Silva Balcanica最新文献

{"title":"Conceptual basis for studying the fungal biodiversity in organogenic soils in the area of the Bulgarian Antarctic Base ‘St. Kliment Ohridski’ on Livingston Island","authors":"M. Georgieva, Chavdar Zhelev, M. Zhiyanski, G. Georgiev, Mihaela Hristova, Mariam Bozhilova, R. Yaneva, Blagoy Koychev","doi":"10.3897/silvabalcanica.25.e119195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/silvabalcanica.25.e119195","url":null,"abstract":"In 2023, a scientific project for studying the fungal biodiversity in organogenic soils in the area of the Bulgarian Antarctic Base ‘St. Kliment Ohridski’ on Livingston Island was funded by the National Center for the Polar Studies at Sofia University ‘St. Kliment Ohridski’, implemented under the National Program for Polar Research ‘From Pole to Pole’, adopted by the Ministry of Education and Science. \u0000 In the period February-March 2023, a total of 126 soil samples were collected for analysis. Soil samples were carried out in the upper 0-5 cm soil layer. In places with deeper soil profiles, samples were collected from the deeper layer >5 cm. All samples were stored in sterile polyethylene bags in a freezer at minus 28°C on the Bulgarian ship ‘St. St. Cyril and Methodius’, which arrived in Bulgaria on 2nd May 2023.\u0000 The present study aims to present the conceptual basis for the study of structure, composition, and bioecological features of fungal species occurring in Antarctic organogenic soils from Livingston Island, to investigate the representatives of separate taxonomic groups of invertebrate organisms interacting with the fungal species in the soil, and to establish the relationships with the soil characteristics in the studied sites. Studies of the biological and ecological features of representatives of the mycota in Antarctic organogenic soils, their physiological and biochemical behavior, and interaction with invertebrate organisms, are essential for a better understanding of the biological processes occurring in them, and the implementation of this project will have substantial contribution to these issues.","PeriodicalId":52662,"journal":{"name":"Silva Balcanica","volume":" 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139789429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated mapping of ecosystems and assessment of forest ecosystem services at river basin scale","authors":"S. Nedkov, Ivaylo Ananiev, Hristina Prodanova, Vanya Stoycheva","doi":"10.3897/silvabalcanica.24.e115856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/silvabalcanica.24.e115856","url":null,"abstract":"Ecosystems provide various goods and services to society and their valuation is among the main objectives of the concept of ecosystem services (ES). The mapping of ecosystems is the main building block of the whole process of the Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystems and their Services (MAES). The analyses of the ecosystem data produced during the implementation of the national methodology for mapping ecosystems in Bulgaria (MAES BG) reveal some problems that may cause confusion in cases of integrated assessment of all ecosystem types. In this paper, we present an approach that enables formulation of a uniform spatial dataset based on the mapping of the main ecosystem types, that can be used for mapping of ES at a river basin scale. It has been applied to the upper part of the Ogosta River basin and the result is a topologically correct uniform spatial data layer. The approach gives one possible solution to problems related to the different sources of information and the discrepancies between ecosystem types in the national mapping of ecosystems in Bulgaria. It is based on the use of a uniform spatial framework that outlines the ecosystem types and sets the initial database for further mapping. This ensures a topologically correct spatial dataset for the ecosystems and a background for further updates for each ecosystem at the different levels of MAES typology. The most appropriate spatial basis for the territory of Bulgaria is the database for the physical blocks of the Ministry of Interior. Its application to the studied river basin gives encouraging results and can be used as an example for similar areas. Further development of the approach will ensure the mapping of the forest ecosystems at level 3 of the MAES BG typology and more precise delineation of the grassland, heathland, freshwater, and sparsely vegetated ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":52662,"journal":{"name":"Silva Balcanica","volume":"14 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139148533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Egg parasitoids of Thaumetopoea pityocampa in the region of Gyumyurdzhinski Snezhnik in Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria","authors":"P. Mirchev, G. Georgiev, M. Georgieva, G. Zaemdzhikova, Lilia Bocheva, P. Boyadzhiev, Maria Dobreva, M. Matova","doi":"10.3897/silvabalcanica.24.e116522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/silvabalcanica.24.e116522","url":null,"abstract":"The region of Gyumyurdzhinski Snezhnik in the Eastern Rhodopes is the closest in Bulgaria to the Aegean Sea. However, the climate is characterized by specific parameters that are determined by its relief. It is poorly protected from the invasion of cold air masses from the north. From the south, the Gyumyurdzhinski Snezhnik hill restrains the Mediterranean influence. The orography of the area favors the retention of cold air masses and a further drop in temperatures. The experimental material for the study includes 5 generations of Thaumetopoea pityocampa (2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2022), collected in 31 locations of four State Forestry Enterprises: Kirkovo, Ardino, Momchilgrad, and Zlatograd. The sample for analysis included 693 egg batches with 148420 eggs in them. Seven primary egg parasitoids were established in this region: Ooencyrtus pityocampae, Baryscapus servadeii, Pediobius bruchicida, Anastatus bifasciatus, Eupelmus vesicularis, E. vladimiri, Trichogramma sp. and one hyperparasitoid (B. transversalis). Dominant parasitoids were B. servadeii and O. pityocampae, and E. vladimiri and P. bruchicida – occasional parasitoids. The hyperparasitoid B. transversalis participated in the complex with a relatively low share. The survival of the egg parasitoids in the laboratory conditions, in which the samples were kept, was low. The total mortality of the parasitoids in larval and adult stages was 47.8%. After collecting the samples, in laboratory conditions, a total of 442 individuals of the hyperparasitoid B. transversalis emerged, of which 56.3% were females and 43.7% were males. The average number of pine processionary moth eggs in a batch was 214.2. 70.8% of all the eggs in the samples hatched successfully. The egg parasitoids are a very serious natural factor, regulating the density of the pine processionary moth, but their impact varied from 2.1% to 30.3%. The natural characteristics of the area, the air temperature during the stages of eggs and young larvae, are favorable for the development of the pine processionary moth. Unhatched larvae without the influence of entomophages were 7.2%.","PeriodicalId":52662,"journal":{"name":"Silva Balcanica","volume":"25 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139150089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First record of Chlorophorus herbstii (Brahm, 1790) in Greece and new localities of Xylosteus bartoni Obenberger & Mařan, 1933 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae)","authors":"Giannis Bolanakis, A. Trichas","doi":"10.3897/silvabalcanica.24.e115337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/silvabalcanica.24.e115337","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, Chlorophorus herbstii (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) was reported for the first time for Greek fauna. Another longhorn beetle, Xylosteus bartoni, has been found in two new localities in the country.","PeriodicalId":52662,"journal":{"name":"Silva Balcanica","volume":"348 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139148901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reforestation pipeline: case for quality management of NIR-region grading of Scots pine seeds and FLR-algorithm for information processing","authors":"T. Novikova, E. Petrishchev, Arthur I. Novikov","doi":"10.3897/silvabalcanica.24.e114699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/silvabalcanica.24.e114699","url":null,"abstract":"When controlling the process of improving the quality of seeds by separating on a spectrometric basis, the primary information about the state of Scots pine seeds is carried by the wavelengths of optical fluxes and their amplitudes. The algorithm for analyzing the required characteristics of small forest seeds in the infrared range is a corresponding sequence of logical terms that provide the ability to determine the specified seed parameters by a combination of spectral frequencies and light flux amplitudes taken from the corresponding photodetectors. At ΔС = 0.5, the efficiency of the algorithm was 77.6 %, and at ΔС = 0.9, respectively, 99.5 %. In this regard, the choice of ΔС is the result of a compromise between the cost of rejection of high-quality seeds and losses when using unrecognized low-quality seeds and it is made according to the results of relevant experiments.","PeriodicalId":52662,"journal":{"name":"Silva Balcanica","volume":"7 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139151948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring of the health status of Castanea sativa in the Belasitsa mountain, southwest Bulgaria","authors":"M. Georgieva, G. Georgiev, P. Mirchev, E. Filipova, M. Matova, Sevdalin Belilov, Svetozar Madzhov, Mihaela Hristova","doi":"10.3897/silvabalcanica.24.e116036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/silvabalcanica.24.e116036","url":null,"abstract":"In the period 2017-2023, a survey for the assessment of the phytosanitary condition of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) was conducted in a permanent sample plot (PSP) Belasitsa, which is part of the European large-scale network for monitoring the health status of forest ecosystems under the International Co-operative Program ‘Forests’. The PSP is set in a natural chestnut stand in Belasitsa mountain at an altitude of 643 m. Data collected from the first years of the monitoring determined a slight deterioration in the health status of the chestnut trees caused by an infection with the fungal pathogen Cryphonectria parasitica. An improvement in trees’ vitality and lack of active necrosis were observed in 2022-2023. On the wounds, initiation of callus along the wounded edges was reported. Currently, the introduction of new and dangerous invasive insect pests Dryocosmus kuriphilus, Corythucha arcuata, etc., has not been detected. Attacks of both pests could further deteriorate the health status of the sweet chestnut in Belasitsa.","PeriodicalId":52662,"journal":{"name":"Silva Balcanica","volume":"4 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139150640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying key quality characteristics of woody biomass for bioenergy application: an international review","authors":"M. Ghaffariyan","doi":"10.3897/silvabalcanica.24.e114644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/silvabalcanica.24.e114644","url":null,"abstract":"Biomass characteristics play an important role in product classification, economic values, and types of usage. This research was initiated by the IEA Bioenergy Technology Collaboration Programme, which aimed to review and identify the top biomass characteristics as they relate to commercially viable biomaterial and bioenergy processes. An online search (in English) was conducted using the following keywords: biomass, chips, quality, characteristics, moisture content, calorific values, contamination and ash content. The search was restricted to woody biomass and raw feedstock materials. Review results were classified based on regions including Africa, America, Asia, Europe and Oceania. Each case study was described based on the study background, type of biomass and biomass attributes that were measured. The key biomass characteristic was moisture content that was consistently measured in almost all reports. Ash content and calorific value were classified as second place in terms of frequency in the biomass studies. Lower frequency belonged to the attributes such as bulk density, contamination, particle shape and nutrient (elemental) content. Detailed information of different case studies is provided in this report. It is anticipated that this literature review will assist IEA Bioenergy and its industrial and scientific network to better understand the current knowledge gaps regarding woody biomass characterisation.","PeriodicalId":52662,"journal":{"name":"Silva Balcanica","volume":"49 44","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139151036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil erosion rates based on anatomical changes in exposed roots - case study from southwest Bulgaria","authors":"Eli Pavlova-Traykova, Dimitar Dimitrov","doi":"10.3897/silvabalcanica.24.e116223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/silvabalcanica.24.e116223","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years different methods for soil erosion assessment have been used. Because of its high accuracy in estimations, dendrogeomorphology was selected as one suitable and reliable scientific method to achieve the main goals of this study.  The main goal of the study is to date denudation events using anatomical responses of the tree-rings of the roots. We analyze the histological changes that occur in the roots of two tree species, along the river banks of the Sedelska River, which is a tributary of Struma River. The significant differences between homogenous groups of measurements in pre-exposed and exposed roots was established, and it shows a remarkable response of roots to sheet erosion.","PeriodicalId":52662,"journal":{"name":"Silva Balcanica","volume":"280 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139152841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health status of the field protective forest belts in Dobrudzha – results from the monitoring carried out in 2022","authors":"Y. Dodev, G. Georgiev, M. Georgieva, Veselin Ivanov, Sevdalin Belilov, Svetozar Madzhov, Lyubomira Georgieva","doi":"10.3897/silvabalcanica.24.e116284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/silvabalcanica.24.e116284","url":null,"abstract":"In 2022, the health status of the field protective forest belts on the territory of the State Hunting Enterprise Balchik and State Forest Enterprises General Toshevo and Dobrich was monitored. The assessment of tree crown condition covered 7069.3 ha (66% of all field protective belts in Bulgaria). The results showed that 70% of monitored belts were in good condition, 23% - in moderate condition, and 7% - in poor condition. Since 2014 the area of the protective forest belts in poor condition has increased 2.6 times, and 76% of them were situated in Dobrudzha region. Ash belts – Fraxinus excelsior (66% of all belts) and Fraxinus americana (10%) were in the worst conditon. In ash belts a process of crown dieback, premature falling of leaves and drying of whole trees were observed. In individual ash belts, drying reached up to 80% of tree crowns, regardless of their age and origin. The drying was mostly due to the biotic factors – insect pests and fungal pathogens. The protective forest belts of Quercus cerris, Q. petraea, Q., rubra and Gleditschia triacanthos stand out as sustainable tree species. It is necessary to significantly upgrade the methodology by which the monitoring of the health status of trees in the field protective forest belts is currently carried out. In the new methodology a detailed description of the type of data that need to be collected, the methods of assessments, and data reporting formats, have to be included.","PeriodicalId":52662,"journal":{"name":"Silva Balcanica","volume":"71 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139150151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New braconid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on bark beetles in Ihtimanska Sredna Gora Mountain, Bulgaria","authors":"Sevdalin Belilov, G. Georgiev","doi":"10.3897/silvabalcanica.24.e115809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/silvabalcanica.24.e115809","url":null,"abstract":"In 2020, two braconid species (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) were found as parasitoids of bark beetles in Pinus sylvestris plantations in Ihtimanska Sredna Gora Mt. Coeloides bostrichorum Giraud was reared from stem samples attacked by Tomicus piniperda and Tomicus minor in the region of Krushovitsa vill. (State Forestry Enterprise Elin Pelin), and Dendrosoter middendorffi (Ratzeburg) – by Ips acuminatus, Pityophthorus pityographus and Pityogenes bistridentatus in the region of Krushovitsa vill. and Golema Rakovitsa vill. (State Game Enterprise Aramliets). Coeloides bostrichorum caused 7.4% mortality of T. piniperda and T. minor, and Dendrosoter middendorffi – 5.6-12.5% of Ips acuminatus, 5.6% of P. bistridentatus, and 2.8% of I. acuminatus, P. pityographus and P. bistridentatus. In the total braconid parasitoid complex, D. middendorffi was the dominant species with a relative share of 87.5%.","PeriodicalId":52662,"journal":{"name":"Silva Balcanica","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139248891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}