Silva Balcanica最新文献_第5页

Work productivity assessment of small forwarders in forest operations: An international review 森林经营中小型货运公司的工作生产率评估：一项国际审查

Silva Balcanica Pub Date : 2022-12-20 DOI: 10.3897/silvabalcanica.23.e91143

M. Ghaffariyan

{"title":"Work productivity assessment of small forwarders in forest operations: An international review","authors":"M. Ghaffariyan","doi":"10.3897/silvabalcanica.23.e91143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/silvabalcanica.23.e91143","url":null,"abstract":"There are two types of forwarders available in the practice including conventional forestry forwarders and farm tractors equipped with a trailer/grapple loader that operate as a forwarder. Forwarders loading capacity can vary depending on the machine size. This paper aimed to review the work productivity of small size forwarders (payload< 10 tonnes and engine power< 120 HP) to create an overview of their performance for small scale operations within the small-scale forestry/ plantations management or agroforestry systems. According to the review, small forwarders were mainly used for harvesting small trees over gentle slopes. Main machine types include light tractor-trailer and purpose-built forwarders. The reported productivity by international scholars ranged from 3.4 to 19.2 m3/PMH0. Main variables impacting the productivity of small forwarders included forwarding distance, load volume, piece volume, number of logs per turn, season, operator skills and harvesting intensity. This report has summarised recommendations from literatures on proper application of small forwarders to improve harvesting efficiency which can be of use to the forest industrial and academic users for practical and research purposes.","PeriodicalId":52662,"journal":{"name":"Silva Balcanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49368692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

European brown hare (Lepus europaeus Pall.) testes weights from different seasons and ages from Bulgaria 保加利亚不同季节和年龄的欧洲褐兔(Lepus europaeus Pall.)

Silva Balcanica Pub Date : 2022-12-20 DOI: 10.3897/silvabalcanica.22.e96432

C. Zhelev, N. Ninov

{"title":"European brown hare (Lepus europaeus Pall.) testes weights from different seasons and ages from Bulgaria","authors":"C. Zhelev, N. Ninov","doi":"10.3897/silvabalcanica.22.e96432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/silvabalcanica.22.e96432","url":null,"abstract":"Testis weights on 315 European brown hare from different ages were measured during the whole year around in Bulgaria and testicular activity was studied. From the results, we determinate, that the active reproductive season finish at end of August and beginning of September, whereupon follow period of calm when the testis weights were lowest. In September, October, and the beginning of November, the weights of the testes were low. The first indications for starting of the new reproductive season were shown in November, gradually with growth of the testis weights. In January the testis weights reached high levels, as the highest weights were measured in May-June and with a bit lower values in July and August. After this follow low weights, when the calm period started in September and the testis growth is reactive in December. All adult males (above 1 year old, determined by dry eye lens weights, n = 160), had high significant values (p< 0.0001) of testis weights during the whole year, compare with all young ones (under 1 year old, determined by dry eye lens weights, n = 155). The results showed that normal reproductive cycle with periods of activity and calm in male European brown hares from Bulgaria. The distribution of testes weights, compared to the various ages, follows the same sequence, as at the sperm density (we assigned sperm quantity for each individual in the epidydimides to five classes: 1 – no sperm, 2 – very little, 3 – moderately present, 4 – high amount, 5 – massive amount). View of the fact that the density of sperm is defined by the tail of the epididymis, and the weights were measured from the testes, the connection between them confirms the proofs about the existence of a normal reproductive cycle with stages of activity and standstill. The heaviest testes had the biggest quantity of sperm in the epididymis, independently from the season. We defined, that the quantity of sperm and the weights of the testes were in direct dependency (p < 0.0001), as exactly following the line of activity and standstill in the seasons.","PeriodicalId":52662,"journal":{"name":"Silva Balcanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48253438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integrated approach for health status assessment of urban forests in the municipalities of Etropole and Pravets, Bulgaria 保加利亚Etropole市和Pravets市城市森林健康状况评估的综合方法

Silva Balcanica Pub Date : 2022-08-17 DOI: 10.3897/silvabalcanica.23.e91220

M. Georgieva, G. Georgiev, M. Ivanov, K. Tyufekchiev, Sevdalin Belilov, Y. Dodev, Plamen Glogov, M. Georgieva, Grud Popov, Svetozar Madzhov

{"title":"Integrated approach for health status assessment of urban forests in the municipalities of Etropole and Pravets, Bulgaria","authors":"M. Georgieva, G. Georgiev, M. Ivanov, K. Tyufekchiev, Sevdalin Belilov, Y. Dodev, Plamen Glogov, M. Georgieva, Grud Popov, Svetozar Madzhov","doi":"10.3897/silvabalcanica.23.e91220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/silvabalcanica.23.e91220","url":null,"abstract":"In 2020, the health status of urban forests in Etropole and Pravets municipalities was monitored based on remote sensing data and field assessment. The study provides information for early detection and identification of pests and pathogens causing damage in different forest types. Three forest stands were assessed: Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) plantation near the town of Etropole, European beech (Fagus sylvatica) natural stand near Etropole Monastery, and Quercus spp. coppice stands in ‘Nebesnite Pasbishta’ forest park near Osikovitsa village. In two sample plots (town of Etropole and Osikovitsa village), remote sensing data were obtained by a ‘Parrot Sequoia’ multispectral camera integrated with a specialized professional system eBee ‘Flying Wing’. Normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) was assessed by digital mixing of imagery, captured in the red and near-infrared range. It was established that the Scots pine plantations were weakened, with NDVI values between 0.66 and 0.75. The oak stands in the area of Osikovitsa village were in better health condition (NDVI mainly 0.79-0.98). Symptoms of diseases and pest damage were found during the field verifications. Severe deterioration caused by the invasive fungal pathogen Dothistroma septosporum had destroyed the pine plantation near Etropole. The pathogen caused premature needle defoliation, resulting in loss of timber yield and, in severe cases, tree death. In oak stands, damage was caused mainly by the invasive insect pest – oak lace bug (Corythucha arcuata). In Fagus sylvatica forests damage was caused mainly by abiotic factors (snow and wind), and wood destroying fungus Fomes fomentarius.","PeriodicalId":52662,"journal":{"name":"Silva Balcanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46450557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Winter desiccation of dwarf pine (Pinus mugo Turra) needles in the area of Belmeken Dam Belmeken大坝地区矮松针叶的冬季干燥

Silva Balcanica Pub Date : 2022-08-12 DOI: 10.3897/silvabalcanica.23.e90082

Sonja Bencheva, D. Doychev

引用次数: 0

Distribution of Biscogniauxia mediterranea and its potential insect vectors on Quercus suber in Southwestern Bulgaria 保加利亚西南部栓皮栎属植物的分布及其潜在病媒昆虫

Silva Balcanica Pub Date : 2022-08-10 DOI: 10.3897/silvabalcanica.23.e89314

Sonja Bencheva, D. Doychev

引用次数: 0

Effect of tree shelters on the survival and growth of coniferous tree species in Central South Bulgaria 防护林对保加利亚中南部针叶树种生存和生长的影响

Silva Balcanica Pub Date : 2022-08-10 DOI: 10.3897/silvabalcanica.23.e84286

K. Petkova, N. Iliev, Martin Borisov, M. Sattler

{"title":"Effect of tree shelters on the survival and growth of coniferous tree species in Central South Bulgaria","authors":"K. Petkova, N. Iliev, Martin Borisov, M. Sattler","doi":"10.3897/silvabalcanica.23.e84286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/silvabalcanica.23.e84286","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of tree shelters on the survival, height and diameter growth of three coniferous tree species – Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) and Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) were observed. The study was conducted in two experimental plantations, established in the spring of 2016 in the Training and Experimental Forest Range Jundola (Central South Bulgaria). Three experimental variants with tree shelters – Tubex Ventex Classic, Layflat Shelterguard, Layflat Treeguard and a control one (without tree shelters) were used. Twenty to twenty-five seedlings in three replications of each variant and tree species were planted. The experimental plantation 1 included Scots pine and Norway spruce and was established on a south east-facing terrain at an altitude of 1400 m. The soil is Cambisols (FAO) mixture of clay and sandy, medium stony, medium deep to deep. The habitat is medium rich, slightly moist. The experimental plantation 2 is of Silver fir and was located on an east-facing terrain at an altitude of 1400 m. The soil is Cambisols (FAO) mixture of clay and sandy, medium stony, medium deep to deep. The habitat is medium rich, slightly moist to moist.\u0000 In the autumn of the fifth year after the establishment, inventories and measurements of heights, height increment and groundline diameter of the seedlings were made. The survival in both experimental plantations was higher in the variants with tree shelter. The height growth of all tree species was better in tree shelter variants, with the highest average height in the variant with Tubex Ventex Classic. The biggest height increment was established in the variant with Layflat Shelterguard for Norway spruce and Silver fir and in variant without tree shelters for Scots pine. The ground line diameter was highest in control variant for Scots pine and Norway spruce and in the variant with Layflat Treegard for the Silver fir.","PeriodicalId":52662,"journal":{"name":"Silva Balcanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48733574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An overview of work productivity evaluation of farm tractors in timber skidding operations 农用拖拉机木材集材作业生产率评价综述

Silva Balcanica Pub Date : 2022-04-21 DOI: 10.3897/silvabalcanica.23.e82383

M. Ghaffariyan

{"title":"An overview of work productivity evaluation of farm tractors in timber skidding operations","authors":"M. Ghaffariyan","doi":"10.3897/silvabalcanica.23.e82383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/silvabalcanica.23.e82383","url":null,"abstract":"Farm tractors have been applied in forest operations to carry out several tasks such as tree/felling/process-ing, forwarding, loading, skidding and cable yarding. Farm tractors can be equipped with special logging equipment that allows for their safe and efficient work in the harvesting of forest stands. This research is aimed to collect and review available literary sources on the productivity of farm tractors during skidding operations. The study results showed that work productivity of farm tractors for timber skidding has been studied by several researchers around the world. According to the results, the reported work productivity of skidding with farm tractors varied from 1.2 m3/PMH0 to 15.8 m3/PMH0 among international studies. Main variables impacting the work productivity of skidding included skidding distance, load volume, number of pieces per turn, tree diameter, tree length, slope of skid trails and engine power. Proper skid trail planning, applying suitable skidding equipment (e.g. winches, sulkies etc.), considering suitable engine size and prop-er safety standards can all help improving the work efficiency of the farm tractors during timber extracting. The information provided in this research can help the forest industry users and researchers gain proper knowledge on the work productivity of farm tractors applied for timber skidding. The study results can be also useful for planning and development purposes within small-scale forest operations.","PeriodicalId":52662,"journal":{"name":"Silva Balcanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45296546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Dendrochronological analysis of the influence of climate on autochthonous and introduced coniferous tree species in the city park “Prostor”, Kardzhali 气候对卡尔扎利“Prostor”城市公园原生和引进针叶树的年代学分析

Silva Balcanica Pub Date : 2022-03-18 DOI: 10.3897/silvabalcanica.23.e79249

D. Dimitrov, M. Zhiyanski

引用次数: 1

New tachinid parasitoids on pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) (Diptera: Tachinidae) in Bulgaria 保加利亚松进程蛾上的新蛛形寄生蜂（Thaumetopoea pityocampa）（直翅目：蛛科）

Silva Balcanica Pub Date : 2022-03-11 DOI: 10.3897/silvabalcanica.23.e81890

G. Georgiev, Z. Hubenov, P. Mirchev, M. Georgieva, M. Matova

引用次数: 0

Assessing the carbon stock changes in forest soils in Bulgaria 保加利亚森林土壤碳储量变化评估

Silva Balcanica Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.3897/silvabalcanica.22.e76252

Lora Stoeva, L. Kirova

{"title":"Assessing the carbon stock changes in forest soils in Bulgaria","authors":"Lora Stoeva, L. Kirova","doi":"10.3897/silvabalcanica.22.e76252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/silvabalcanica.22.e76252","url":null,"abstract":"Forest soils are a key element of the forest ecosystems which could contribute to carbon storage and climate change mitigation. The carbon sequestration and storage potential of the forest soils, however, depends to a great extent on the forestry operations and forest management activities carried out in the forest. There is a widely accepted assumption that under a set of climate and management conditions the carbon content in the forest soils is at equilibrium. However, different factors like management activities, productivity, decay rates and/or natural disturbances could alter the carbon dynamics of forest soils. The aim of the current study was to assess the carbon stock and the carbon stock changes in mineral forest soils in Bulgaria based on the forest soil monitoring information gathered under the ICP Forest Programme. For that purpose, a dataset from the programme on mineral forest soils from 1998 was processed and analysed. The carbon stock for each sample plot was estimated for the 0-30 cm layer. The carbon stock change was calculated for all the sample plots with repeated measurements over the study period. The results were further analysed with parametric and non-parametric statistical tests to assess whether the carbon stock changes are significant. However, the lack of other relevant observations within the monitoring implementation such as litter decomposition, turnover rates, climatic conditions, etc., hinder the application of dynamic soil carbon models in assessing and predicting the current and the future rate of the soil carbon in forests in Bulgaria. ","PeriodicalId":52662,"journal":{"name":"Silva Balcanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46681110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0