂草根系分泌物的化感作用。玉米(zea mays l .)

Acta Scientifica Malaysia Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.26480/asm.01.2022.01.05

Pervin Akter, Arju Farhana, A. Ahmed

引用次数: 0

GREEN SYNTHESIS APPROACH, CHARACTERIZATION, AND APPLICATIONS OF MgO NANO PARTICLES USING CURRY LEAF (MURRAYA KOENIGII) 咖喱叶MgO纳米颗粒的绿色合成方法、表征及应用

Acta Scientifica Malaysia Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.26480/asm.01.2022.06.09

K. Leizou, M. Ashraf

引用次数: 0

MAGNETORECEPTION IN FRUIT FLIES, BEES AND ANTS 果蝇、蜜蜂和蚂蚁的磁感受

Acta Scientifica Malaysia Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.26480/asm.01.2022.10.16

Fatik Baran Mandal, B. Chakroborty

{"title":"MAGNETORECEPTION IN FRUIT FLIES, BEES AND ANTS","authors":"Fatik Baran Mandal, B. Chakroborty","doi":"10.26480/asm.01.2022.10.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/asm.01.2022.10.16","url":null,"abstract":"Few insects have the sensory ability to sense and use the earth’s magnetic field. Studies have revealed a wealth of information on the magnetic sense of some insects. However, the mechanism of sensing the earth’s magnetic field, called magnetoreception, is still enigmatic in insects. Magnetoreception studies in fruit flies, bees, and ants are well-documented. Of two hypothesized types of magnetoreception mechanisms in those insects, one is ferromagnetic, and the other is light-dependent. Although experimental results appear to be consistent with the proposed hypothesized mechanisms it is possible that there is still an unknown mechanism that would explain and confirm the experimental results. Thus, theories explaining magnetoreception in insects are yet to be come out. Magnetoreception plays a role in migration, orientation, as well as navigation in insects. Several sensory cues play significant role in migration. Moreover, our understanding of magnetoreception requires information from various branches of science, such as physics, behavioural biology, zoology, and environmental biology. The article attempts to update the account of magnetoreception in the said insects as well as to identify the gaps in our knowledge thereof.","PeriodicalId":53069,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientifica Malaysia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69334749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

CYTOMIXIS AND MEIOTIC ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR RELATED IN SOME SELECTED SPECIES OF THE GENUS Salvia L. (Lamiaceae) FROM IRAN 伊朗鼠尾草属部分植物的细胞分裂和减数分裂异常行为

Acta Scientifica Malaysia Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.26480/asm.02.2022.34.37

Behnaz Alijanpoor, Masoumeh Safaeishakib

引用次数: 2

STUDY OF CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER IN INTERSECTING PRINTED AND PEN STROKES WITH THE HELP OF CHROMATICITY DIAGRAM 用色度图研究印刷笔画相交的时间顺序

Acta Scientifica Malaysia Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.26480/asm.02.2022.38.42

B. Ghimire, Roshan Giri, S. P. Chimouriya

引用次数: 3