Developments in Health Sciences最新文献_第2页

Prevalence of risk factors for falls among older adult ambulant patients on a chronic inpatient ward 慢性住院病房老年门诊病人跌倒危险因素的流行程度

Developments in Health Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.1556/2066.2022.00057

I. Simonné Wiesl, P. Kis-Kós, Zsigmond Gyombolai, A. Kubík, Sz. Báthory, É. Kovács

{"title":"Prevalence of risk factors for falls among older adult ambulant patients on a chronic inpatient ward","authors":"I. Simonné Wiesl, P. Kis-Kós, Zsigmond Gyombolai, A. Kubík, Sz. Báthory, É. Kovács","doi":"10.1556/2066.2022.00057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2066.2022.00057","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Falls in older age are the result of the interaction of several modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors. Risk factors for falls may vary in frequency not only in different economic and cultural contexts but also in different forms of care services among the older population. The aim of the present cross-sectional descriptive observational study was to assess the prevalence of risk factors for falls among older ambulant patients on a chronic inpatient ward in Hungary.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Data associated with risk factors for falls, such as age, sex, chronic physical and mental illness, acute illness, incontinence, history of falls, balance and gait disorder, and visual impairment, were collected from 82 participants. The frequency of these risk factors in our sample was compared with their prevalence in the elderly population living at home — based on data available in the literature and statistical databases — using chi-square tests.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Our results show that the prevalence of hypertension, cerebrovascular events, dementia and diabetes are significantly higher in the elderly population in chronic inpatient care than in the elderly population living at home. There is also a significantly higher prevalence of balance disorders and the use of sedatives/sleeping pills/neuroleptics in the studied population. Cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, and Parkinson's disease are equally prevalent in both populations.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In the case of many of the patients admitted to chronic inpatient care, there is a real chance that their physical condition will improve or stabilise to the point where they can return to their own homes or be moved to a nursing home. This kind of rehabilitation approach to chronic inpatient care would require many more qualified nurses, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, dietitians and social workers than are currently available.\u0000","PeriodicalId":52607,"journal":{"name":"Developments in Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75963048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Objectives, sources of information, and experiences of followers of vegan-like and ketogenic-like dietary trends as pseudo-diets 目标，信息来源，以及素食和生酮类饮食趋势作为伪饮食的追随者的经验

Developments in Health Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-27 DOI: 10.1556/2066.2022.00058

B. Vékony, V. Suhajdáné Urbán, R. Andrásné Mikolás, Zsofia Pasztor, E. Mák

{"title":"Objectives, sources of information, and experiences of followers of vegan-like and ketogenic-like dietary trends as pseudo-diets","authors":"B. Vékony, V. Suhajdáné Urbán, R. Andrásné Mikolás, Zsofia Pasztor, E. Mák","doi":"10.1556/2066.2022.00058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2066.2022.00058","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Diets other than those recommended by professionals, referred to in the present paper as “pseudo-diets”, can endanger the health of the people who follow them. It is therefore worth assessing why people begin such diets, the information they rely on, and the effects they experience.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We surveyed and compared people following two pseudo-diets: a ketogenic-like diet (KLD) and a vegan-like diet (VLD). The diets are defined as ketogenic and vegan by the dieters themselves. A cross-sectional study was carried out using self-developed anonymous online questionnaires. The survey participants were adults: 249 KLD and 203 VLD followers.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The majority (85.14%) of the KLD followers stated that their motivation was weight loss, while 56.16% of the VLD followers stated that they were primarily motivated by ethical considerations. Only 11.64% of the KLD followers and 33.99% of the VLD followers had sought professional help. Both the variety and frequency of the adverse effects were robust in the KLD group, while the VLD followers experienced primarily positive outcomes. We found a statistically significant association between the seeking of professional help and an increase in desirable effects in both groups, and a decrease in adverse effects in the VLD group.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The dieters used several information sources but only occasionally turned to professionals. Given that dietary changes can represent a significant intervention, professional monitoring is highly recommended to ensure that the diet is valid, effective, personalised and safe.\u0000","PeriodicalId":52607,"journal":{"name":"Developments in Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82808014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Review of the background to increased risks of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia among elderly people 老年人患SARS-CoV-2肺炎风险增加的背景审查

Developments in Health Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1556/2066.2022.00056

G. Losonczy

{"title":"Review of the background to increased risks of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia among elderly people","authors":"G. Losonczy","doi":"10.1556/2066.2022.00056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2066.2022.00056","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Morbidity and mortality rates during the COVID-19 pandemic have been particularly high among elderly people (>65 years). This review summarises some of the important physiological and clinical aspects in the background of augmented risk. Airway clearance provides defence against inhaled particles, including viruses. Some relevant studies have indicated that clearance from the small and large airways is slower in elderly people. Cough peak flow (the speed of expiratory airflow during coughing, or cough power) is another important parameter that reflects the defence capacity of the respiratory system. Age has likewise been shown to induce inspiratory and expiratory muscle weakness and, as a consequence, a low cough peak flow. In addition to the weakening of these non-specific defences in elderly people, the specific immune response against the SARS-CoV-2 virus has been found to be nearly blocked in aged mice, and the augmented synthesis of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) was found to play a role in this phenomenon. Aged animals were protected from death by a specific antagonist of PGD2. Among aged people suffering from COVID-19, there were disproportionally more patients with low CD8 T lymphocyte counts and high plasma concentrations of interleukin 6 (IL-6). This combination of deficient cellular immunity and overt inflammatory response in COVID-19 has been identified as a significant risk factor of mortality.","PeriodicalId":52607,"journal":{"name":"Developments in Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74342007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Common benign and malignant tumours of the aging skin: Characteristics and treatment options 老化皮肤常见的良性和恶性肿瘤:特征和治疗方案

Developments in Health Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1556/2066.2022.00055

A. Bánvölgyi, A. Görög, K. Gadó, P. Holló

引用次数: 0

Chronic wounds in the elderly: Decubitus, leg ulcers, and ulcers of rare aetiology 老年人慢性伤口:褥疮、腿部溃疡和罕见病因的溃疡

Developments in Health Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1556/2066.2022.00054

A. Bánvölgyi, A. Görög, K. Gadó, P. Holló

{"title":"Chronic wounds in the elderly: Decubitus, leg ulcers, and ulcers of rare aetiology","authors":"A. Bánvölgyi, A. Görög, K. Gadó, P. Holló","doi":"10.1556/2066.2022.00054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2066.2022.00054","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The ageing processes, primarily after the age of 60, bring about a number of important changes that affect the skin’s protective function. These changes directly and indirectly increase its vulnerability and impair its ability to heal. Hence, the incidence of chronic wounds increases in the elderly population. Dry skin, often accompanied by itching and consequent scratching, can lead to the development of wounds. The skin’s ability to regenerate itself is also impaired by the atrophy that affects all the three layers of the skin, the epidermis, dermis, and subcutis. The deterioration of vascularisation and innervation increases the chance of ulcer formation and impaired healing of existing wounds. Together these lead to the development of chronic lower limb ulcers in elderly patients or decubitus in older bedridden patients. Bedsores are more likely to develop in older patients with reduced body weight due to their decreased amount of adipose tissue capable of pressure-relieving. This latter negative tendency may be exacerbated by the presence of reduced mobility, impaired muscle strength, and frequent incontinence. In all respects, the propensity to heal is worse than in younger age, thus in many cases a chronic process is expected, and in some cases halting the progression may be a significant outcome. Ulcers of rare aetiology can occur at any age, so pyoderma gangrenosum, vasculitis, and other ulcers with rare aetiology in the elderly population should also be considered.","PeriodicalId":52607,"journal":{"name":"Developments in Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84067493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Seeing is believing? The pivotal role of personal experience in contemporary health behaviour: A narrative review 眼见为实?个人经验在当代健康行为中的关键作用:叙述性回顾

Developments in Health Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-11 DOI: 10.1556/2066.2022.00053

M. Kapitány-Fövény

{"title":"Seeing is believing? The pivotal role of personal experience in contemporary health behaviour: A narrative review","authors":"M. Kapitány-Fövény","doi":"10.1556/2066.2022.00053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2066.2022.00053","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In the age of people aspiring after sense experiences, encouraging long-term health behaviour changes to prevent future disorders that are, without previous personal experiences, unimaginable threats for the public, maybe one of the greatest challenges preventive medicine has to face. In order to become trusted sources, and influence public health behaviour in an experience-oriented manner, we need to formulate strategies offering emotionally evocative sense inputs that elicit self-relatedness. The current narrative review discusses the relevance of personal experiences in contemporary health behaviour by focusing on three major areas: 1) the importance of personal sources of health-related information, 2) cognitive and neurobiological background of personal experiences, 3) potential strategies to induce health behaviour changes through personal experiences. Based on the reviewed body of knowledge, three potential “rules” are proposed to increase the effectiveness of health promotion programs through sense or personal experiences: 1) Rule of Senses (stressing the importance of multisensory learning); 2) Rule of Affect (emphasizing the motivational significance of evoking positive emotions); and 3) Rule of Self-relatedness (highlighting the role of the self-referential composition of human experiences).","PeriodicalId":52607,"journal":{"name":"Developments in Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78764436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Changes in the health status of the Hungarian Defence Forces in an ageing society 在老龄化社会中匈牙利国防军健康状况的变化

Developments in Health Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-09 DOI: 10.1556/2066.2022.00052

A. Novák, Zs. Rázsó, A. Sótér, C. Nyakas

{"title":"Changes in the health status of the Hungarian Defence Forces in an ageing society","authors":"A. Novák, Zs. Rázsó, A. Sótér, C. Nyakas","doi":"10.1556/2066.2022.00052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2066.2022.00052","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The continuous collection, monitoring, and analysis of morbidity data enable health professionals to plan the capacity of the care system, to organise and optimise care, to measure the burden of diseases resulting from each morbidity, and to estimate its expected evolution.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In our study, we analyse the data of patient flow reports for the period 2011 to 2020 for the healing and preventive basic service defined as the basic task of the primary health care system (troop health service) of the Hungarian Defence Forces.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Over 850,000 doctor-patient encounters over the ten-year period were mostly due to some form of acute care need, infection, and respiratory illness. The morbidity structure has not changed significantly over the period. In all cases, the top three were diseases of the respiratory system (J00-J99), diseases of the circulatory system (I00-I99), as well as musculoskeletal and connective tissue diseases (M00-M99). In 2020, the highest number of people with restrictions for health reasons in the period under review was 131 for diseases of the circulatory system and 179 for musculoskeletal disorders. In recent years, the time spent on medical leave or on sick leave has increased significantly in terms of the number of cases of incapacity to work.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Accurate knowledge of morbidity and health data can also provide the military leadership with important information on combat fitness, especially when the ever-increasing task load (mission activity, border tasks, Covid-19) has to be met by an armed corps selected from an ageing population.\u0000","PeriodicalId":52607,"journal":{"name":"Developments in Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88555957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Most common cardiovascular diseases of the elderly – A review article 老年人最常见的心血管疾病——综述文章

Developments in Health Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-13 DOI: 10.1556/2066.2021.00048

K. Gadó, A. Szabó, D. Markovics, A. Virág

引用次数: 6

Ageing societies and the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic – Statements of the European Geriatric Medicine Society and measures of the Hungarian Government concerning older people 老龄化社会和COVID-19大流行的第一波和第二波——欧洲老年医学会的声明和匈牙利政府关于老年人的措施

Developments in Health Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-12 DOI: 10.1556/2066.2021.00049

A. LELBACHp, É. Benyei

{"title":"Ageing societies and the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic – Statements of the European Geriatric Medicine Society and measures of the Hungarian Government concerning older people","authors":"A. LELBACHp, É. Benyei","doi":"10.1556/2066.2021.00049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2066.2021.00049","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Ageing of the societies is a demographic phenomenon in the developed world. SARS-CoV-2 is a novel human coronavirus responsible for a pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). World Health Organization (WHO) data demonstrated that the first two waves of the pandemic had the most severe impact on older people and that is why new guidelines and protocols were necessary in geriatric medicine to protect senior citizens.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In our publication, we summarise the three statements of EuGMS concerning the first and second waves of COVID-19 pandemic in Europe. Besides following the European recommendations, a proper local response was necessary in each country.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The Hungarian Government has successfully completed the necessary measures during the first two waves, which are summarised in our publication. Those measures took into consideration not only the international guidelines, but the capacities of the healthcare system, as well as the sociodemographic and economic characteristics of the country.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Successful local defence against COVID-19 required adequate and optimised interpretation of the international guidelines to save the life of thousands of older adults in Hungary.\u0000","PeriodicalId":52607,"journal":{"name":"Developments in Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89773053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of ageing on the eyes 衰老对眼睛的影响

Developments in Health Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-07 DOI: 10.1556/2066.2021.00047

引用次数: 0