International Journal of Noncommunicable Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Psychocognitive functions among breast cancer survivors: A randomized controlled trial","authors":"Deeksha Sharma, B. Yadav, M. Dutta, S. Kaur, K. Kumar, D. Dahiya","doi":"10.4103/jncd.jncd_6_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jncd.jncd_6_22","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Chemotherapy-related cognitive impairments (CRCIs) are one of the adverse effects of chemotherapy, so there is a need to explore alternative measures to maintain normal cognitive functions or to prevent decline in cognitive abilities. This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of Cognitive Training Interventions Package on cognitive functions among breast cancer survivors (BCSs). Materials and Methods: A total of 59 BCSs were randomly assigned to control and intervention groups. Participants of the intervention group were provided with a Cognitive Training Interventions Package to be practiced from 1st cycle until the completion of 4th cycle of chemotherapy. Both the groups were reassessed on the 4th cycle of chemotherapy. FACT Cog Version-3, Post Graduate Institute Memory Scale (PGIMS), and trail making test were used to assess cognitive functions. Activities of daily livings (ADLs) and depression, stress, and anxiety were measured using Barthel Index Scale and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21, respectively. Satisfaction level among participants was measured using a self-structured questionnaire. Results: The mean age was 50.82 ± 10.12 years in the control group and 50 ± 11.24 years in the intervention group. BCSs in the intervention group demonstrated a significant improvement in attention and concentration (P = 0.02); retention for similar pairs (P = 0.001); recognition (P = 0.01); and visual attention, processing speed, and executive functions (P = 0.01). Intervention group also showed a significant improvement in ADLs (P = 0.04). Overall, the participants in the experimental group were more satisfied (mean = 2.00) as compared to those in the control group (mean = 1.896), which is supported by the observed statistical significant difference in the satisfaction levels of the participants (P = 0.04). Reduction in the levels of anxiety and depression was also noticed in both the groups but it was not significant. Conclusion: Cognitive training interventions package was beneficial for BCSs with CRCI to overcome cognitive impairments.","PeriodicalId":52935,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Noncommunicable Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49014551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental risk factors for cardiovascular diseases using geographic information systems in an urban slum, Bengaluru","authors":"Deepak Srinivasan, A. Johnson, Subin Jang, S. Mathew, F. Fathima","doi":"10.4103/jncd.jncd_10_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jncd.jncd_10_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD), a growing epidemic, is influenced by various environmental factors, and the potential connection is not studied adequately. Objective: Hence, our study was aimed at assessing the environmental risk factors for CVD and assessing perceptions about the same among the adults residing in an urban slum, Bengaluru. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted using a validated environmental assessment tool – Environmental Profile of Community Health. It consists of two parts: (i) an assessment of the physical environment for CVD-risk behaviors and (ii) a questionnaire to collect residents' perceptions of their community's environmental risks for CVD. Results: The community had two environmental risk factors for CVD-tobacco stores and fast-food restaurants. The community had ten convenience stores, all of which sold tobacco products. Vegetables and fruits were available, and the community also had a park for recreation. We interviewed a total of four study participants with a mean age of 38.5 ± 5.4 years. All participants reported that they have seen people smoke outside public places and inside residences. They felt that society disapproved of women and children smoking while men were excluded. Study participants have reported seeing tobacco and junk food advertisements. Tobacco was easily accessible and available to all ages. Conclusions: The urban community was not CVD-friendly. Awareness regarding risk factors for CVD was good. Adequate urban planning, policy-level advocacy, and tailor-made lifestyle changes for patients are the key to preventing CVD.","PeriodicalId":52935,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Noncommunicable Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47466616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 2022 update of the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease guidelines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Implications for primary health care","authors":"A. Aggarwal","doi":"10.4103/jncd.jncd_39_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jncd.jncd_39_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52935,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Noncommunicable Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42658875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tobacco endgame in India","authors":"S. Goel, J. Kaur, M. Arora, G. Bhatt, R. Singh, A. Jones, L. Swasticharan, Prakash C. Gupta","doi":"10.4103/jncd.jncd_25_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jncd.jncd_25_22","url":null,"abstract":"The epidemic of tobacco use persists as a leading risk factor for noncommunicable diseases and impoverishment worldwide. Globally, more nations are undertaking measures for moving beyond “tobacco control” to a “tobacco-free world” under the unified theme of “tobacco endgame.” This concept of endgame includes an array of measures addressing both demand side and supply-side strategies for phasing out all commercial tobacco products within a specified time period. Globally, there have been many successes from countries such as New Zealand, Australia, Scotland, Netherlands, Finland, Ireland, Canada, France, and California. The Indian subcontinent has also been stepping up to progress the endgame concept and has been displaying exemplary leadership in the tobacco control. It has several national and subnational achievements to its credit. However, the tobacco endgame requires collaboration and capacity building of several sectors and stakeholders to align their activities with the tobacco endgame goals and vision of the Government of India. Besides, acceptance of endgame as a political objective is perhaps the first requirement for tobacco endgame in addition to program and community-level strategies. The need of the hour calls for a robust unified approach that engages all the stakeholders and involves increased investment in tobacco control by the country's governments and region.","PeriodicalId":52935,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Noncommunicable Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42465155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary epithelial–myoepithelial carcinoma of the lung: Reporting a rare entity at a rare location","authors":"Deepak K. Uppal, D. Khosla, D. Chatterjee, Vrinda Singla, D. Kumar, R. Madan, R. Kapoor","doi":"10.4103/jncd.jncd_78_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jncd.jncd_78_20","url":null,"abstract":"Epithelial–myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) of the lung is a rare neoplasm, constituting about 0.1%–1% of all primary lung cancers. EMC usually has an indolent course with occasional distant metastasis. A 52-year-old male presented with an unresectable lesion in the upper lobe of the right lung with mediastinal lymph nodes. Bronchoscopic biopsy and detailed histopathological examination revealed an EMC of the lung. Due to advanced disease and poor performance status of the patient, he was treated with palliative radiation followed by palliative chemotherapy. However, the patient succumbed to the disease after two cycles of palliative chemotherapy. Experience with EMC of the lung is limited and optimal treatment protocols have not been defined, with current treatment mainly extrapolated from EMC of the salivary glands from the head and neck. We add another case to the limited literature of EMC of the lung.","PeriodicalId":52935,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Noncommunicable Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41606778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Punjab substance abuse prevention model: Outcomes of key multistakeholder consultation in Punjab, India","authors":"J. Thakur, N. Jaswal","doi":"10.4103/jncd.jncd_81_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jncd.jncd_81_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Extensive work has been done in the state of Punjab regarding the treatment of substance abuse, but focus on prevention was lacking. De-addiction services are being provided in almost each and every district of Punjab. A strong prevention and control component, i.e., prevention strategy along with de-addiction services, is crucial for desired impact. An attempt was made to develop a statewide prevention strategy against substance abuse in the state of Punjab, India, on the request of the state government. Materials and Methods: The plan of the prevention model was prepared based on the situation analysis, stakeholders' workshops, and consultative meetings with various key stakeholders from the state of Punjab. Results: One in seven (~15%) people in Punjab were currently dependent on any substance, including licit and illicit. This figure, when compared in a global context was much higher than expected. Overall substance use was predominant in men and significantly more common in rural areas. The prevention strategy in Punjab named 'Punjab Substance abuse Prevention Plan (P-SAP)' will have a holistic approach focusing on health promotion and continuum of care approach (Prevention-Treatment-Rehabilitation) targeting Supply-Demand-Harm reduction Measures. It is the first of its kind of inclusive multi-sectoral model that aims to prevent substance abuse at village, block, district and state level. Implementation requires political and administrative will with participation of all political parties and key stakeholders. Life skill education should be introduced in school education and should become part of curriculum. The state should ensure the institutional framework and mechanism for their participation and adequate resources for effective implementation. Conclusion: This model should be implemented in the state and can be tried and adapted in other states of India and low- and middle-income countries.","PeriodicalId":52935,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Noncommunicable Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49192464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An observational study of compliance with tobacco-free school guidelines in Udupi district, Karnataka (India)","authors":"Shalini Bassi, G. Nazar, Nishigandha Joshi, Muralidhar M. Kulkarni, V. Kamath, Rohith Bhagawath, J. Britton, M. Arora","doi":"10.4103/jncd.jncd_21_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jncd.jncd_21_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52935,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Noncommunicable Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70807524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Productivity loss and diabetes distress among patients with type 2 diabetes seeking out patient care at a tertiary hospital in Bengaluru, South India","authors":"Kavya Pinto, Sanjana Mathur, F. Fathima, B. George, S. Umesh","doi":"10.4103/jncd.jncd_83_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jncd.jncd_83_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Type 2 diabetes contributes to significant productivity losses in paid work and unpaid work. Patients with Type 2 diabetes also feel distressed due to the concerns about disease management, its emotional burden, physician-related issues, and regimen-related distress. Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the productivity loss and diabetes distress among patients with Type 2 diabetes attending the outpatient department at a tertiary care setting and the association between productivity loss and diabetes distress in the study population. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among 121 outpatients with Type 2 diabetes at a tertiary care hospital. A semistructured interview schedule that included questions on sociodemographic profile, details about diabetes, the Institute for Medical Technology Assessment Productivity Cost Questionnaire, and Diabetes Distress Scale was administered. Results: Around half of the study participants (47.1%) reported productivity losses either in paid and/or unpaid work. The total cost of productivity loss among 121 patients over 4 weeks was calculated to be Indian National Rupees 2,526,880. Individuals with diabetes distress levels worthy of clinical attention (moderate and high levels of distress) were found to be 20.6%. Significant emotional burden was seen among 40.5% of the study participants. Of the population who had distress due to diabetes, 60% had productivity loss. Conclusion: Patients with type 2 diabetes have high productivity losses and distress due to diabetes. Patients with productivity losses have significantly higher levels of diabetic distress.","PeriodicalId":52935,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Noncommunicable Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47307991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health and Wellness Centres as a strategic choice to manage noncommunicable diseases and universal health coverage","authors":"Js Thakur, PAravind Gandhi, Ria Nangia","doi":"10.4103/jncd.jncd_41_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jncd.jncd_41_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52935,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Noncommunicable Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70808207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic respiratory disease and coronavirus disease 2019 in developing countries: A systematic review","authors":"A. Aggarwal, R. Agarwal, S. Dhooria, K. Prasad, I. Sehgal, V. Muthu","doi":"10.4103/jncd.jncd_5_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jncd.jncd_5_22","url":null,"abstract":"The proportion of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients having a chronic respiratory disease (CRD), and its impact on COVID-19 related patient outcomes, is unclear. We conducted this systematic review to evaluate the proportion of patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among COVID-19 patients, and to assess if comorbid CRD worsens COVID-19 outcomes, in developing countries. We queried PubMed database for studies conducted in developing countries and provided data on the proportion of COVID-19 patients with CRD, or severe disease or mortality among COVID-19 patients with and without CRD. We calculated proportion of CRD patients and relative risk (RR) for each reported outcome of interest. We used random-effects models to summarize our data. We retrieved 1947 citations and included 22 studies from developing countries in our review. The pooled estimate for proportion of asthma and COPD was 2.32% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.86%–2.83%) and 3.52% (95% CI 2.14%–5.20%), respectively. COVID-19 patients with asthma had a higher risk of severe COVID-19 (summary RR 1.21, 95% CI 1.17–1.25), but not of mortality (summary RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.80–1.28), as compared to COVID-19 patients without asthma. COVID-19 patients with COPD had a higher risk of severe COVID-19 (summary RR 1.48, 95% CI 1.30–1.69) and mortality (summary RR 2.69, 95% CI 1.57–4.61), as compared to COVID-19 patients without COPD. Patients with asthma (but not COPD) in developing countries may be less likely to acquire COVID-19. Both diseases may increase the risk of severe COVID-19, and COPD may increase risk of COVID-19-related mortality.","PeriodicalId":52935,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Noncommunicable Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45772508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}