daehanhwangyeonggonghaghoeji最新文献

{"title":"A Study on the Environmental Assessment of Bottled Water using Life Cycle Assessment Methodology","authors":"Jong-Sung Kim, Chankyu Lee, Noh-Hyun Lim, Y. Han, I. Han","doi":"10.4491/ksee.2022.44.10.345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2022.44.10.345","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives : The purpose of this study is to analyze the environmental assessment through the LCA(Life Cycle Assessment) method targeting the bottled water products with the largest distribution proportion in the domestic beverage product in South Korea. In other words, by quantitatively evaluating greenhouse gas emissions and major environmental indicators during the entire life cycle of bottled water products, it is intended to be helpful in product environmental improvement measures by deriving applicable alternatives.Methods : Assessment method of the greenhouse gas emissions and major environmental indicators followed “Guidelines for Environmental Product Declaration of Products” in South Korea. In this study, Carbon footprint and other major environmental indicators(Resource footprint, Ozone depletion, Acidification, Eutrophication, Photochemical smog, Water footprint) of bottled water product were calculated. The life cycle assessment for bottled water products was considered for the Pre-manufacturing, Manufacturing, Distribution and End of life, and Use stage was excluded.Results and Discussion : As a result of analyzing Carbon footprint and other major environmental indicators, Carbon footprint of 500 ml of bottled water is 8.28E-02 kg CO2 -eq./unit, Resource footprint(RF) is 2.34E-03 kg Sb-eq./unit, ozone depletion(OD) is 3.25E-05 kg CFC-11-eq./unit, Acidification(AF) is 3.81E-04 kg SO2-eq/unit eutrophication(EP) is 6.64E-05 kg PO43-eq./unit, photochemical smog(PS) is 6.85E-04 kg C2H4-eq./unit, Water footprint(WF) was evaluated as 1.19E-03 m3 H2O-eq./unit.Conclusion : It was identified that the PET bottle manufacturing process occupies the highest environmental impact in RF, CF, AF, EP and PS. The transportation of bottled water products is the highest at 97.1% in OD, which is attributed to refrigerants such as CFC-114, which are used for cooling while driving vehicles. Based on the research results, in order to improve the eco-friendliness of bottled water, it is necessary to reduce the use of PET bottle resin and increase the use of recycled PET(r-PET) as an alternative technology. It is necessary to expand the introduction of eco-friendly vehicles for product transportation and to improve packaging technology.","PeriodicalId":52756,"journal":{"name":"daehanhwangyeonggonghaghoeji","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46360512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends and perspectives of microbial electrolysis cell technology for ultimate green hydrogen production","authors":"Bonyoung Koo, Sokhee P. Jung","doi":"10.4491/ksee.2022.44.10.383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2022.44.10.383","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, gray hydrogen and blue hydrogen are widely recognized as renewable energy, but in reality, they are made from fossil fuels. The most important task to achieve the hydrogen-based society is the development of economic green hydrogen production technology. Microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) is a next-generation energy-producing wastewater treatment technology that treats renewable organic wastewater and simultaneously produces the ultimate green hydrogen. For hydrogen production in MFC, it is necessary to input electrical energy into MEC. However, that energy is all covered by the energy produced by the MEC. Therefore, hydrogen production in MEC can be defined as the ultimate green hydrogen. This review contains an in-depth summary and analysis of the principles and feasibility of MEC technology, the composition and shape of MEC, electrode materials, and practical application cases in various types of wastewaters. Furthermore, compatibility and scalability with other environmental systems were reviewed at the pilot scale. Based on this, the technical limitations of MEC were diagnosed and future research directions for the practical application of MEC technology were suggested.","PeriodicalId":52756,"journal":{"name":"daehanhwangyeonggonghaghoeji","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49251904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gamma Radiation Induced Degradation and Leaching Behavior of Ion Exchange Resin","authors":"W. Choi, S. Lim","doi":"10.4491/ksee.2022.44.10.366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2022.44.10.366","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives : The objectives of this study were to investigate gamma radiation induced degradation and leaching behavior of nuclide and/or organic complexing agent adsorbed ion exchange resin.Methods : Cation exchange resin (IRN 77) and anion exchange resin (IRN 78) widely used in nuclear power plants were purchased. Cobalt ion and EDTA were used to represent nuclide and organic complexing agent adsorbed to ion exchange resins. Cation and anion exchange resin adsorbed cobalt ion and/or EDTA were radiated by 60Co nuclide. The radiation dose rate was 10 kGy/hr and total doses were 0, 300, 500, and 700 kGy.Results and Discussion : The sulfone and quaternary ammonium functional groups of gamma radiated ion exchange resin were degraded, indicating nuclide/organic complexing agent would be leached from ion exchange resin. It was shown that degradation of anion exchange resin was worse than that of cation exchange resin. While the high concentrations of cobalt ion and organic matter were observed in leachate from anion exchange resin, those in leachate from cation exchange resin were very low. For mixed cation and anion exchange resin, the leaching behavior of mixed resin was improved. This shows that disposal in the form of a mixed ion exchange resin was evaluated as a safer method than that of a cation or anion exchange resin alone.Conclusion : The adsorbed nuclide and organic complexing agent were leached from ion exchange resin by gamma irradiation. The leaching behavior of cation and anion exchange resin was improved by using mixed ion exchange resin.","PeriodicalId":52756,"journal":{"name":"daehanhwangyeonggonghaghoeji","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42124367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Feasibility Study on Application of Eulerian Path Concept to Design of Water Supply Pipe Network","authors":"Sukmin Yoon, Hong Rae Kil, Doo Young Choi, Jong-Oh Kim, N. Park","doi":"10.4491/ksee.2022.44.9.298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2022.44.9.298","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives : This study attempted to investigated the advantages that can be obtained by applying the concept of ‘Eulerian path’ called ‘one-touch drawing’ to the block type water supply network which actually has been operating in Korea.Methods : This study applied the ‘Eulerian path’ concept to an actual water supply network, and suggested simple C language program for searching adjacency matrix. Five Eulerian path based design scenarios were derived using the C language program. The pressure and residual chlorine distribution pattern of five design scenarios and the existing small block network were simulated using EPANET and compared each other. Also, by comparing all scenarios construction costs, the economic feasibility related to initial investment cost was reviewed.Results and Discussion : Five Eulerian path scenarios with two or more closed pipe loops were suggested using the C language program checking out adjacency matrix. One of them(scenario 5) consists of 7 closed pipes that can supply water to all nodes even if the number of pipes is reduced by about 10, and an increase in residual chlorine concentration of about 0.01 mg/L can be predicted at each node. In addition, it is expected that the initial investment cost of Scenario 5 can be reduced by about 23%, compared to the initial investment cost of the existing small block.Conclusion : Therefore, by applying the concept of an Eulerian path to the design of a water supply pipe network, it is possible to economically eliminate meaningless pipes while maintaining the redundancy of water supply.","PeriodicalId":52756,"journal":{"name":"daehanhwangyeonggonghaghoeji","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45123045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on Autopsy Results of over 10 Year Old Low Pressure Hollow Fiber Membrane from Domestic Water Treatment Plant","authors":"Sukmin Yoon, Young-joo Lee, Seong-Su Kim, Han-Byeol Choi, N. Park","doi":"10.4491/ksee.2022.44.9.287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2022.44.9.287","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives : In this study, membrane autopsy was performed for a parallel arrayed low-pressure membrane (microfiltration) filtration process that is actually applied to water treatment, to check out whether there are differences in the degree of membrane fouling due to the uneven flow rate into each module. Also, membrane foulants were evaluated quantitatively.Methods : In this study, autopsy was performed for over 10 year old membranes used for drinking water purification. In this way, the outer casings of membrane modules at different positions were disassembled and visually observed. In addition, In addition, the size of the pores and the porosity were investigated by taking a SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) photograph for the new and the used membrane module fiber samples in different positions from the header pipe. The used membrane foulants were classified into organic and inorganic matters and quantitatively analyzed.Results and Discussion : As a result of visually observing inside the membrane module that has produced drinking water for over 10 years, the inside of the No. 1 membrane module close to the inlet was contaminated with black foulants. On the other hand, in the case of No. 10 membrane module located farthest from the header pipe inlet, no foulants were observed with the naked eye. Also, it was observed from SEM photograph results that there were large differences in the surfaces among No. 1, 4, 6, 8 and 10 MF module fibers.Conclusion : Even after periodic physical and chemical cleaning, it was concluded that the fouling levels were different each other in the parallel arrayed low-pressure membrane modules. In addition, the pore size distribution and porosities of the membrane modules may vary depending on the position.","PeriodicalId":52756,"journal":{"name":"daehanhwangyeonggonghaghoeji","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43581517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the Effect of Solvent for Dispersing Precursor in DSA Production for Ammonia Oxidation","authors":"Darae Jeon, D. Pak","doi":"10.4491/ksee.2022.44.9.336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2022.44.9.336","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives : An economical DSA that can be used for a longer period of time and reduce the amount of precious Ru metal required in preparing the electrode was tried to be developed by using an ionic liquid instead of the alcohols as a solvent for electrode catalyst coating when preparing the DSA and comparing the performance. In addition, the possibility of green hydrogen production using ammonia was investigated by examining the possibility of oxidation of non-aqueous ammonia with the fabricated DSA electrode.Methods : 1, 2 and 3 mg/cm2 RuO2 electrodes were prepared using butanol and imidazolium-based ionic liquid (HMIM)HSO4 as a solvent for electrode coating. To optimize conditions, the electrodes prepared using butanol and ionic liquid were compared by evaluating physical and electrochemical properties. SEM-EDS and XRD were used for evaluating physicochemical properties and cyclic voltammetry was used to investigate the possibility of oxidation of non-aqueous ammonia and to compare the electrochemical properties.Results and Discussion : Through SEM-EDS measurement before and after the accelerated life time test, it was confirmed that there was a difference depending on the solvent, but in al electrodes, the cracks on the surface before the accelerated life test was desorbed and coated Ru was desorbed, revealing the matrix of the electrode. XRD analysis showed that crystallinity of the butanol solvent electrode was smaller than that of the ionic solvent electrode. Through an accelerated life test for 1, 2, and 3 mg/cm2 RuO2 electrodes by solvent, 1 mg/cm2 RuO2 produced using an ionic solution was the shortest, ending in 16 hours. The electrode 3 mg/cm2 RuO2 was terminated at 201 h, showing the longest lifetime. Through cyclic voltammetry, all RuO2 electrodes fabricated confirmed the possibility of 7 N non-aqueous ammonia oxidation and the active area of the electrodes fabricated using butanol showed a higher total electrochemical charge than the electrodes fabricated using an ionic solution.Conclusion : As the DSA solvent affects the crystallinity of the electrode, it was shown that it affects the physical life of the electrode through the accelerated life test results. Through cyclic voltammetry, the RuO2 electrode confirmed the possibility of oxidation of 7 N non-aqueous ammonia. Through comparison of ruthenium loading amount, accelerated life test, and electrochemical total charge, it is considered that the most economical electrode is a butanol solvent 2 mg/cm 2 RuO2 electrode.","PeriodicalId":52756,"journal":{"name":"daehanhwangyeonggonghaghoeji","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46339533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Greenhouse Gases Emissions by Economic Sectors Using Environmentally Extended Input-Output Analysis (EEIOA)","authors":"Yujin Park, Junbeum Kim, D. Kyung, Hung‐Suck Park","doi":"10.4491/ksee.2022.44.9.308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2022.44.9.308","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives : As climate change deepened, the concept of 2050 carbon neutrality was introduced. The COP 26 Glasgow Agreement strengthened the national greenhouse gases (GHGs) target of 2030. However, there are controversies over the feasibility of these GHGs reduction goals, considering the economic sectors energy policy and the attributes of GHGs emissions. Taking this into consideration, this study aimed to formulate the 2017 Environmentally Expanded Input-output Table to analyze the characteristics of GHGs emissions in Korea's economic sectors.Methods : The carbon dioxide emission was calculated by multiplying carbon dioxide emission factors to fuel consumption in the 2017 energy balance table, while other GHGs emissions are taken from the national GHGs inventory. All the GHGs emissions calculated and taken were allocated to 381 basic sectors of the Input-Output Table to represent each sector's characteristics of GHGs emissions. Then 381 sectors are combined into a large category of 35 sectors to formulate the 2017 Republic of Korea Environmentally Extended Input-Output Table (ROKEEIOT). Using this ROKEEIOT, the emission of Scope 1. 2, and 3 by economic sectors were estimated, and the GHGs emissions and GHGs intensity by economic sectors.Results and Discussion : The carbon dioxide emissions calculated by the 2017 ROKEEIOT prepared in this study showed a difference of 2% from the 2017 national GHGs emission statistics, confirming that the 2017 ROKEEIOT is very effective. The three economic sectors with the highest direct GHGs emissions were electricity, steam, chilled or hot water, air conditioning supply (262,280 kt CO2eq.), primary metal products (117.098 kt CO2eq.), and transportation equipment (58,332 kt CO2eq.). However, the total GHGs emissions were different in the order of construction (151,476 kt CO2eq.), transportation equipment (112,168 kt CO2eq.), computer, and electronic and optical instruments (107,868 kt CO2eq.). As a result of classifying the scope of GHGs emissions, 6 industries exceeded 50% in Scope 1, and 29 sectors exceeded 50% in Scope 3, indicating that GHGs reduction measures were necessary for the supply chain in consideration of the GHGs emissions characteristics by economic sectors. In particular, 41.68% of GHGs emissions induced by final demand were generated by exports confirming, confirming the urgent need to strengthen the carbon competitiveness of export industry in preparation for the introduction of the carbon border adjustment mechanism.Conclusion : The economic contribution, direct GHGs emissions of industries, and the amount of GHGs emissions induced by supply chains and value chains show very different patterns by economic sectors. Therefore, it was confirmed that scientific policies to reduce GHGs emissions, such as net-zero and climate change measures, should reflect the characteristics of Scope 1, which is direct emission by industry, Scope 2 emissions caused by electricity and steam consumption and scope ","PeriodicalId":52756,"journal":{"name":"daehanhwangyeonggonghaghoeji","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48053431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polystyrene (PS) Degradation by Tenebrio molitor Larvae","authors":"Matyakubov Behzad, Min-Joo Kim, Il-Du Kim, Si-Bok Park, Tae-jin Lee","doi":"10.4491/ksee.2022.44.8.249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2022.44.8.249","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives : This study examined the degradation potential of PS by yellow mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor).Methods : PS degradation characteristics by mealworm larvae were investigated by supplying PS as a nutrient, and the intestinal microflora of mealworms were analyzed. Decomposition products of PS by mealworm larvae were identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and solid nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).Results and Discussion : The maximum amount of PS degradation by mealworm larvae (about 14.3 mg/mealworm) was measured at 30℃ and 80% relative humidity, but the maximum peak degradation rate (0.154 mg/d/mealworm) was observed at 30℃ and 70% relative humidity. Most of the intestinal microorganisms of mealworms were identified as Proteobacteria except for some Firmicute, and new colonies such as Acinetobacter, Exiguobacterium, and Pseudomonas were appeared. A carbonyl group presumed to be a conversion product of PS (C-O-C vibration, 1118 cm-1, O-C=O stretch, 1644 cm-1) was observed.Conclusion : Maximum decomposition of PS by mealworm larvae was achieved at 30℃ and 80% relative humidity, and structural changes of PS were observed in the decomposition product. Isolation of the intestinal pure microorganisms contributing to PS degradation and stimulation of PS degradation by the microorganism should be conducted at a follow-up study.","PeriodicalId":52756,"journal":{"name":"daehanhwangyeonggonghaghoeji","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46625381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Urbanization on Land use and Land Cover Changes in Growing Cities of Rwanda","authors":"T. Bimenyimana, Eric Derrick Bugenimana, Eliezel Habineza, M. Bushesha, Mohammod Ali","doi":"10.4491/ksee.2022.44.8.258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2022.44.8.258","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives : This research examined the effect of urbanization on environmental justice in Rwanda from 1999 to 2019. Specifically, the research sought to document changes in land use and land cover in the study region in order to analyze the environmental consequences of urban growth in Rwanda.Methods : Land use/land cover patterns were identified and modelled using remotely sensed data.Results and Discussion : The findings revealed that in the majority of cases, economic development influenced land use change in various aspects, both in terms of area and intensity, which replaced agricultural land with human settlements. For example Nyagatare city, built-up areas have expanded by 15 to 20%, while forests, vegetation, and waterbodies have decreased by 49%. It has been noted that urbanization is out of step with the natural urban environment, resulting in soil erosion, violent winds, flooding, and landslides, all of which are linked to environmental injustice. Also, settlement destruction, flooding, infrastructure damage, loss of natural habitat, and agricultural loss were all linked to urban expansion, particularly uncontrolled settlements in metropolitan contexts, with 64 people killed and 178 injured in just five years.Conclusion : Therefore, this shows that there are consequences of biodiversity losses which affect land use and land cover. To overcome, the research suggests current households located in high-risk zones be moved to the convenient zones and the government policy to focus on family planning, encouraging the flexibility of land use, crop production, and farming systems based on agroecosystem models, and strengthening the greening city strategy by raising public understanding on environmental issues.","PeriodicalId":52756,"journal":{"name":"daehanhwangyeonggonghaghoeji","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49634408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parameter analysis and Reliability Evaluation of Road Traffic Noise Prediction Model for Highway Traffic Noise Evaluation","authors":"Jewon Yoon, Chulhwan Kim, Wee Sun Lee, Hyejin Kang, J. Lee","doi":"10.4491/ksee.2022.44.8.267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2022.44.8.267","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to evaluate the reliability of prediction models(KHTN, RLS-90, CRTN, NMPB-08) that are widely used in road traffic noise analysis. For this purpose, the accuracy and difference values of the prediction model were analyzed by comparing the measurement values performed at the total of 21 highway sites, reflecting various conditions such as road structure, road pavement type, and noise barrier installation. In addition, the correlation between commercial programs(SoundPlan, CadnaA) was compared and reviewed for each of the same prediction models. First of all, as a result of analyzing the accuracy of each prediction model, KHTN is rated as 92.8% the most accurate based on ±3 dB error range. And CRTN is rated as 74.0~76.8% the most accurate among prediction models inherent in commercial programs. And, as a result of analyzing the correlation between commercial programs for prediction models, CRTN is 100% highly correlated and NMPB has the lowest correlation by 69.6%.","PeriodicalId":52756,"journal":{"name":"daehanhwangyeonggonghaghoeji","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43357054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}