{"title":"DESAFÍOS Y OBSTÁCULOS EN LAS ENCUESTAS DE OPINIÓN CON LA POLICÍA","authors":"Viviane de Oliveira Cubas, F. C. Branco","doi":"10.14201/rlop.22359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14201/rlop.22359","url":null,"abstract":"Sao muitos os obstaculos e desafios para a conducao de pesquisas com as agencias policiais uma vez que sao instituicoes tradicionalmente fechadas ao publico externo. Esta nota relata o desenvolvimento e coleta dados em uma pesquisa sobre auto legitimidade com policiais na cidade de Sao Paulo. Apresenta as etapas de construcao da ferramenta de coleta, o processo de organizacao do trabalho de campo e definicao da amostra, e a aplicacao de uma survey, em 2016, junto a policiais civis e militares.","PeriodicalId":52748,"journal":{"name":"Revista Latinoamericana de Opinion Publica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43087815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introducción Número Especial: OUTLIERS OF PRESIDENTIAL APPROVAL: DYNAMICS, LEVELS, AND RATES","authors":"Ryan E. Carlin, Cecilia Martínez-Gallardo","doi":"10.14201/rlop.22352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14201/rlop.22352","url":null,"abstract":"Presidential approval tends to exhibit the dynamics of honeymoon, decline, and a rebound as elections near. But several presidential administrations and, indeed, some countries themselves, do not conform to this pattern. This introduction to the special issue identifies and classifies outliers to the typical dynamics of approval using a 12-category taxonomy and data on 140 presidential administrations in 18 Latin American countries from the Executive Approval Project 1.0. Contributors to this special issue use this taxonomy to select outlier cases to explain in their respective articles. This combination of cross-national and case-study approaches suggest a more general theory of presidential approval can be constructed by systematically testing new hypotheses generated in this special issue concerning the role of governing style, political communication, security, policy choice, and institutional context. 1 The authors are grateful to Mariano Torcal and the editorial board of RLOP for their encouragement and support of this special issue. We thank Peter Enns, Gregg Johnson, Aníbal Pérez-Liñán, Sarah Shair-Rosenfield, James Stimson, Christopher Wlezien, Elizabeth Zechmeister, and the other core members of the Executive Approval Project (Jonathan Hartlyn, Timothy Hellwig, Gregory Love, and Matthew Singer) for their feedback on previous drafts of this manuscript and on the structure of the special issue. Additionally, we thank all Executive Approval Project Country Team Leaders and all others who contributed the data that make these analyses possible. Finally, we greatly appreciate the work of two anonymous reviewers who provided excellent comments on all articles in this special issue. 2 Professor, Department of Political Science and Director of the Center for Human Rights and Democracy, Georgia State University; Core Member, Executive Approval Project; rcarlin@gsu.edu. 3 Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Core Member, Executive Approval Project; cmg@unc.edu. 8 REVISTA LATINOAMERICANA DE OPINIÓN PÚBLICA / NÚMERO 9","PeriodicalId":52748,"journal":{"name":"Revista Latinoamericana de Opinion Publica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42445805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"APROBACIÓN PRESIDENCIAL EN CHILE, 1990-2018: VARIANZA EN CURVAS EN FORMA DE U","authors":"J. M. Cabezas, P. Navia","doi":"10.14201/rlop.22354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14201/rlop.22354","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52748,"journal":{"name":"Revista Latinoamericana de Opinion Publica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47275382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"PERSONALIDAD Y UN ENEMIGO INTERNO: ENTENDIENDO LA POPULARIDAD DE ÁLVARO URIBE, 2002-2010","authors":"M. García-Sánchez, Juan Carlos Rodríguez-Raga","doi":"10.14201/rlop.22355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14201/rlop.22355","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52748,"journal":{"name":"Revista Latinoamericana de Opinion Publica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42447842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"UNA APROXIMACIÓN AL ESTADO DE LOS ESTUDIOS DE CASO SOBRE REPRESENTACIÓN POLÍTICA EN AMÉRICA LATINA","authors":"Ronald Sáenz Leandro","doi":"10.14201/rlop.22358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14201/rlop.22358","url":null,"abstract":"The present article intends to establish a mapping of the case studies published up to now that work with political representation in Latin America understood as the variation of perceptions between political elites and citizens. The works are contrasted to locate trends and discussions. Among other things, it is concluded that case studies are constantly in dialogue with comparative investigations, although their conclusions and analytical frameworks do not coincide completely. In addition, there is a vacuum of research on Central America, the Caribbean or Mexico. Finally, the 1 El autor agradece a Lucía Selios (UdelaR, Uruguay), por las lecturas y observaciones previas al borrador de este artículo. 2 Investigador de Flacso-Sede académica Costa Rica. Miembro del ECPR Standing Group on Latin American Politics; rsaenz@usal.es.ORCID: 0000-00018717-1870. 200 REVISTA LATINOAMERICANA DE OPINIÓN PÚBLICA / NÚMERO 9 prominence and level of publication of certain authors suggest the possible structuring of a field of recent study for the Ibero-American region.","PeriodicalId":52748,"journal":{"name":"Revista Latinoamericana de Opinion Publica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44054199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"LOS IMPACTOS DE LOS EFECTOS DEL PRIMING EN LA POPULARIDAD PRESIDENCIAL: EL CASO DEL SEGUNDO MANDATO DE LULA","authors":"Pedro Santos Mundim","doi":"10.14201/rlop.22353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14201/rlop.22353","url":null,"abstract":"Para Stimson (1971), a dinâmica de popularidade dos presidentes tem um padrao ciclico: altos indices de aprovacao ao inicio dos mandatos, seguido por uma perda de popularidade e uma leve recuperacao do apoio popular ao fim de quatro anos. Pressupoe-se, ainda, que presidentes sao mais populares no seu 1o mandato do que no 2o. No Brasil, o 2o mandato de Lula (2007-2010) foge a essas regras. Este artigo analisa por que isso aconteceu. Em 2005, Lula e seu partido, o PT, se envolveram em um grande escândalo de corrupcao, o “mensalao”, que gerou um efeito de priming que afetou seus indices de popularidade. Eleitoralmente, ele sobreviveu porque a economia funcionou como um escudo a seu favor. Mas o mensalao tambem reduziu as expectativas dos cidadaos em relacao ao que seria entregue no 2o mandato. Isso abriu caminho para uma maximizacao de impactos positivos nas politicas adotadas pelo governo do ex-presidente.","PeriodicalId":52748,"journal":{"name":"Revista Latinoamericana de Opinion Publica","volume":"58 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41316758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Noam Lupu. Party brands in Crisis: Partisanship, Brand Dilution, and the Breakdown of Political Parties in Latin America New York: Cambridge University Press, 2016. 247 páginas","authors":"Renata A. De Oliveira","doi":"10.14201/rlop.22360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14201/rlop.22360","url":null,"abstract":"Em muitos momentos pensa-se que temas mais corriqueiros das pesquisas na área da ciência política já chegaram à sua exaustão sem imaginar a possibilidade de uma nova forma de exploração ou análise, como o caso dos partidos políticos. A obra Party Brands in Crisis: Partisanship, Brand Dilution, and the Breakdown of Political Parties in Latin America (2016), de Noam Lupu, conseguiu romper esta sensação. O livro oferece a primeira explicação geral sobre a queda de grandes partidos consolidados em países da América Latina. Seu diferencial está no olhar mais atento para a relevância dos efeitos dos comportamentos das elites partidárias nas atitudes do público massivo. Ao longo dos últimos anos, em alguns países da América Latina, observou-se que certos partidos políticos historicamente estabelecidos em seus sistemas eleitorais entraram em colapso, ou seja, de um modo geral, eram partidos consolidados e extremamente competitivos nas eleições nacionais durante um grande período de tempo, entretanto, tornaram-se inexpressivos de uma eleição para outra e não conseguiram se reerguer nas seguintes. Para este fenômeno o autor dá o nome de party breakdown (colapso partidário) e a pergunta que permeia sua escrita é entender como ocorre e quais são determinantes, em especial, porque certos partidos colapsam e outros não. Assim, o breakdown","PeriodicalId":52748,"journal":{"name":"Revista Latinoamericana de Opinion Publica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41759775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"APROBACIÓN PRESIDENCIAL Y CLARIDAD DE LA RESPONSABILIDAD EN UN CONTEXTO DE CAMBIO POLÍTICO E INSTITUCIONAL: EL CASO URUGUAYO","authors":"Lucía Selios","doi":"10.14201/rlop.22357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14201/rlop.22357","url":null,"abstract":"How do Uruguayans valuate their presidents? Do they evaluate them according to the cycle model of approval observed in presidential systems with fixed terms? The cyclical model of approval begins with a ̈honeymoon ̈ of high approval which then decreases only to improve towards the end of the presidential term. In Uruguay, the results show that this pattern indeed holds for the last four presidential terms, but not for the previous three (from 1985 to 1999). These terms do not indeed register honeymoons and approval is low and unpredictable. What explains these changes in the dynamics of presidential approval? This paper argues that it is due to institutional changes introduced in the 1997’s Constitution and new party system equilibrium. Using measures derived from the Executive Approval Project, it tests some of the empirical implications of this argument. This cross-temporal analysis suggests that, under the new institutional contexts, support for the president increases, bolstering “clarity of responsibility” and allowing citizens to evaluate their presidents based on results of political performance and electoral cycle. For this reason, the pattern of approval turns cyclical. In sum, by analyzing the Uruguayan case, this paper tries to provide evidence as to the importance of institutional design in citizens ́ approval of the president’s performance.","PeriodicalId":52748,"journal":{"name":"Revista Latinoamericana de Opinion Publica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45993390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"APROBACIÓN PRESIDENCIAL EN COSTA RICA: EXPLICANDO PATRONES TÍPICOS E INUSUALES","authors":"A. Pignataro, María José Cascante","doi":"10.14201/rlop.22356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14201/rlop.22356","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52748,"journal":{"name":"Revista Latinoamericana de Opinion Publica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66732860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"LAS INSTITUCIONES LOCALES DE DEMOCRACIA PARTICIPATIVA EN CÓRDOBA: UN ANÁLISIS DEL PERFIL DE SUS PARTICIPANTES","authors":"P. M. Sorribas","doi":"10.14201/rlop.22335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14201/rlop.22335","url":null,"abstract":"La afectación de la esfera gubernamental sobre casi todos los aspectos de la vida social es un hecho reconocido. Sin embargo, no implica cercanía ni congruencia entre ciudadanos y Estado. Este vínculo, que ha sido la base de la asociación entre Estado y democracia (Held, 1993) y que supone la existencia de una relación de simetría o congruencia entre los gobernantes y los destinarios de sus decisiones, ha sido puesta en duda por Lander (1998) al extenderla a la realidad de los Estados periféricos como los de la región. Esta duda cobra más sentido aún en relación a las innovaciones institucionales orientadas a propiciar la participación. Precisamente la justificación de la promoción de la participación ciudadana desde el Estado parte, en muchos casos, del propósito de acercar el Estado a los ciudadanos. Esta argumentación debe enmarcarse en una contextualización que ubica la distancia entre Estado y ciudadanos como parte del proceso histórico reciente en Argentina y en la región. Dicho proceso es demarcado por un orden neoliberal que supuso una reestructuración global del Estado en décadas pasadas, la subordinación de la política a la economía y una práctica política decisionista con su con-","PeriodicalId":52748,"journal":{"name":"Revista Latinoamericana de Opinion Publica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48831134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}