African Journal of Thoracic and Critical Care Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Severe lower respiratory tract infections are associated with human adenovirus in hospitalised children in a high HIV prevalence area","authors":"N. Marafungana, FC MB ChB, K. Naidoo, PhD Gounder, MMed Virol Viro, R. Masekela, MMed Paed MB BCh, Cert Pulmonology, PhD Paed","doi":"10.7196/ajtccm.2024.v30i2.1208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7196/ajtccm.2024.v30i2.1208","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Background. Viral causes of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are associated with increased mortality in children aged <5 years (U5). Human adenovirus (HAdV) has been associated with severe LRTI; however, its relationship with HIV and malnutrition in South Africa (SA) is not understood.Objectives. To identify the prevalence of and factors associated with HAdV LRTIs in hospitalised U5 childen.\u0000Methods. Clinical and viral data on U5 children hospitalised with severe LRTI from January 2018 to June 2020 at King Edward VIII Hospital, Durban, SA, including results of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) panel assay for respiratory viruses, were retrieved from inpatient files and laboratory databases and retrospectively analysed. Standard descriptive statistics and Pearson’s χ2, Fisher’s exact and Mann-Whitney tests were used to determine significant associations with HAdV LRTI.\u0000Results. Among the 206 viral assays analysed (15.6% of all LRTI admissions), HAdV was the most common virus identified. The cohort had a median (interquartile range) age of 5 (2 - 13) months, 47.3% had perinatal HIV exposure, and 34.5% had severe acute malnutrition (SAM). No seasonal pattern with HAdV could be demonstrated. SAM and prematurity were significant risk factors for readmission, and perinatal HIV exposure was a significant risk factor for presence of multiple viruses on analysis of a respiratory specimen. Detection of HAdV was not associated with an increased risk of requiring oxygen or ventilatory support.\u0000Conclusion. HAdV was the most common virus found on analysis of multiplex PCR panel results in children hospitalised with severe LRTI in SA, where high rates of HIV exposure may result in increased susceptibility to viral co-infections. The role of HAdV as a cause of severe LRTI in SA infants, who have high rates of HIV exposure, requires greater scrutiny.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":52847,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Thoracic and Critical Care Medicine","volume":" 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141679678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rare cause of acute post-intubation respiratory failure.","authors":"L C Costa, J Fernandes, N Príncipe, J A Paiva","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52847,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Thoracic and Critical Care Medicine","volume":"30 2","pages":"e1207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11426342/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142332185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining the aetiology of lower respiratory tract illness in children","authors":"L. Thaver, H. J. Zar","doi":"10.7196/ajtccm.2024.v30i2.2378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7196/ajtccm.2024.v30i2.2378","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>-</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":52847,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Thoracic and Critical Care Medicine","volume":" 40","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141679248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foreign body aspiration in children: Challenges, insights, and pathways forward","authors":"P. Goussard, E. Eber","doi":"10.7196/ajtccm.2024.v30i2.2380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7196/ajtccm.2024.v30i2.2380","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>-</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":52847,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Thoracic and Critical Care Medicine","volume":" 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141678030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smoking cessation for hospitalised inpatients: Butt where do we begin?","authors":"N. Singh, C. F. N. Koegelenberg","doi":"10.7196/ajtccm.2024.v30i2.2379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7196/ajtccm.2024.v30i2.2379","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>-</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":52847,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Thoracic and Critical Care Medicine","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141677320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracheobronchial foreign body aspiration in children in Soweto, South Africa: A retrospective descriptive study","authors":"A. Moola, MB BCh, C. Verwey, FC MB ChB, Cert Pulmonology, PhD Paed, Mabaso, K. Mopeli, Z. Dangor","doi":"10.7196/ajtccm.2024.v30i2.1145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7196/ajtccm.2024.v30i2.1145","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Background. Airway foreign bodies are a common cause of accidental death in children. Tracheobronchial foreign body aspiration (FBA) can result in severe immediate and long-term complications if the foreign body is not identified and removed. Little is known about the burden of tracheobronchial FBA in the Soweto area, south of Johannesburg, South Africa.Objectives. To describe the burden and clinical characteristics of tracheobronchial FBA in hospitalised children in a tertiary-level hospital in Johannesburg.\u0000Methods. This was a retrospective, single-centre, descriptive study of children aged <10 years who presented to Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2020. Children with FBA were identified from the paediatric pulmonology and paediatric surgery databases using the relevant International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th revision (ICD-10), codes (T17.4 and T17.5). Clinical and radiological data were extracted from medical records and the databases.Results. Forty-seven children with FBA were identified during the study period. Overall, the incidence of FBA among children aged <10 years of age was 1.42 per 100 000 person-years (95.0% confidence interval 1.04 - 1.88). FBA occurred more commonly in males (66.0%; n=31), and the mean (standard deviation) age at presentation was 68 (28.2) months. Most of the children (42.6%) were in the 7 - <10-year age group, followed by the 5 - <7-year age group (27.7%). Chronic respiratory symptoms were reported in one-third of the children, and a history of witnessed FBA was reported in only 59.6% of cases. Inorganic foreign bodies (n=29; 61.7%) were aspirated more commonly than organic foreign bodies; these included metal objects such as pins or springs (21.3%), toy parts (17.0%), pen or pencil lids/ stoppers (12.8%) and plastic objects (6.4%).Conclusion. Our study highlights the fact that tracheobronchial FBA is prevalent in school-aged children, and public safety campaigns targeted at this age group are warranted. Furthermore, to prevent sequelae, a high index of suspicion in required in children with respiratory symptoms that fail to respond to appropriate therapy.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":52847,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Thoracic and Critical Care Medicine","volume":" 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141679657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on lung cancer presentation at a high-volume tertiary referral centre in South Africa","authors":"I. Fredericks, E. Irusen, B. Allwood, C. F. N. Koegelenberg","doi":"10.7196/ajtccm.2024.v30i2.1031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7196/ajtccm.2024.v30i2.1031","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Background. The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on health services globally. Cancer diagnosis and treatment was one of the services most frequently reported to be disrupted. Several international studies showed a marked reduction in the number of new lung cancer cases.Objectives. To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on lung cancer diagnosis at a high-volume tertiary referral centre in South Africa.\u0000Methods. A retrospective audit was conducted of all patients with primary lung cancer who were presented at the multidisciplinary oncology meeting at Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, from January 2018 to December 2021, and the incidence of lung cancer was compared between two cohorts: one prior to and one during the COVID-19 pandemic. We collected data on patient demographics, as well as performance status. A combined panel staged all patients.\u0000Results. During the COVID-19 pandemic there was a relative reduction of 46% in the frequency of lung cancer, from a mean of 25.6 cases per month to 13.9. Patients referred during the COVID-19 pandemic had statistically better performance status (75.0% v. 25.0% with performance status 0 - 2; p=0.01) and were more likely to have adenocarcinoma (49.7% v. 41.1%; p=0.02) than those referred before the pandemic. The proportion of potentially curable lung cancer at presentation (i.e. stages I - IIIA) did not differ between the two cohorts.\u0000Conclusion. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a substantial decrease in the number of new lung cancers diagnosed. Patients who were diagnosed with lung cancer during the pandemic had better performance status and were more likely to have adenocarcinoma. No impact on the proportion of potential curable disease was noted.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":52847,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Thoracic and Critical Care Medicine","volume":" 31","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141680641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case of septic pulmonary embolism associated with hand sepsis in an immunocompetent host","authors":"T. Zobair, I. Sihlahla, D. B. Arnolds, R. I. Raine, G. Calligaro","doi":"10.7196/ajtccm.2024.v30i2.1014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7196/ajtccm.2024.v30i2.1014","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>-</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":52847,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Thoracic and Critical Care Medicine","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141677944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3-Tesla cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in primary dilated cardiomyopathy","authors":"T. Kalekar, A. Gupta, M. Kumar","doi":"10.7196/ajtccm.2024.v30i1.844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7196/ajtccm.2024.v30i1.844","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Background. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is an excellent non-invasive imaging tool in the assessment of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Few studies have analysed the findings in primary (idiopathic) DCM.\u0000Objectives. To study the CMR features in primary DCM.\u0000Methods. We conducted a descriptive observational study on 20 adult patients with suspected or confirmed primary DCM. Each patient underwent a dedicated 3-Tesla CMR scan, and the findings were evaluated.\u0000Results. Seventeen patients had systolic dysfunction with a reduced ejection fraction and elevated end-diastolic volume, 19 patients had contractile dysfunction in the form of global left ventricular hypokinesia, 13 patients showed no abnormal delayed contrast enhancement with gadolinium administration, and 7 patients showed abnormal late gadolinium enhancement patterns.\u0000Conclusion. In patients with primary DCM, CMR is a powerful diagnostic tool that can definitively establish the diagnosis, assess the severity of the disease, predict the risk of future adverse cardiovascular outcomes, check for complications, and assist in future follow-ups.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":52847,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Thoracic and Critical Care Medicine","volume":"16 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140745648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-flow nasal oxygen therapy outside the intensive care unit","authors":"S. Maasdorp","doi":"10.7196/ajtccm.2024.v30i1.151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7196/ajtccm.2024.v30i1.151","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>-</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":52847,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Thoracic and Critical Care Medicine","volume":"11 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140741965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}