Forum Arkeologi最新文献

{"title":"RANGKA MANUSIA DARI BENDAHARA: SUDUT PANDANG PALEOPATOLOGI","authors":"Ashwin Prayudi, R. A. Suriyanto","doi":"10.24832/fa.v34i2.713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24832/fa.v34i2.713","url":null,"abstract":"This study discusses human remains from the Bendahara, Tamiang, which is located in Aceh. There is no information regarding the exact location and the date of this site. It can be ascertained that this skeleton originated from prehistoric periods based on the dental modifications evidences. This aims of this study is to identify the human remains from the Bendahara, Tamiang, Aceh by looking at sex, age at death, disease and the influences of cultural and environmental which recorded on the skeletons. This study used macroscopic and paleopathological analysis methods. The results of this study are this individual was female based on her skull. Her age at death between 20-30 years old. The abnormalities that these individuals have are only presents in their teeth, such as dental calculus, dental modification, and unbalanced attrition. This condition indicates that this individual predominantly chewing using one of the lateral sides of the mouth. If we connected her young age at death with the attrition, it is possible that this individual uses the right side of his teeth as a tool. Penelitian ini mendiskusikan sisa-sisa manusia dari Bendahara, Tamiang yang terletak di Aceh. Tidak terdapat keterangan mengenai lokasi pasti dan penanggalan dari situs ini. Rangka ini memiliki probabilitas yang tinggi berasal dari masa prasejarah berdasarkan bukti modifikasi pada gigi-giginya. Permasalahan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui identitas biologis rangka dari Bendahara Tamiang dan kehidupannya pada masa lampau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi individu sisa manusia dari Bendahara, Tamiang, Aceh dengan cara melihat jenis kelamin, umur ketika mati, penyakit, bukti kultural dan lingkungan yang terekam pada rangka tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis makroskopis dan paleopatologis. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah individu berjenis kelamin wanita, dengan umur ketika mati sekitar 20-30 tahun. Kelainan yang dimiliki individu ini terdapat pada organ giginya yaitu kalkulus gigi, modifikasi gigi, dan adanya atrisi yang tidak seimbang. Kondisi tersebut menunjukkan bahwa individu ini mengunyah dengan dominan pada salah satu sisi lateral organ mulutnya. Jika dikaitkan dengan umurnya yang tergolong muda, terdapat kemungkinan bahwa individu ini menggunakan sisi kanan giginya sebagai alat bantu dalam melakukan pekerjaan. ","PeriodicalId":52717,"journal":{"name":"Forum Arkeologi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45839519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PENGARUH KESENIAN PĀLA TERHADAP GAYA SENI ARCA CANDI MENDUT","authors":"Atina Winaya","doi":"10.24832/fa.v34i2.724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24832/fa.v34i2.724","url":null,"abstract":"Indian culture presents a massive influence in the Early Classic Period in Java. One of the traces found in arts. However, which part of Indian art influenced is rarely mentioned. Some scholars said it was Gupta Art’s influence enormously in the Early Classic Period. Is it just Gupta Art? or another else? This paper aims to add knowledge about another Indian art, namely Pāla Art, which also presents in the Early Classic Period. The style of Pāla Art affects the depiction of Candi Mendut’s sculptures. The data collection using observation techniques and description as well. The data analysis using a qualitative approach by descriptive analysis methods. And finally, the data interpretation using the results of comparative studies. The conclusion reveals the similarities between both data. However, Candi Mendut’s sculptures did not entirely absorb the foreign influences, but they show authentic attributes known as a character of classical Javanese Art. Kebudayaan India memberikan pengaruh yang besar terhadap periode Klasik Tua di Jawa. Jejak kebudayaan India, salah satunya nampak pada bentuk-bentuk kesenian. Meskipun demikian, selama ini jarang disebutkan secara terperinci kesenian India mana saja yang memengaruhi kesenian Jawa klasik. Beberapa ahli berpendapat bahwa kesenian Gupta yang memberikan pengaruh besar terhadap bentuk kesenian Jawa pada periode Klasik Tua. Namun, benarkah hanya kesenian Gupta semata? Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menambahkan pengetahuan mengenai gaya seni India lainnya, yakni kesenian Pāla, yang juga ditemui pada periode Klasik Tua. Pengaruh kesenian itu terlihat pada penggambaran arca-arca candi Mendut. Telaah dihasilkan melalui tahapan kerja yang bertingkat-tingkat, dimulai dari pengumpulan data dengan cara mengamati dan mendeskripsikan data; pengolahan data melalui pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif; serta penafsiran data berdasarkan hasil studi komparasi. Simpulannya memperlihatkan persamaan gaya seni yang membuktikan bahwa kesenian Pāla memberikan pengaruhnya terhadap gaya seni arca Candi Mendut. Meskipun demikian, pengaruh kesenian Pāla tidak serta merta diserap secara utuh, melainkan terdapat ciri khas yang ditemui pada arca Candi Mendut yang menjadikannya sebagai karakter kesenian Jawa klasik.","PeriodicalId":52717,"journal":{"name":"Forum Arkeologi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46755638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GAMBARAN ORGANISASI RUANG PADA RUMAH LAKSMANA MAEDA DI MENTENG, JAKARTA, BERDASARKAN HOUSEHOLD ARCHAEOLOGY","authors":"Muhamad Alnoza, Desfira Ramadhania Rousthesa, Garin Dwiyanto Pharmasetiawan","doi":"10.24832/fa.v34i2.689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24832/fa.v34i2.689","url":null,"abstract":"Maeda’s house is one of colonial houses with layout and furnitures that are still remained and maintained today. Through Maeda’s house, we could still study its inhabitants social values that are reflected from their remains. This study seeks to reconstruct the social values that existed at that time, through the spatial arrangement of Maeda’s house using household archaeology. The method used in analysing this problem consists of data collection, analysis and interpretation. Based on the studies that have been carried out, it can be seen that the spatial arrangement in Maeda’s house is related to the social class of its residents. Spatial planning in this case also includes accessibility, room size and facilities. This study also provides an overview of the hierarchical figure of Maeda in managing his house, as well as showing examples of the arrangement of luxury houses in Menteng during his time. Rumah Laksamana Maeda merupakan rumah yang kaya akan sejarah dalam perjalanan Indonesia menjadi negara. Salah satu kelebihan yang dimiliki oleh Rumah Laksamana Maeda adalah tata ruang dan perabotannya yang masih terjaga hingga sekarang. Rumah Laksamana Maeda dapat dikatakan masih mencerminkan nilai sosial yang ada pada masa itu. Kajian ini berusaha untuk merekonstruksi nilai sosial yang ada pada masa itu, melalui penataan ruang rumah Maeda dengan menggunakan paradigma arkeologi rumah. Metode yang digunakan dalam menjawab masalah ini terdiri dari pengumpulan data, analisis dan interpretasi. Berdasarkan kajian yang telah dilakukan, dapat diketahui bahwa penataan ruang di rumah Maeda berkaitan dengan kelas sosial para penghuninya. Penataan ruang dalam hal ini adalah juga termasuk aksesibiltas, ukuran ruang dan fasilitas. Kajian ini juga memberikan gambaran mengenai sosok Maeda yang bersifat hirarkis dalam menata rumahnya, sekaligus juga menunjukkan contoh pola penataan rumah mewah di Menteng pada masanya.","PeriodicalId":52717,"journal":{"name":"Forum Arkeologi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43065763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PLURALISME PADA MASA BALI KUNO ABAD IX-XIV BERDASARKAN REKAMAN ARKEOLOGI","authors":"I. W. Srijaya, K. Prawirajaya, R.","doi":"10.24832/fa.v34i2.695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24832/fa.v34i2.695","url":null,"abstract":"Pluralism is a diction that is used to express diversity, a reality that exists in this archipelago. It is an idea or view of life that recognizes and accepts the existence of pluralism or diversity in a community group. This plurality is represented by differences in terms of religions/beliefs, ethnicities, races, customs, languages, and cultures. Archaeological remains dating from the Hindu Buddhist era in Bali provide information on this diversity. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explain the diversity that is reflected in the archaeological records. The method used is observation, literature study, and qualitative analysis. Archaeological records dating from the IX to XIV century AD in Bali, both in the artifactual and textual indicate that Balinese people can live in harmony amidst differences. Different beliefs do not cause social tensions in society. Based on the existing archaeological records, Balinese people have shown diversity since the IX century AD. This diversity was maintained and nurtured by the rulers at that time so that tolerance was built between people of different religions/beliefs. Pluralisme merupakan diksi yang digunakan untuk menyatakan keberagaman, sebuah realita yang ada di bumi Nusantara ini. Pluralisme adalah suatu paham atau pandangan hidup yang mengakui dan menerima adanya kemajemukan atau keanekaragaman dalam suatu kelompok masyarakat. Kemajemukan tersebut direpresentasikan oleh adanya perbedaan dari sisi agama/ kepercayaan, suku, ras, adat istiadat, bahasa, dan budaya. Tinggalan arkeologi yang berasal dari masa Hindu Buddha di Bali memberikan informasi keberagaman tersebut. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan kemajemukan yang yang tercermin pada rekaman tinggalan arkeologi tersebut. Metode yang digunakan adalah observasi, studi pustaka, serta analisis kualitatif. Rekaman arkeologi yang berasal dari abad IX-XIV di Bali, baik yang berupa artefaktual dan tekstual mengindikasikan bahwa masyarakat Bali dapat hidup secara harmonis di tengah-tengah perbedaan. Perbedaan keyakinan yang dianut tidak menimbulkan ketegangan sosial di masyarakat. Berdasarkan rekaman arkeologi yang ada, masyarakat Bali telah menunjukkan kemajemukan sejak abad IX. Keberagaman ini terus dipelihara dan dipupuk oleh para penguasa ketika itu sehingga terbangun toleransi di antara masyarakat yang berlainan agama/kepercayaannya.","PeriodicalId":52717,"journal":{"name":"Forum Arkeologi","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41447613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PEMULIAAN DEWI SRI DALAM AKTIVITAS DOMESTIKASI PADI DI BALI","authors":"I. W. Sugita, I. Suteja, I. N. Rema","doi":"10.24832/fa.v34i2.704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24832/fa.v34i2.704","url":null,"abstract":"The Balinese agricultural culture has existed since prehistoric times, with the advent of agriculture, especially rice domestication, as an important cultivation to date, gave rise to the myth of Dewi Sri. This study aims to studying the breeding of Dewi Sri in rice domestication activities in Bali, whose data sources were collected through field observations by observing archaeological remains in the form of worship media, lontar manuscripts and inscriptions. Besides being complemented by literature studies of various relevant journals, book and reports. This research has succeeded in revealing that the breeding of Dewi Sri in Bali is very unique, it can be seen from her mention of her local name, the worship media and its symbols are also influenced by Balinese local wisdom. Breeding is also carried out with prayers and ceremonies that are balanced with maintaining and caring for rice and rice field in order to achieve maximum results. Budaya agraris masyarakat Bali telah ada sejak masa prasejarah, dengan munculnya pertanian domestikasi padi sebagai budidaya penting hingga saat ini, memunculkan mitos Dewi Sri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pemuliaan Dewi Sri dalam aktivitas domestikasi padi di Bali, yang sumber datanya dikumpulkan melalui observasi di lapangan dengan mengamati tinggalan arkeologi berupa media pemujaan, manuskrip lontar dan prasasti. Selain itu dilengkapi dengan studi pustaka terhadap berbagai jurnal, buku dan laporan yang relevan. Penelitian ini berhasil mengungkap bahwa pemuliaan Dewi Sri di Bali sangat unik dapat dilihat dari penyebutan Dewi Sri dengan nama lokal, media pemujaan dan simbol-simbolnya juga dipengaruhi oleh kearifan lokal Bali. Pemuliaan juga dilakukan dengan doa dan upacara, diseimbangkan dengan memelihara dan merawat padi dan lahan persawahan, agar dapat mencapai hasil yang maksimal. ","PeriodicalId":52717,"journal":{"name":"Forum Arkeologi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42607919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"JEJAK KATA BILANGAN DALAM PRASASTI BERBAHASA BALI KUNO: HUBUNGAN KEKERABATANNYA DALAM RUMPUN BAHASA MELAYU POLINESIA","authors":"I. K. Paramarta, Ida Bagus Putrayasa, I.B.Putra Manik Aryana","doi":"10.24832/fa.v32i2.564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24832/fa.v32i2.564","url":null,"abstract":"The aims of this study is to describe a variety of old Balinese language numeral recorded in the footsteps of old Balinese inscriptions and expressing their kinship relationships in the level of Proto-Malayo Polynesian. This study used a qualitative-explorative-descriptive research design. Numeral in the copy of the old Balinese inscriptions and comparative number words in the Polynesian Proto-Austronesian and Proto-Malayo clumps were collected by documentation. Data analysis was done by describing each expression of the value of numbers into the morpheme. The trace of the old Balinese language numeral found in the remains of the old Balinese inscriptions were intact decimal number words, lexical innovation number words that related to cultural meanings, and high number words. Old Balinese language kept verbal traces in the form of number words as expressions of counting culture which were proven to have genetic relationship with languages in the Malayo Polynesian family. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan beragam kata bilangan bahasa Bali Kuno yang terekam dalam jejak prasasti berbahasa Bali Kuno dan mengungkapkan hubungan kekerabatanya dalam jenjang kekerabatan Proto-Malayo Polynesian. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian kualitatif ekploratif deskriptif. Kata bilangan dalam salinan prasasti berbahasa Bali Kuno dan kata bilangan pembanding dalam rumpun Proto-Austronesia dan Proto-Malayo Polinesian dikumpulkan dengan cara dokumentasi.Analisis data dilakukan dengan menguraikan setiap ekspresi nilai bilangan ke dalam morfem. Makna morfem, jika diketahui, dapat disimpulkan secara terpisah atau disimpulkan berdasarkan persamaan matematika sebagai bagian dari ekspresi nilai bilangan. Jejak kata bilangan bahasa Bali Kuno yang ditemukan dalam tinggalan prasasti berbahasa Bali Kuno adalah kata bilangan desimal utuh, kata bilangan inovasi leksikal yang tidak memiliki konsekuensi struktur tetapi memiliki keterkaitan dengan makna-makna budaya, dan kata bilangan tinggi.Bahasa Bali Kuno menyimpan jejak verbal dalam bentuk kata bilangan sebagai ekspresi budaya menghitung yang terbukti memiliki relasi kekerabatan dengan bahasa-bahasa dalam rumpun Melayu Polinesia.","PeriodicalId":52717,"journal":{"name":"Forum Arkeologi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43146282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EKSISTENSI STENASELLUS SP. PADA GUA HUNIAN PRASEJARAH DI KAWASAN KARS BUKIT BULAN, SAROLANGUN, JAMBI","authors":"Dhanang Puspita, A. S. Wibowo, M. R. Fauzi","doi":"10.24832/fa.v32i2.563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24832/fa.v32i2.563","url":null,"abstract":"So far, there is no previous report on the existence of Stenasellidae in a prehistoric cave-site in Indonesia. For the very first time, information about the existence of this ancient shrimp in a prehistoric habitation-site yielded from multidisciplinary research at Mesiu Cave. Their existence is delightful to discuss because they are extremely vulnerable and only lives in a specific environment (i.e. stygobit). This article unravels the reason behind the survival of Stenasellidae at Mesiu Cave over a descriptive – explanatory approach. Our observation on the specimen shows its similarity to the typical characteristics of Stenasellus genera. Furthermore, description of their existing habitat shows a characteristic which is fundamentally contradicting to the regular location of prehistoric human activity in a cave site. More likely, this distinctive spatial use of the cave has enabled Stenasellus sp. to survive until the present day. Moreover, the discovery of this unique cavernicole also enhances the outstanding value of Mesiu Cave as a cultural heritage site. Hingga saat ini, belum ada laporan mengenai penemuan Stenasellidae (Crustacea, Malacostraca, Isopoda) pada situs gua hunian prasejarah di Indonesia. Untuk pertama kalinya, informasi mengenai keberadaan udang purba tersebut pada situs gua hunian diperoleh dari penelitian multidisipliner di situs Gua Mesiu. Bertahannya eksistensi organisme ini di situs hunian prasejarah menarik untuk diulas lebih lanjut sebab hewan ini dikenal rentan dan hanya hidup pada lingkungan yang spesifik (i.e. stygobit). Artikel ini mengungkap alasan yang melatarbelakangi bertahannya eksistensi Stenasellidae di situs Gua Mesiu melalui pendekatan deskriptif–eksplanatif. Observasi kami pada fisiologi spesimen Stenasellidae tersebut menunjukkan karakteristik anatomi dari marga Stenasellus. Sedangkan deskripsi habitat Stenasellus sp. menunjukkan karakteristik lingkungan yang bertolak-belakang dengan lokasi aktivitas hunian manusia di gua-gua prasejarah pada umumnya. Perbedaan tersebut sangat mungkin menjadi salah satu faktor penyebab bertahannya eksistensi Stenasellus sp. di Gua Mesiu. Laporan mengenai penemuan fauna gua ini juga turut menambah nilai penting dan keunikan tersendiri Gua Mesiu sebagai situs cagar budaya.","PeriodicalId":52717,"journal":{"name":"Forum Arkeologi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47294355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PERILAKU KONSUMSI KERANG OLEH MASYARAKAT PESISIR DESA HALERMAN, ALOR BARAT DAYA, NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR","authors":"Yuni Suniarti, Nfn. Mahirta, Sue O'Connor, Widya Nayati","doi":"10.24832/fa.v32i2.556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24832/fa.v32i2.556","url":null,"abstract":"Exploitation of aquatic resources has been carried out since the time of hunting and gathering food. Aquatic resources are generally exploited by communities or people living in coastal areas. One area that still exploits aquatic resources is Halerman Village, Alor Barat Daya Regency. People who live on the coast use marine resources as food, one of which is shellfish. The most shellfish that widely exploited is Haliotidae. Research question brought in this article is how shellfish consumption behavior of people in Halerman Village is. The purpose of this research is to record shellfish consumption behavior of people in Halerman Village. The research method used was in the form of observation and interviews regarding all stages of shellfish exploitation conducted by Alor coastal communities in Halerman Village. The use of shellfish is closely related to the consumption behaviors of the community which consists of the search for shellfish carried out during periods of low tide when the intertidal area is exposed. When collecting the shellfish, people use various equipment such as iron, wood, stone, baskets and buckets. The method of processing is done by gouging, burning, boiling, cooking with spices and breaking the shell using stones or other hard tools. Shellfish processing in archaeological assemblages can be demonstrated by the presence of breakage and/or burning patterns on the shell remains. These experimental and ethno-archaeological observations can be used as a reference for understanding the behaviour that resulted in the formation of shells in archaeological deposits. Pemanfaatan sumber daya akuatik telah dilakukan sejak masa berburu dan mengumpulkan makanan. Sumber daya akuatik pada umumnya dieksploitasi oleh komunitas atau masyarakat yang tinggal di wilayah pesisir. Salah satu daerah yang masih melakukan eksploitasi sumber daya akuatik yaitu Desa Halerman, Kabupaten Alor Barat Daya. Masyarakat yang bertempat tinggal di pesisir memanfaatkan sumber daya laut sebagai bahan pangan, salah satunya kerangkerangan. Salah satu jenis kerang yang banyak dieksploitasi yaitu Haliotidae. Rumusan masalah penelitian yaitu bagaimana perilaku konsumsi kerang masyarakat Desa Halerman. Tujuan Penelitian untuk mendokumentasikan perilaku konsumsi kerang masyarakat Desa Halerman. Metode penelitian yang digunakan berupa observasi partisipasi dan wawancara yang dilakukan kepada masyarakat pesisir Alor di Desa Halerman. Pemanfaatan kerang erat kaitannya dengan perilaku konsumsi masyarakat yang terdiri dari waktu pencarian kerang, cara pemilihan dan proses pengambilan, alat yang digunakan serta cara pengolahan kerang. Waktu pencarian kerang dilakukan meting surut (air laut surut) pada saat area intertidal terbuka. Jenis kerang yang dikonsumsi pada umumnya jenis kerang yang hidup di area low dan middle intertidal, akan tetapi salah satu jenis yang paling banyak dicari merupakan jenis kerang abalone (Haliotidae), alat yang digunakan untuk mencari kerang berupa b","PeriodicalId":52717,"journal":{"name":"Forum Arkeologi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42141429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANALISIS KONTRASTIF KONSTRUKSI PASIF BAHASA JAWA KUNA DAN BAHASA JAWA (STUDI KASUS PRASASTI HARIÑJIŊ)","authors":"Churmatin Nasoichah, nfn Mulyadi","doi":"10.24832/fa.v32i2.566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24832/fa.v32i2.566","url":null,"abstract":"Passive sentence is a sentence subject to accept or subject to action. There are two languages which also have passive sentences, namely Javanese and Old Javanese. Before the Javanese language developed, it was known as Old Javanese. Old Javanese as one of the derivatives of Austronesian languages is a language that has very old literature. By studying the Hariñjiŋ A, B, C Inscriptions as one of the proofs of the use of Old Javanese language, the research was carried out with contrastive analysis, namely comparing it with Javanese. The problem is how do passive constructs in Old Javanese language (the case study of Hariñjiŋ A, B, CInscriptions) and Javanese when viewed using contrastive analysis? The purpose is to describe passive construction in Old Javanese (a case study on the Hariñjiŋ A, B, C Inscriptions) and Javanese inscriptions and compare the two sentence patterns. The method of this research is descriptive qualitative by using a descriptive comparative contrast method which aims to provide an overview of passive sentences and find differences. The conclusions are that the construction of passive sentences in Old Javanese (in the writing of the Hariñjiŋ A, B and C Inscriptions) has a transitive passive and intransitive passive form which is the same as Javanese. The passive form is indicated by a kiks prefix, a combination of affix-in, a combination of affixes, a combination of ma-affixes, and infix -in-. Whereas the Javanese language is only known to be a prefix, di- -ni, and di-confix, or to be deunned. It can be concluded also that passive sentence Javanese is not derived from Old Javanese but rather has an influence from Malay which is the forerunner of Indonesian. Kalimat Pasif merupakan sebuah kalimat subjek menerima atau dikenai aksi. Terdapat dua bahasa yang juga memiliki bentuk kalimat pasif, yaitu bahasa Jawa dan bahasa Jawa Kuna. Sebelum bahasa Jawa berkembang, telah dikenal adanya bahasa Jawa Kuna. Bahasa Jawa Kuna sebagai salah satu turunan dari bahasa Austronesia adalah bahasa yang mempunyai kesusastraan yang sangat tua. Dengan mengkaji Prasasti Hariñjiŋ A, B, C sebagai salah satu bukti adanya penggunaan bahasa Jawa Kuna, penelitian dilakukan dengan analisis kontrastif yaitu membandingkannya dengan bahasa Jawa. Adapun permasalahannya adalah bagaimanakah konstruksi pasif pada bahasa Jawa Kuna (studi kasus Prasasti Hariñjiŋ A, B, C) dan bahasa Jawa apabila dilihat dengan menggunakan analisis kontrastif? Adapun tujuannya untuk mendeskripsikan konstruksi pasif dalam bahasa Jawa Kuna (studi kasus pada Prasasti Hariñjiŋ A, B, C) dan bahasa Jawa serta membandingkan kedua pola kalimat tersebut. Metode penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif komparatif kontras yang bertujuan memberikan gambaran tentang bentuk kalimat pasif serta menemukan perbedaannya. Adapun kesimpulannya adalah konstruksi kalimat pasif dalam bahasa Jawa Kuna (dalam penulisan Prasasti Hariñjiŋ A, B, dan C) memiliki bentuk ","PeriodicalId":52717,"journal":{"name":"Forum Arkeologi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47514893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EKSISTENSI KAMPUNG ADAT DI SUMBA TENGAH","authors":"Nyoman Arisanti","doi":"10.24832/fa.v32i2.553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24832/fa.v32i2.553","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to see how traditional villages become a marker of the cultural identity of the people of Central Sumba, and also to determine the ideology that exists within traditional villages, and other factors that also lies behind that. The theory used to examine this research problem are semiotic theory, ideological theory, and theory practices. Data collection techniques were carried out by interviews, observations, documentation, and surveys. Data analysis techniques used contextual analysis and comparative analysis. The cultural identity of the peoples of Central Sumba are characterized by traditional houses, rituals of marapu, and megalithic traditions. The existence of traditional villages in Central Sumba is motivated by the ideology of marapu. Besides that, the Regional Government of Central Sumba Regency also gives efforts to preserve traditional villages. The way the indigenous community overcomes resistance and adaptation are the main points in maintaining the existence of traditional villages. Tradisi megalitik di Sumba tidak terlepas dari komunitas adat yang melangsungkan tradisi marapu. Komunitas adat di Sumba Tengah hidup dalam suatu kawasan yang disebut kampung adat. Perkembangan globalisasi telah menyebabkan agama-agama modern masuk ke dalam tatanan masyarakat Sumba. Meskipun demikian, komunitas adat tetap eksis ditengah pergulatan modernitas yang cenderung mengikis kebudayan-kebudayaan lokal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana kampung adat menjadi penanda identitas budaya masyarakat Sumba. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui ideologi dibalik tetap eksisnya kampung adat dan faktor-faktor lain yang melatar belakangi eksistensi kampung adat di Sumba Tengah. Teori yang digunakan untuk mengkaji masalah penelitian ini adalah teori semiotika, teori ideologi, dan teori praktik yang digunakan secara eklektik. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi, dan survei untuk membandingkan tradisi dan tinggalan budaya antar kampung adat. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan analisis kontekstual dan analisis komparatif. Identitas budaya masyarakat Sumba Tengah ditandai dengan rumah adat, ritual marapu, dan tradisi megalitik. Eksistensi kampung adat di Sumba Tengah didukung oleh ideologi marapu. Selain itu, perkembangan industri pariwisata Sumba Tengah telah menjadikan kampung adat sebagai objek wisata handalan, yang berperan dalam menjaga eksistensi komunitas di kampung adat. Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Sumba Tengah, juga turut berperan dalam upaya pelestarian kampung adat dengan melakukan langkah-langkah pelestarian budaya. Cara komunitas adat mengatasi resistensi dan adaptasi terhadap perkembangan agama-agama modern menjadi kunci utama dalam menjaga eksistensi kampung adat di Sumba Tengah.","PeriodicalId":52717,"journal":{"name":"Forum Arkeologi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42177624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}