Biulleten'' Pochvennogo instituta im VV Dokuchaeva最新文献_第8页

Anna Egorovna Dokuchaeva – the first Russian woman soil scientist Anna Egorovna Dokuchaeva——俄罗斯第一位女性土壤科学家

Biulleten'' Pochvennogo instituta im VV Dokuchaeva Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.19047/0136-1694-2021-d-51-69

E. Rusakova

{"title":"Anna Egorovna Dokuchaeva – the first Russian woman soil scientist","authors":"E. Rusakova","doi":"10.19047/0136-1694-2021-d-51-69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2021-d-51-69","url":null,"abstract":"In 2021 we celebrate the 175th anniversary of the birth of the founder of Soil Science – Vasiliy Vasilievich Dokuchaev, and his wife and colleague – Anna Egorovna Dokuchaeva (Sinclair). V.V. Dokuchaev personally highly appreciated the outstanding role of Anna Egorovna in the formation of the Russian school of soil scientists, calling her the first Russian woman soil scientist. The article is devoted to the life of A.E. Dokuchaeva and based on the analysis of a few archival materials and literature. He emphasized its importance not only in his own life and scientific work, but also noted its influence on the formation of young soil scientists. By the moment of the meeting with V.V. Dokuchaev, Anna Egorovna was an educated and financially independent woman, had teaching experience and was the head of a private girls’ school, that belonged to her, and led an active social life. A successful, active, but at the same time the fragile young woman, being the head of educational institution, became for her husband not just a loving and beloved wife, but also a loyal companion and assistant, in whom he always found understanding and encouragement, his reliable support. Anna Egorovna helped her husband with translations with scientific articles, participated with him in the preparation and work of the VIII Congress of Russian Naturalists and Doctors, traveled with Vasiliy Vasilievich on expeditions, and processed the materials collected. This is only a small part of what Anna Egorovna did in Soil Science and of what we know today from documents and memoirs, most likely her scientific activity was much wider. In the Dokuchaevs’ house, there was a close connection between the family and Anna Egorovna’s scientific activities, which only people close to the family, friends, and students of Vasiliy Vasilievich knew about, but for most people Anna Egorovna was not a scientist.","PeriodicalId":52755,"journal":{"name":"Biulleten'' Pochvennogo instituta im VV Dokuchaeva","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68254572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Developing the paradigm of environmental management in agriculture (to the 175-th anniversary of V.V. Dokuchaev) 发展农业环境管理范式(致多库恰耶夫诞辰175周年)

Biulleten'' Pochvennogo instituta im VV Dokuchaeva Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.19047/0136-1694-2021-d-5-26

V. Kiryushin

{"title":"Developing the paradigm of environmental management in agriculture (to the 175-th anniversary of V.V. Dokuchaev)","authors":"V. Kiryushin","doi":"10.19047/0136-1694-2021-d-5-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2021-d-5-26","url":null,"abstract":"The main stages of the formation of ecological paradigms of environmental management are considered, the fundamental role of V.V. Dokuchaev ideas and the importance of following V.I. Vernadskiy works in their development are shown. The role of scientists of the Club of Rome in the development of the ideology of sustainable development and its controversial perception by the world scientific community is reflected. The analysis of the existing paradigms, in particular of the co-evolutionary paradigm, and its implementation in the theory and practice of adaptive-landscape farming systems is given. The priority tasks for its improvement are defined. Further prospects for its development are considered in the framework of the proposed constructive-biospheric paradigm of environmental management, which implies the creation of a network of agricultural landscapes (agricultural, water, land reclamation, agro-industrial, rural forestry, livestock, residential) in compliance with the ecological status of the territory. The grouping of ecological functions of the landscape and mechanisms of their transformation into socio-economic functions are considered as tools for landscape-ecological planning and design.","PeriodicalId":52755,"journal":{"name":"Biulleten'' Pochvennogo instituta im VV Dokuchaeva","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68254628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Digital mapping of erosion degree of soils using the factor - property and factor - process - property models (the south of the Central Russian upland) 利用因子-性质和因子-过程-性质模型的土壤侵蚀程度数字制图(俄罗斯中部高地南部)

Biulleten'' Pochvennogo instituta im VV Dokuchaeva Pub Date : 2020-12-03 DOI: 10.19047/0136-1694-2020-104-158-198

M. Smirnova, A. Zhidkin, N. Lozbenev, E. Zazdravnykh, D. Kozlov

{"title":"Digital mapping of erosion degree of soils using the factor - property and factor - process - property models (the south of the Central Russian upland)","authors":"M. Smirnova, A. Zhidkin, N. Lozbenev, E. Zazdravnykh, D. Kozlov","doi":"10.19047/0136-1694-2020-104-158-198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2020-104-158-198","url":null,"abstract":"Soil degradation resulting from water erosion poses a serious threat to food and environmental security, therefore the research of soil erosion features and soil erosion mapping do not lose their relevance. The paper presents the results of large-scale digital mapping of the erosion degree of the arable soils in the Prokhorovsky district of the Belgorod region (85 thousand hectares), based on two approaches: (1) linking the factors of erosion-accumulative processes and the erosion degree of soil directly (factor -property model), and (2) due to imitation erosion model WaTEM/SEDEM (factor - process - property model). The inclusion of the process component into the digital soil mapping algorithm allows taking into account not only the spatial but also the temporal soil erosion features. It was revealed that the agricultural development of the Prokhorovsky district was primarily carried out on lands that are weakly prone to erosion, with the rate of erosion almost two times lower than on younger arable lands. As a result, the soil erosion maps, based on the factor - process - property model, with and without taking into account the duration of agricultural use, largely correspond to each other. Dominant soil categories (the map pixel corresponds to one soil taxa - noneroded and slightly eroded, medium, highly eroded), mapping by factor -property and factor - process - property models, have a high degree of correspondence to each other (prediction identity for 90% of pixels), while the soil combinations (the map pixel has information on the proportion of soils with different erosion degrees of soil) more significant (identity for less than 60% of pixels). The areas of zonal, erosion-zonal, and weakly eroded soil combinations differ 1.5-2 times, in the direction of a greater degree of soil erosion on the factor - process - property map.","PeriodicalId":52755,"journal":{"name":"Biulleten'' Pochvennogo instituta im VV Dokuchaeva","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68254130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Modern state of irrigated soils at the south of the Volga upland 伏尔加河高地南部灌溉土壤的现代状况

Biulleten'' Pochvennogo instituta im VV Dokuchaeva Pub Date : 2020-12-03 DOI: 10.19047/0136-1694-2020-104-68-109

E. Zinchenko, I. Gorokhova, N. Kruglyakova, N. Khitrov

{"title":"Modern state of irrigated soils at the south of the Volga upland","authors":"E. Zinchenko, I. Gorokhova, N. Kruglyakova, N. Khitrov","doi":"10.19047/0136-1694-2020-104-68-109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2020-104-68-109","url":null,"abstract":"The goal is to assess the impact of 50-year irrigation by sprinkling on soil processes occurring in the light-chestnut soils (Luvic Kastanozem (Loamic, Aric, Protosodic, Bathysalic)) of the southern slopes of the Volga upland at the Volga-Don interfluve (FSUE “Oroshaemoe”, the Volgograd region) with deep ground water. Water for irrigation is supplied from the Varvarovsky reservoir of the Volga-Don Canal system. It is characterized by a total dissolved salts of about 1 g/l, a bicarbonate-chloride-sulfate compositionwith an increased sodium content. Detailed morphological description of soil profiles, granulometric composition, content of soluble salts in soils and sediments of the vadoze zone up to the depth of 3.5 m, dynamics of salts in the layer of 0-50 cm for 2011-2019 are presented. Until the autumn of 2015, the studied soils were deep saline, being no saline in the layer of 0-100 cm. In recent years, a weak salinity degree of soda-chloride sodium chemistry has been observed in the 0-50 cm layer as a result of gradual accumulation of irrigation water salts during irrigation organized according to water consumption of agricultural crops. Irrigated soils have acquired a complex of signs of secondary salinity: (1) the presence of light accumulations of sandy and silt mineral grains in the arable horizon, resulting from the destructive effect of irrigation water drops during sprinkling; (2) toxic alkalinity associated with sodium (residual sodium carbonate), according to water extraction 1 : 5 (soil : water), in the horizons from the depth of 10-20 to 60100 cm; (3) abundant humus-clay cutans on the lateral side faces of prismatic structural units in the undisturbed part of the soil profile from 30 to 100 cm.","PeriodicalId":52755,"journal":{"name":"Biulleten'' Pochvennogo instituta im VV Dokuchaeva","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68253771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

New reading 新的阅读

Biulleten'' Pochvennogo instituta im VV Dokuchaeva Pub Date : 2020-09-28 DOI: 10.19047/0136-1694-2020-103-211-218

B. Aparin

引用次数: 0

Producing the digital soil fertility map of Karelia 制作卡累利阿的数字土壤肥力图

Biulleten'' Pochvennogo instituta im VV Dokuchaeva Pub Date : 2020-09-28 DOI: 10.19047/0136-1694-2020-103-34-50

S. G. Novikov

{"title":"Producing the digital soil fertility map of Karelia","authors":"S. G. Novikov","doi":"10.19047/0136-1694-2020-103-34-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2020-103-34-50","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advancements in soil digital mapping have opened new opportunities for handling the scientific and applied problems of ecological soil monitoring, inventory of land and soil resources, and are generally helpful in optimizing the management of natural resources. For Karelia the development of forest soil assessment techniques is essential, considering that 95% of the republic’s land is forest soils. This paper tells about the process of creating an updated digital map of forest soils fertility in Karelia, scale 1 : 500 000. To this end, the archival soil productivity map of the republic, produced in paper version by R.M. Morozova in 2000, was scanned and converted into a vector layer with the use of the MapInfo Professional 8.5 software package. The resultant layer was aligned with the existing digitalized soil map of Karelia, which served as the basis for constructing the thematic layer according to the data on the fertility of each soil type. As a result of this study, the soil fertility assessment scale was specified and the percentage ratio of soils of different productivity in Karelia was calculated. The digital soil fertility map is an important information source of archival and modern data, and also is a part of the GIS for soils of Karelia.","PeriodicalId":52755,"journal":{"name":"Biulleten'' Pochvennogo instituta im VV Dokuchaeva","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68253718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Elemental composition of soils of the Pur-Taz interfluve Pur-Taz断裂带土壤元素组成

Biulleten'' Pochvennogo instituta im VV Dokuchaeva Pub Date : 2020-09-28 DOI: 10.19047/0136-1694-2020-103-51-84

D. Moskovchenko, Elizaveta A. Romanenko

{"title":"Elemental composition of soils of the Pur-Taz interfluve","authors":"D. Moskovchenko, Elizaveta A. Romanenko","doi":"10.19047/0136-1694-2020-103-51-84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2020-103-51-84","url":null,"abstract":"In order to evaluate the chemical composition of natural background environments of Pur-Taz interfluve (Western Siberia), the mineral components of soils, peats, lichens, and sphagnum mosses have been analyzed. The samples were tested using X-ray fluorescence technology. The average contents of hazardous metals in the soils of the Pur-Taz interfluve are either lower (for Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Sr) or equal to (for Hg, Co) the average values of these elements in the Earth's crust. This finding corresponds to the commonly held view that the contents of elements in the soils located in the north of Western Siberia are lower than the world averages. Additionally, in our samples low concentrations of copper and zinc have been observed. Since these microelements are important for soil physiology, this finding indicates unfavorable biochemical conditions in the research area. On the other hand, high concentrations are observed for inactive elements such as Mo, Sn and Zr. The significant differences have been identified in the composition of mineral and organic soil horizons. For instance, the average concentrations of P, Zn and S in organic horizons are 7.1, 8.1 and 18 times greater than in the illuvial mineral horizons, respectively. The intense accumulation of Zn, Cu, Cd, Hg has been recorded, all of them are chalcophiles in the ombrotrophic peat. This means that the chemical composition of soil is largely determined by biological accumulation of chalcophile elements. The content of lithophilic Al, Si, Ti and Zr, coming with dust precipitation from the atmosphere increases in the peat of dwarf shrub-moss-lichen tundras and larch woodlands. The revealed values of the elemental composition of soils can be recommended as background in the course of the environmental monitoring.","PeriodicalId":52755,"journal":{"name":"Biulleten'' Pochvennogo instituta im VV Dokuchaeva","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68253966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Development of the basic soil classification of Vladimir Fridland in the classification of soils of Russia 2004/2008 2004/2008年俄罗斯土壤分类中Vladimir Fridland基本土壤分类的发展

Biulleten'' Pochvennogo instituta im VV Dokuchaeva Pub Date : 2020-07-11 DOI: 10.19047/0136-1694-2020-102-5-20

M. Gerasimova, N. Khitrov, I. Lebedeva

引用次数: 4

Mineralogical comparative analysis of the clay fraction of solonetz and chestnut soil without apparent microrelief in the north-western part of the Caspian lowland 里海低地西北部无明显微起伏的solonetz和栗子土粘土组分的矿物学对比分析

Biulleten'' Pochvennogo instituta im VV Dokuchaeva Pub Date : 2020-03-27 DOI: 10.19047/0136-1694-2020-101-159-181

N. Churilin, M. Lebedeva, E. Varlamov

引用次数: 0

Arctic and tundra soils on the new digital soil map of Russia, 1 : 2.5 M scale 俄罗斯新数字土壤地图上的北极和苔原土壤，比例尺1:2.5米

Biulleten'' Pochvennogo instituta im VV Dokuchaeva Pub Date : 2020-03-27 DOI: 10.19047/0136-1694-2020-101-46-75

T. Ananko, M. Gerasimova, D. Konyushkov

{"title":"Arctic and tundra soils on the new digital soil map of Russia, 1 : 2.5 M scale","authors":"T. Ananko, M. Gerasimova, D. Konyushkov","doi":"10.19047/0136-1694-2020-101-46-75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2020-101-46-75","url":null,"abstract":"V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute has initiated a project on compilation of a new Digital Soil Map of Russia on the basis of the Soil Map of the Russian Federation (SMRF) 1 : 2.5 M scale (1988) revised and interpreted in ideology and nomenclature of the new substantive-genetic Classification System of Russian Soils (CSRS). The first stage implies the conversion of soil mapping units on the original map into the CSRS with a corresponding renaming of soils in the attribute database to the digitized version of the map for each soil polygon. During the second stage, a new digital model of the soil cover is developed with the use of digital soil mapping technologies, basic soil map, and new materials, including satellite images and digital elevation models. The legend section “Tundra Soils” contains 16 soil units forming their own areas or found in various combinations (soil complexes). As a result of the reclassification and careful analysis of each soil polygon, the soils of Arctic and Subarctic tundra have obtained a more detailed and differential representation on the new map, and Бюллетень Почвенного института им. В.В. Докучаева. 2020. Вып. 101. Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin, 2020, 101 48 their diagnostics based on the morphology of the profiles and major soil properties have been specified. The most significant changes in the initial content of the map concern the soils referred to as gley soils on the SMRF. A separate group of cryozemic soils has been specified. Weakly developed soils (petrozems, psammozems, and pelozems) and lithozems have been introduced on the map for the first time. Differential decisions are suggested for the soils of “spotty tundra” with sorted and nonsorted circles and for the soils of cryogenic fissures and cracks. The results of the study have made it possible to refine the diagnostics and nomenclature of soils in the CSRS.","PeriodicalId":52755,"journal":{"name":"Biulleten'' Pochvennogo instituta im VV Dokuchaeva","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47104718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6