{"title":"The Significance of the San Remo Manual to Protect the Sea Defense of Indonesia","authors":"Rizki Pratama Kamarulah, Lukman Yudho Prakoso","doi":"10.33172/jp.v9i2.11329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33172/jp.v9i2.11329","url":null,"abstract":"In 1994, the San Remo Manual was established as a regulation governing sea warfare, providing guidelines for countries engaged in conflicts at sea. As Indonesia holds a crucial strategic position in both regional and global sea and air zones, understanding and adhering to international law during armed conflicts at sea is of paramount importance. This research aims to offer practical guidance on the significant role of the San Remo Manual, in applying international law during sea warfare and examines its application in Indonesia. The study employs a qualitative method, which seeks to identify and understand various phenomena in-depth. By analyzing different cases and phenomena, empirical insights on the development and application of the law can be derived. The research results show a comprehensive guide for countries involved in sea conflicts, detailing permissible actions, involvement of parties, protection of injured vessels and personnel, and actions taken by non-conflicting nations. For the Indonesian Navy, implementing the San Remo Manual is vital since they operate in waters that may be prone to armed conflicts. Adhering to this manual can help regulate the conduct of naval personnel during military operations at sea, with a strong emphasis on upholding human rights and justice in the use of military force.","PeriodicalId":52819,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Pertahanan Media Informasi tentang Kajian dan Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity Nasionalism Integrity","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136035698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Implementation of Artificial Intelligence on Indonesia’s Defense Intelligence Activities","authors":"Rizky Ramadhianto, Tahan Samuel Lumban Toruan, Susaningtyas Nefo Handayani Kertopati, Hikmat Zakky Almubaroq","doi":"10.33172/jp.v9i2.14657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33172/jp.v9i2.14657","url":null,"abstract":"The global dynamics nowadays are synonymous with technological developments which have led to the complexity of emerging threats for implementing Indonesia's defense that come from state actors and non-state actors by taking advantage of technological advances in every digital-based crime. To respond, the concept of digital transformation needs to be realized in a more simultaneous and integrated manner for the defense process through technology platforms. One of them is using Artificial Intelligence technology on defense intelligence activities digitally to prevent sudden strategic attacks on defense forces. Despite of benefits that help intelligence performance in the defense sector, applying Artificial Intelligence technology has potential negative impacts. This article aims to study the significant implications of Artificial Intelligence technology on national defense using a qualitative descriptive method in literacy studies originating from journals, books, and credible internet sources. The findings provide that potential threats from Artificial Intelligence-based defense intelligence activities include miscalculation of algorithmic processes in the intelligence collecting phase, breaches in the process of sharing strategic defense data, and errors in processing statistical data as an effort to observe the reactions of other countries to maintain the balance of defense forces, resulting of misinterpretation in order to estimate national power of them and their intentions in deploying military force. If the potential threats are not focused on being addressed, it will have an impact on reducing the effectiveness of defense intelligence to reduce uncertainty in forecasting global threats.","PeriodicalId":52819,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Pertahanan Media Informasi tentang Kajian dan Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity Nasionalism Integrity","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136035369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wulan Nurfitriani, Vicky Nugroho, G. Royke Deksino
{"title":"Empowering the Association of Indonesian National Private Defense Industries (Pinhantanas) to Build the Independence of the Defense Industry","authors":"Wulan Nurfitriani, Vicky Nugroho, G. Royke Deksino","doi":"10.33172/jp.v9i2.15820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33172/jp.v9i2.15820","url":null,"abstract":"The fact that the empowerment of the private defense industry needs to be improved. This is indicated by the problems that still exist in the defense industry, namely the lack of government commitment to increasing collaboration between State-Owned Strategic Industry Enterprises and Private-Owned Enterprises, and many domestic defense industry products that are still imported. This also raises the question, has the private defense industry not fulfilled the local market opportunity? Has the private defense industry yet to fulfill the Domestic Component Level (TKDN) obligation in producing the defense systems? Has the private defense industry yet to cooperate with the foreign defense industry? A literature study method underpins this research, offering the researchers a profound understanding of the Association of Indonesian National Private Defense Industries (Pinhantanas) empowerment. Employing this methodology, insights into defense industry challenges and the Association of Indonesian National Private Defense Industries are revealed. Hence, an investigation into Empowering the Association of Indonesian National Private Defense Industries to Augment Defense Industry Independence proves pivotal. By dissecting defense industry challenges using three research questions, this research offers insights and recommendations to empower the Association of Indonesian National Private Defense Industries (Pinhantanas).","PeriodicalId":52819,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Pertahanan Media Informasi tentang Kajian dan Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity Nasionalism Integrity","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136035543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Godfatherism and Electoral Security in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic: A Human Security Approach","authors":"Olawale Olufemi Akinrinde, Michael Atoyeje","doi":"10.33172/jp.v9i2.16969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33172/jp.v9i2.16969","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study delves into the intricate relationship between godfatherism and electoral politics in Nigeria's Fourth Republic, with a specific focus on the 2018 gubernatorial election in Osun State. Godfatherism has emerged as a prevalent phenomenon in Nigerian politics, where influential figures play significant roles in shaping political outcomes. Using a human security analytical approach, this study critically examines the link between godfatherism and electoral politics in Nigeria's fourth republic and its implication for human security, focusing on the micro-political analysis of the Osun state gubernatorial election in 2018. Employing a mixed-methods approach, this study draws on descriptive research methodology and the Elite theoretical framework to uncover the complexities of godfatherism and its implications for electoral politics. The findings indicate that godfatherism, despite its potential benefits for the democratic balance of power, has taken an unsettling turn in Nigeria's electoral environment, thus posing grave dangers to human security. It has evolved into a disruptive force, undermining the foundations of popular democratic governance and denying citizens the full dividends of democracy. The study highlights how godfatherism influences candidate selection, party loyalty, and electoral outcomes. Moreover, the study reveals that godfatherism perpetuates a system of political patronage, compromising the independence and accountability of elected officials. It also examines the consequences of godfatherism on the unity of political parties, electoral malpractices, and the quality of democratic representation in Osun State. In conclusion, this study underscores the need to reevaluate the role of godfatherism in Nigeria's electoral politics while advocating for reforms in the political system to promote transparency, accountability, and citizen participation.</p>","PeriodicalId":52819,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Pertahanan Media Informasi tentang Kajian dan Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity Nasionalism Integrity","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136035694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laode Muhamad Fathun, Tiara Puspa Maharani, Nazaruddien Agus Salim Putra Angkotasan
{"title":"Opportunities and Challenges of the State Defense Paradigm in the Era of Globalization","authors":"Laode Muhamad Fathun, Tiara Puspa Maharani, Nazaruddien Agus Salim Putra Angkotasan","doi":"10.33172/jp.v9i2.6675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33172/jp.v9i2.6675","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the era of globalization, efforts to defend the country no longer involve physical warfare. This study aims to describe the opportunities and challenges to defend Indonesia in the globalization era. This research was conducted because it has an urgency that there is a meaning of disruption in the paradigm of state defense in the era of globalization. This study is a descriptive-qualitative study that used library research to collect data from surveys, observations, Focus Group Discussions, and Interviews. This study finds that through the digital era, social media platforms will create interactive, communicative, and multi-channel communication dialogue patterns that will create a digital community that loves the motherland and is aware of the nation and state. Besides, the transformation of the value of State Defense in the digital era is more effective than previously. On the other side, Indonesia is still facing cultural, structural, and postural challenges. Thus, the challenges faced also need to be considered and prevented together with all existing stakeholders and state defense agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":52819,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Pertahanan Media Informasi tentang Kajian dan Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity Nasionalism Integrity","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136035702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Supriyadi Supriyadi, M. Afrisal, Raymundus Putra Situmorang, Kristera Tesa Bere Mau, A. Widodo, A. Isdianto, Intan Dwi Puspitasari
{"title":"Local and Migrant Fishermen Marine Cultures in the Atapupu Coastal Area in Supporting the Blue Economy in Maritime Security","authors":"Supriyadi Supriyadi, M. Afrisal, Raymundus Putra Situmorang, Kristera Tesa Bere Mau, A. Widodo, A. Isdianto, Intan Dwi Puspitasari","doi":"10.33172/jp.v9i1.1864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33172/jp.v9i1.1864","url":null,"abstract":"Atapupu is a coastal area that has a strategic location because it is directly adjacent to the country of Timor Leste. This study aims to analyze the differences in marine culture at Atapupu Beach in supporting the blue economy in maritime security. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The data source comes from primary data by interviewing local and migrant fishermen and secondary data comes from journals. Data analysis in this study used descriptive qualitative. This study found that the differences between the local and migrant fishermen could be differentiated based on their time to go to sea, the fishing gear, and the type of boat used by the fishermen. The migrant fishermen, which come from Buton, are Muslim, so they do not go to sea on Fridays due to Fridays Prayers. They use fishing rods as gear and bigger boats than the local fishermen. Meanwhile, the local fishermen have no special days to go to sea, they go to sea depending on the weather conditions. The local fishermen only use nets as fishing gear and their boats are smaller compared to the migrant fishermen’s boats. These conditions are affecting their range of fishing areas, the type of fish caught, and the average income per month. Cultural differences at sea between local and migrant fishermen will certainly affect maritime security in the blue economy sector. The existence of differences in types and income from catches can lead to less optimal utilization of fishery resources.","PeriodicalId":52819,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Pertahanan Media Informasi tentang Kajian dan Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity Nasionalism Integrity","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84300105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yosy Gustasya, Raymundus Putra Situmorang, R. K. Harryes
{"title":"The Early Warning System Effectiveness of the Maritime Security Agency of the Republic of Indonesia (Bakamla RI) in the Prevention of Drug Invention through the Sea Lane","authors":"Yosy Gustasya, Raymundus Putra Situmorang, R. K. Harryes","doi":"10.33172/jp.v9i1.7430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33172/jp.v9i1.7430","url":null,"abstract":"The Republic of Indonesia Maritime Security Agency (Bakamla RI) was formed based on the mandate of Article 59 Paragraph 3 of Law Number 32 of 2014 concerning Maritime Affairs. Bakamla RI has implemented an early warning system to ensure security and safety in Indonesian waters and jurisdiction. The Bakamla RI Early Warning System (EWS), known as a choke point for maritime security and safety, has already been built and spread throughout Indonesian waters. However, in reality, drug smuggling by sea is still common. Drug smuggling by sea is still dominant today. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) revealed that 80% of drug trafficking is carried out by sea. Narcotics transactions in the middle of the sea are very safe transactions, this is due to very weak supervision in the middle of the sea by officers. The purpose of this study is to analyze the mechanism and effectiveness of an early-stage warning system in preventing drug smuggling by sea. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with interview data collection techniques. Research shows that the Early Warning System Series produces ship detection and assistance data that can be processed into ship anomaly information. The application of the Bakamla RI early warning system to prevent drug smuggling by sea has not been effective. The difficulty of realizing information between agencies and the weak synergy in exchanging information are the main obstacles to the efficiency of the early warning system. Therefore, it is recommended to increase the capability of the Bakamla RI Early Warning System by integrating the Command and Control Center (Puskodal) or Control Center (Pusdal) of related agencies, as well as equipping it with monitoring equipment that integrates the Early Warning System.","PeriodicalId":52819,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Pertahanan Media Informasi tentang Kajian dan Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity Nasionalism Integrity","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79779350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Strategic Leadership to Deal with the Separatism Movement in Papua","authors":"Anatansyah Ayomi Anandari, A. Supriyadi","doi":"10.33172/jp.v9i1.1834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33172/jp.v9i1.1834","url":null,"abstract":"The separatist movement in Papua has been a threat to the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Republic of Indonesia for many years. Although various efforts have been made to deal with this problem, the separatist movement still exists and threatens the stability of the Papua region. Therefore, effective strategic leadership policies and strategies are needed to overcome separatist movements in Papua. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of strategic leadership in overcoming separatist movements in Papua as a form of threat to the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Republic of Indonesia. The research method used is library research by collecting data from primary and secondary sources, including journal articles, books, and official documents. The data was then analyzed qualitatively using a descriptive approach. The recommendations for effective strategic leadership in addressing separatist movements in Papua include; acknowledging historical factors, engaging stakeholders, adopting preventive strategies, protecting human rights, leveraging technology, enhancing transparency and accountability, and promoting economic development.","PeriodicalId":52819,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Pertahanan Media Informasi tentang Kajian dan Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity Nasionalism Integrity","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89022877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Warship Division’s Strategy Development of PT. PAL to Strengthen the National Defense Industry","authors":"Hudayah Ramadhan, Achmad Faisol, H. Subagyo","doi":"10.33172/jp.v9i1.1663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33172/jp.v9i1.1663","url":null,"abstract":"The strength of a country can be interpreted to align with its independence and capability of a defense industry so that its defense industry can be strong enough to maintain the existence of a country. The capability of the defense industry is also influenced by the direction of government policy, as is the vision and mission of the Ministry of Defense which is committed to improving the defense industry, one of which is PT. PAL, which is engaged in the maritime sector in shipbuilding and maintenance. To realize the government's vision and mission, PT. PAL felt the need to provide more exploration in developing its warship division. In developing the warship division, a special strategy is needed to achieve the PT. PAL desired target. This study aims to determine the strategy for the development of the warship division at PT. PAL. This study uses a descriptive analysis method with a qualitative approach. The study was conducted in the Warship Division of PT. PAL which is located at Ujung Street in Surabaya. Sources of data in this study are informants and documents. The data collection technique is triangulation. The results showed that the strategy used was a differentiation strategy and a focus strategy with breakthrough steps including implementation of front-end back-end mechanisms in business development, project financing to optimize production facilities, increasing productivity through the implementation of the Full Block Outfitting System (FSOB), optimization of production equipment, the productivity of measurement center, the productivity of welding center, quality policies and other policies that lead to the implementation of Good Corporate Governance practices at PT. PAL.","PeriodicalId":52819,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Pertahanan Media Informasi tentang Kajian dan Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity Nasionalism Integrity","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81071934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aziz Ali Haerulloh, Lukman Yudho Prakoso, Rudi Sutanto
{"title":"Lessons Learned from the Battle in the Java Sea between the Imperial Japanese Navy and the American, British, Dutch & Australian Command Navies to Develop the Indonesian Maritime Defense","authors":"Aziz Ali Haerulloh, Lukman Yudho Prakoso, Rudi Sutanto","doi":"10.33172/jp.v9i1.1887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33172/jp.v9i1.1887","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to dissect the battle in the Java Sea between Japan and the Allies as a lesson learned in developing Indonesia's maritime defense. The research method is a descriptive qualitative approach to historical methods and thematic phenomenology. The results of this study show the weakening of maritime culture and changes in the cultural perspective of the people and the Dutch East Indies colonial government, which resulted in a massive and fast defeat process in sea battles that determined one of them, namely in the Java Sea. This event became a lesson for Indonesia to rebuild a maritime culture towards a world maritime axis country. Maritime Culture is the foundation for strengthening Indonesia's layered maritime defense system but with the availability of a fleet that has yet to reach the current Minimum Essential Forces (MEF) target.","PeriodicalId":52819,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Pertahanan Media Informasi tentang Kajian dan Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity Nasionalism Integrity","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77794777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}