Current Pollution Reports最新文献

{"title":"Breaching Barriers: Microplastic Translocation into Human Body Through Food and Implications for Neurodegeneration","authors":"Chman Shahzadi,&nbsp;Lisa Aielli,&nbsp;Erica Costantini,&nbsp;Marcella Reale,&nbsp;Piero Di Carlo","doi":"10.1007/s40726-025-00386-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40726-025-00386-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Plastics are ubiquitous in modern life, widely used in food containers, packaging, and textiles. Micro- and nano plastics (MNPs), originating from environmental sources, agricultural practices, and packaging materials, can infiltrate the food chain, posing potential health risks.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Studies have demonstrated that MNPs leach into food from both the surrounding environment and plastic packaging, with factors such as low pH and elevated temperatures significantly enhancing their release. Upon ingestion, these particles traverse biological barriers, enter systemic circulation, and accumulate in organs, including neurons and brain regions, where they disrupt normal biological processes. Mechanistically, MNPs induce neuronal damage through oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, lysosomal dysfunction, altered proinflammatory gene expression, and neurotoxicity, which can trigger pyroptosis and progressive neuronal loss, ultimately contributing to neurodegeneration.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>This systematic review synthesizes studies from the past fifteen years, documenting the presence of MNPs in food and beverages, quantifying their levels, and linking their occurrence to environmental plastic pollution and packaging materials. It also highlights the role of MNPs in neurotoxicity, elucidating potential biological mechanisms leading to neuronal damage, and their possible association with neurological disorders such as cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>These findings underscore the urgent need for further research to track MNPs within the nervous system and to implement mitigation strategies aimed at reducing MNP contamination across the food supply chain.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":528,"journal":{"name":"Current Pollution Reports","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40726-025-00386-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145316120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Ionic Strength and Electrolyte Type on Phosphorus Deposition and Release from the Sediments","authors":"Yuepeng Yin,&nbsp;Jie Qin,&nbsp;Anqi Guo,&nbsp;Yao Xiao,&nbsp;Lijihong Ye,&nbsp;Peng Wang,&nbsp;Qingman Li,&nbsp;Wen Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s40726-025-00384-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40726-025-00384-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose of Review</h3><p>Assessing the risk of sediment phosphorus (P) release is essential for managing eutrophication in watershed. However, the crucial effects of electrolytes type and ionic strength on the potential for P release from sediments remain underexplored. This study investigates the influence of common types of electrolyte (CaCl₂, NaCl, KCl) and ionic strength (0 M, 0.001 M, 0.01 M CaCl₂) on indexes of P release from sediments.</p><h3>Recent Findings</h3><p>Here, our results show that (1) increasing the ionic strength in the water corresponded to an increase in the maximum adsorption capacity of sediment for P (SP_max), while the maximum desorption amount (<i>R</i>_max) and the equilibrium concentration of adsorbed P (EPC₀) decreased, which can be attributed to the electrostatic repulsion between the negatively charged sediment surface particles and P; (2) the presence of CaCl₂ resulted in lower EPC₀ and <i>R</i>_max values of the sediments, while the adsorption constant (<i>k</i>) and SP_max were higher. There was no difference in the NaCl and KCl systems. This discrepancy is believed to be due to calcium ions being more effective in inhibiting P release from sediments as they can form Ca-P precipitates with P and precipitates with anions, promoting P deposition in sediments. Furthermore, potassium ions, due to their smaller hydration radius and lower hydration energy compared to sodium ions, facilitate a closer approach to sediment colloid adsorption layers, favoring sediment P deposition stably.</p><h3>Summary</h3><p>This study aims to promote the proper use of buffer solutions in standardized experiments, particularly in the sediment of heavily P-polluted watersheds, minimizing biases due to incorrect procedures, and to provide accurate data and theoretical support for the broader scientific community.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":528,"journal":{"name":"Current Pollution Reports","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discrepancies in Asia–Pacific Standards for Water Quality in Aquaculture and Comparison with Reported Coastal Surface Water Quality in Central Thailand","authors":"Sohail Rafiq,&nbsp;Soydoa Vinitnantharat,&nbsp;Jidapa Plaimart,&nbsp;Pavinee Pattanachan,&nbsp;Rattikan Neamchan,&nbsp;Anawach Saithong,&nbsp;Bundit Tirachulee,&nbsp;David Werner","doi":"10.1007/s40726-025-00388-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40726-025-00388-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose of Review</h3><p>Aquaculture has grown rapidly over the years and Asia–Pacific is leading the World in aquaculture production. But poor water quality has serious impacts on farmed animals leading to stunted growth, low quality produce, high mortality rates and ultimately economic failure of aquaculture businesses. Many countries have set water quality standards (WQS) to protect aquaculture and assure the quality of its produce. However, WQS differ from country to country, while the market for aquaculture produce is global. This leads to inconsistencies that affect aquaculture producers and the environment.</p><h3>Recent Findings</h3><p>Key parameters for animal health include dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, temperature, ammonia, heavy metals, pesticides and pathogens. On the other hand, bioaccumulation of heavy metals, pesticides, persistent organic pollutants, microbial contamination, drug residues and antimicrobial resistance are health risks for consumers of aquaculture produce and require careful control strategies. Considering Thailand as an example, the WQS set by the Thai Government are stringent compared with other Asian countries, but the literature review illustrates that for a few parameters coastal water quality in central Thailand regularly exceeds the set limits.</p><h3>Summary</h3><p>Practically speaking, setting strict WQS can make it challenging for small-scale producers with limited resources to meet these requirements, which discourages compliance. Therefore, a global approach is needed not just via food safety standards, but also for surface water quality protection, to assure fair competition in an increasingly globalized aquaculture market.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":528,"journal":{"name":"Current Pollution Reports","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of High Temperature and Heat Waves on Health Outcomes of Three Disease Types in China: A Systematic Review","authors":"Xi You,&nbsp;Yukai Zhang,&nbsp;Yitu Liu,&nbsp;Aifang Gao,&nbsp;Yansen Yang,&nbsp;Aiguo Li,&nbsp;Ze Yin","doi":"10.1007/s40726-025-00383-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40726-025-00383-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose of Review</h3><p>High temperature (HT) and heat waves (HWs) are escalating meteorological phenomena, with profound impacts on public health. This review aims to investigate the characteristics, regional heterogeneity, and health impacts of HT and HWs in China, with a focus on vulnerable populations and co-exposure risks. It addresses how HT/HW-related mortality and morbidity vary across regions, while evaluating the compounded effects of air pollution (e.g., ozone (O₃)) under extreme heat.</p><h3>Recent Findings</h3><p>Recent studies underscore that HT and HWs significantly increase all-cause, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular, and respiratory mortality and morbidity in China, particularly under co-exposure to pollutants like O₃. Vulnerable groups, including older adults, females, and children, exhibit heightened sensitivity. Climate projections warn of escalating burdens heat-related deaths could rise in the future. Standardizing HT and HWs definitions are essential to ensure consistent health impact assessments in vulnerability and exposure risks. Time series analysis was the most commonly used.</p><h3>Summary</h3><p>This review concludes that HT/HW-related health impacts exhibit significant heterogeneity in China, with older adults, females, and children facing heightened vulnerability to mortality. HT/HW increased the morbidity risk. The findings underscore the urgent need for standardized HT/HW definitions, multidisciplinary research integrating climate and health data, and expanded monitoring of long-term exposure effects. Appropriate health policies will be critical for mitigating risks and addressing disparities in heat wave adaptation across diverse climatic zones.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":528,"journal":{"name":"Current Pollution Reports","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioaccumulation and Toxic Effects of Micro- and Nanoplastics in Zebrafish: A Critical Review","authors":"Bo Ren,&nbsp;Xiangrui Wang,&nbsp;Xin Wang,&nbsp;Zhejie Hou,&nbsp;Ying Wang,&nbsp;Wenhong Fan","doi":"10.1007/s40726-025-00385-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40726-025-00385-3","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Purpose of Review&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The United Nations Environment Programme has reported that over 460 million tons of plastic are produced globally each year, with half being disposable. Each year, approximately 8 million tons of this plastic waste end up in oceans, rivers, and lakes, resulting in a continuous rise in the release of micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) into the aquatic environment. Importantly, microplastics have penetrated aquatic organisms, food chains, and even human organs, including the placenta of newborns. The depth and scope of their impact have become an environmental problem affecting the world.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Recent Findings&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Recently, MNPs research has increasingly focused on understanding the bioaccumulation of these particles across diverse ecosystems and species, as well as their potential toxicological effects, due to their persistence in the environment, ease of ingestion by organisms, and ability to traverse biological barriers. Studies have demonstrated that MNPs can accumulate in aquatic organisms, such as fish and invertebrates, leading to potential bioaccumulation and biomagnification through the food web. For instance, MNPs have been found in various organs, including the digestive system, gills, and liver of aquatic species, posing risks to their health, reproduction, and behavior. Toxicologically, MNPs induce a range of adverse effects, starting with oxidative stress and inflammation, as evidenced by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and upregulated pro-inflammatory genes like IL-1β in embryos exposed to polystyrene NPs. These cellular disruptions progress to developmental delays, such as reduced hatching rates and larval growth, and extend to neurotoxic outcomes, including altered swimming behavior and inhibited neurotransmitter function. Furthermore, reproductive impairments in adults and surprising transgenerational effects—where unexposed offspring exhibit reduced fertility and altered gene expression—underscore the pervasive and potentially heritable impact of MNPs. These findings highlight the importance of further exploring the multidimensional impacts of MNPs bioaccumulation and toxic effects in vivo.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Summary&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;MNPs have been widely detected in aquatic environments worldwide, and their potential threats to aquatic ecosystems and organisms are of significant concern. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a pivotal model organism in environmental toxicology, valued for its biological characteristics, genetic similarities to humans, and the capacity for full life cycle studies, which together provide crucial insights into the ecological risks associated with MNPs. MNPs can enter the zebrafish body at various developmental stages through both ingestion and respiration. Small-sized MNPs have the ability to cross the blood-–brain barrier and intestinal barrier, spreading throughout different organs such as the liver, heart and brain. Exposure to MNPs can lead to toxic effects through both physical and ch","PeriodicalId":528,"journal":{"name":"Current Pollution Reports","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145145408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Atmospheric Micro/Nanoplastics: Insights into Source and Fate for Modelling Studies","authors":"Fei Jiang,&nbsp;Chengze Gao,&nbsp;Arthur W. H. Chan,&nbsp;David O. Topping,&nbsp;Hongliang Zhang,&nbsp;Weijun Li,&nbsp;Hugh Coe,&nbsp;Xiaohong Liu,&nbsp;Joseph Ching,&nbsp;Zhonghua Zheng","doi":"10.1007/s40726-025-00375-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40726-025-00375-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose of Review</h3><p>Micro/nanoplastics (MNPs), as emerging pollutants, have attracted increasing attention due to their potential adverse effects on human health, ecosystems, and climate. The rapid, turbulent, and large-scale nature of atmospheric transport facilitates both horizontal and vertical movement of MNPs over long distances within a short time, largely independent of topographical constraints, thereby accelerating their global cycle and exacerbating their impacts. Despite growing interest, our understanding of the atmospheric lifecycle of MNPs remains limited. This review aims to synthesise recent advances in understanding the atmospheric lifecycle of MNPs, including their emission sources, long-range transport characteristics, and driving mechanisms. It also evaluates the key sources of uncertainty—particularly those related to emission flux estimates—and provides corresponding recommendations for future research.</p><h3>Recent Findings</h3><p>Current research on the atmospheric processes of MNPs primarily relies on a combination of observational data and numerical modelling. Two major uncertainties in atmospheric micro/nanoplastic (AMNP) emissions persist: the wide variability in marine emission estimates, which span four orders of magnitude, and the unresolved question of whether terrestrial or marine sources are the dominant contributors to AMNP emissions. Furthermore, this review highlights critical factors driving these uncertainties, including limited data availability, inconsistencies in observational methodologies, oversimplified simulations, and gaps in understanding atmospheric cycling mechanisms. Additionally, variations in the particle size ranges targeted by different observational and modelling studies hinder cross-comparisons and model evaluations, representing another important source of uncertainty.</p><h3>Summary</h3><p>AMNP research is constrained by multiple uncertainties that hinder a comprehensive understanding of their emissions, transport, and fate. To address these issues, we call for establishing a global network of standardised observations, improving sampling and simulation practices, and incorporating artificial intelligence. These strategies will enhance our understanding of the complete atmospheric cycle of MNPs, paving the way for more effective environmental management and better-informed policy decisions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":528,"journal":{"name":"Current Pollution Reports","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40726-025-00375-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144990601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing Heavy Metal Removal from Industrial Wastewater Using Oil Palm Waste–Based Adsorbent: toward Efficient Adsorption and Commercialization","authors":"Mohd Amir Asyraf Mohd Hamzah,&nbsp;Norhaniza Yusof,&nbsp;Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini,&nbsp;Zainul Akmar Zakaria,&nbsp;Juhana Jaafar,&nbsp;Nurasyikin Misdan","doi":"10.1007/s40726-025-00381-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40726-025-00381-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose of Review</h3><p>The palm oil industry, as the largest producer of edible oil in the world, generates considerable volumes of biomass waste, including oil palm fronds, trunks, empty fruit bunches, mesocarp fibers, palm kernel shells, and palm oil fuel ash. Improper disposal of these residues contributes to environmental pollution and resource management challenges. This review aims to critically evaluate recent developments in transforming oil palm biomass waste (OPW) into low-cost, high-performance adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater, while aligning with zero-waste and circular economy goals.</p><h3>Recent Findings</h3><p>Recent studies have demonstrated that OPW-derived adsorbents, when subjected to particle size reduction and surface functionalization, exhibit significantly enhanced adsorption capacity and recovery efficiency. Notably, activated carbon nanoparticles derived from empty fruit bunch via KOH activation have demonstrated adsorption capacities exceeding 1000 mg/g for Cu²⁺ and Pb²⁺, attributed to their ultrafine size and high surface reactivity. These materials also show strong reusability, with over 80% adsorption efficiency retained after multiple regeneration cycles. Integration of OPW adsorbents into dynamic systems such as fixed-bed columns, adsorption-membrane hybrids, magnetic composites, and gel matrices have been explored to improve operational stability, pollutant removal, and ease of recovery.\u0000</p><h3>Summary</h3><p>This review underscores the potential of OPW-derived adsorbents as sustainable and cost-effective alternatives for industrial wastewater treatment. The incorporation of OPW-based materials into engineered systems and the evaluation of post-treatment strategies (e.g., regeneration, reuse, safe disposal) demonstrate their applicability for real-world continuous processes. By promoting the valorization of agricultural waste and addressing current pollution control needs, these materials contribute to improved wastewater management, sustainable resource management, and industrial circularity in palm oil–producing regions. The findings offer valuable insights for environmental managers, policymakers, and industries in adopting circular economy practices and eco-friendly pollution control solutions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":528,"journal":{"name":"Current Pollution Reports","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40726-025-00381-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144990600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Underexplored Role of Dissolved Organic Matter in Facilitating Arsenic Enrichment in Alpine Riverine Systems: A Review of Current Status and Future Perspectives","authors":"Tianliang Zheng,&nbsp;Yue Jiang,&nbsp;Xiangjun Pei","doi":"10.1007/s40726-025-00380-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40726-025-00380-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose of Review</h3><p>Geogenic As enrichment occurs in alpine riverine systems worldwide, while the understanding of the facilitation of DOM transformation on As enrichment remains unclear. This review aims to summarize the typical occurrence of As anomaly and the principal components of DOM in global alpine river systems, and evaluate the critical pathways of DOM participating in As mobilization under different geochemical scenarios.</p><h3>Recent Findings</h3><p>DOM constitutions in alpine riverine systems were distinct from downstream urbanized river basins due to the glacier degradation, atmosphere pollution, and permafrost thawing, etc. Notably, the diverse functional groups in DOM could potentially affect As mobility through triggering the As-bearing mineral transformation, changing As redox species, competitive adsorption, and the formation of surface complex species. The formation of the ternary DOM-Fe-As complex is also critical for controlling the As mobility in the water–sediment interface.</p><h3>Summary</h3><p>Future study should focus on the long-term and high-resolution monitoring of spatial-temporal variations in the concurrent transformations in DOM and As in alpine riverine systems, and it is urgent to utilize comprehensive characterization technologies in combination with <i>state-of-the-art</i> statistical analysis for quantitatively refining our understanding on the detailed mechanism accounting for the facilitation of DOM transformation on As enrichment in alpine riverine system, which is fundamental for developing remediation technologies for geogenic As enrichment and securing the safe drinking water supply in headwater regions globally.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":528,"journal":{"name":"Current Pollution Reports","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144897180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances in the Observation and Modeling of Aerosol-Cloud Interactions, Cloud Feedbacks, and Earth’s Energy Imbalance: A Review","authors":"Takuro Michibata,&nbsp;Casey J. Wall,&nbsp;Nagio Hirota,&nbsp;Brandon M. Duran,&nbsp;Toru Nozawa","doi":"10.1007/s40726-025-00382-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40726-025-00382-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose of review</h3><p>This review focuses on improving the understanding of the effects of anthropogenic aerosols on cloud processes, precipitation, radiation, climate, associated feedback mechanisms, and Earth’s energy imbalance (EEI), with a particular emphasis on literature published after the IPCC AR6.</p><h3>Recent findings</h3><p>EarthCARE, an epoch-making satellite mission, has just been launched in 2024. Global climate models (GCMs) have become sophisticated, particularly with respect to the treatment of precipitation, and novel GCMs have been developed for the upcoming Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP). Satellite simulators have been used to incorporate new diagnostics to facilitate an apples-to-apples comparison between the models and observations established in the recent studies.</p><h3>Summary</h3><p>To reduce the key uncertainties at fundamental process levels, we focus on: (1) assessing model-observation discrepancies, (2) improving the existing models, and (3) examining the linkage between effective radiative forcing, cloud feedback, and the recent EEI trends.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":528,"journal":{"name":"Current Pollution Reports","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40726-025-00382-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large Scale Microplastic Fibre Analysis in Wastewater: A Comprehensive Review and Recommendations","authors":"James V. Tarte,&nbsp;Mohammad Boshir Ahmed,&nbsp;Van-Tung Tra,&nbsp;Qilin Wang,&nbsp;Md Abu Hasan Johir,&nbsp;Long D. Nghiem","doi":"10.1007/s40726-025-00378-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40726-025-00378-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose of Review</h3><p>This review provides a critical analysis of current and emerging methods for identifying and quantifying microplastic fibres (MPF) in wastewater, covering all key steps of sample collection, pretreatment, and analytical analysis. There are currently no universally accepted standards for collecting and analysing MPF. This review aims to provide new insights to develop appropriate processes for collecting and analysing MPF in wastewater through a critical analysis of the literature.</p><h3>Recent Findings</h3><p>Previous studies have used non-selective grab sampling and stacked sieving apparatuses to collect and/or sort microplastics, but very few have been specifically applied to MPF. Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) digestion is the most widely used for sample preparation prior to MPF analysis. MPF quantification by manual counting under an optical microscope is possible but is inefficient and unable to meet the required level of accuracy. Either micro–Fourier Transport Infrared (µFTIR) or µ-Raman is suitable for polymer identification. They each have distinctive reported strengths and weaknesses, and µFTIR is more appropriate for MPF analysis.</p><h3>Summary</h3><p>Fast and scalable analysis can be achieved with grab sampling for collection, H₂O₂ digestion for pretreatment, filtration using glass fibre or alumina oxide membranes, and then microscopic imaging with fluorene tagging for automated counting. Transmittance μFTIR is the most appropriate tool for polymer identification. Density separation, extensive sample digestion, manual counting, and Raman spectroscopy are not required or incompatible for MPF analysis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":528,"journal":{"name":"Current Pollution Reports","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40726-025-00378-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144843209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}