Qing Chen, Yang Xue, Chen Chen, Yunmin Chen, Yao Tang
{"title":"Particle-scale kinematic model for the surface erosion of granular beds","authors":"Qing Chen, Yang Xue, Chen Chen, Yunmin Chen, Yao Tang","doi":"10.1007/s40571-024-00857-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40571-024-00857-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The surface erosion of a granular bed can be quantitatively assessed by the erosion rate. Most of the existing methods for predicting erosion rates rely on empirical formulas, which do not take into account the motion of particles during the erosion process. This paper introduces a particle-scale kinematic model to determine the erosion rate of the granular bed. The model accounts for the interactions between water flow and the particles, and considers the arrangement of particles within the bed by incorporating a probability density function for the contact angle of the particle assembly. The proposed model has been validated through experimental measurements, demonstrating high accuracy. Using this model, it is possible to predict the distinct motion modes of granular particles under surface water flow, including stationary, rolling and suspension. We discovered that while the water flow may initiate the movement of particles on the granular bed, the particles might stay within the bed if the drag forces are too weak or if the initial contact angle of the particles is close to 90º, without influencing the erosion rate. For particles in different motion modes, typically over 60% of exposed particles in the granular bed contribute little to erosion, while typically no more than 30% are actively contributing to the surface erosion across varying shear stresses and particle sizes. This model provides an effective method for predicting the surface erosion rate and also sheds light on the mechanisms of particle motion during surface erosion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":524,"journal":{"name":"Computational Particle Mechanics","volume":"12 3","pages":"1471 - 1489"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145163498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kumpei Tsuji, Shujiro Fujioka, Daniel S. Morikawa, Mitsuteru Asai
{"title":"A reliable SPH(2) formulation for Darcy–Forchheimer–Brinkman equation using a density-based particle shifting in the ALE description","authors":"Kumpei Tsuji, Shujiro Fujioka, Daniel S. Morikawa, Mitsuteru Asai","doi":"10.1007/s40571-024-00856-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40571-024-00856-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper proposes a numerical framework to perform highly accurate simulations of seepage flow through porous media with the incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (ISPH). Our approach follows the arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian description, which can introduce an arbitrary advection velocity for particle shifting techniques (PSTs) independently of the physical fluid velocity. The Darcy–Forchheimer–Brinkman equation is applied to deal with free surface flow and seepage flow simultaneously instead of the Navier–Stokes equation. There are three main improvements to solving this problem using ISPH. The first is replacing the SPH(2) with a highly accurate derivative operator. The second is modifying a volume-conserving particle shifting for seepage flow problems to maintain the apparent fluid density consistent with the spatially distributed porosity. Finally, we propose a newly geometric porosity estimation method automatically estimating numerical porosity referenced in the proposed PST from the soil particle distributions. Through simple convergence tests, we verify the convergence of truncation errors and the applicability limits of SPH(2) to simulate seepage flow problems. We also performed numerical simulations of hydrostatic pressure problems and dam-break experiments involving porous layers to demonstrate the proposed method’s excellent computational stability and volume conservation performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":524,"journal":{"name":"Computational Particle Mechanics","volume":"12 2","pages":"1045 - 1073"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40571-024-00856-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143918934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparison of Eulerian and Lagrangian approaches for the numerical study of the concentration of micro-particles generated from a moving train","authors":"Tahereh Izadi, Omid Abouali","doi":"10.1007/s40571-024-00860-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40571-024-00860-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recent studies indicate poor air quality inside the subway system due to the successive generation and accumulation of particles. Many of these particles are iron-containing airborne wear particles generated by the abrasion of brake pads. In the present study, the concentration distribution of wear particles emitted from train brake pads during train braking is investigated. Due to the unsteady three-dimensional turbulent flow caused by the train movement inside the large geometry of the subway system, this numerical modeling requires a high computational cost, especially when the Lagrangian method, which tracks every single particle, is used. So, applying the less expensive Eulerian method, which considers the particle phase as a continuum, is preferable. However, the feasibility of using the Eulerian approach instead of the Lagrangian one should be examined, especially for the large particles emitted from a moving body inside a train-induced turbulent flow field. Therefore, in the present work, the predictions of particle concentration obtained through these two methods are compared. The predictions of the Eulerian method are more continuous and uniform, while those of the Lagrangian method, which is based on the accumulation of individual particles, are more scattered. The results show that the Eulerian method can provide reasonable predictions while maintaining computational efficiency.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":524,"journal":{"name":"Computational Particle Mechanics","volume":"12 2","pages":"1115 - 1126"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Li Longwei, Li Jian, Li Shichang, Dai Zhangjun, Chen Shanxiong, Wei Xiaoyang
{"title":"A hybrid scaling coarse-graining method based on a computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method","authors":"Li Longwei, Li Jian, Li Shichang, Dai Zhangjun, Chen Shanxiong, Wei Xiaoyang","doi":"10.1007/s40571-024-00859-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40571-024-00859-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method (CFD-DEM) is an important method for simulating the interaction and movement of fluid and particulate materials. Its ability to simulate the mechanical behavior of particulate materials has led to its widespread research and application. However, due to limitations in computer computing power, CFD-DEM is limited in the number of particles it can simulate, making it difficult to achieve simulations at an engineering scale. To solve this issue, this study proposes a hybrid scaling coarse-graining method (HSCGM). This method significantly reduces the number of particles by replacing a collection of small particles with a single large particle. Additionally, the principles of particle motion balance, energy conservation, and the exact scaling model are used to determine the accurate relationship for the interaction force between coarse-grained particles. Finally, the accuracy and efficiency of the calculations are analyzed through Ergun and settling tests. The results show that the HSCGM more accurately simulates the interaction forces between particles and their motion behavior, while significantly improving computational efficiency. The advantages and disadvantages of other fluid–solid coupling methods are also discussed. The HSCGM further advances the application prospects of CFD-DEM at an engineering scale.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":524,"journal":{"name":"Computational Particle Mechanics","volume":"12 2","pages":"1099 - 1113"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143918973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Triaxial numerical simulation study on the mechanical properties of rockfill materials under different boundary conditions","authors":"Runhan Zhang, Lingkai Zhang, Chong Shi, Yunchao Cui, Xiaoying Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s40571-024-00855-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40571-024-00855-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Considering the critical role of boundary conditions in influencing the mechanical properties and deformation behaviors of rockfill materials, large-scale triaxial numerical simulation experiments are conducted under various boundary conditions using discrete element and finite-difference coupling (FDM-DEM) technology. This study aims to examine the effects of boundary conditions on the mechanical behavior of rockfill materials and to clarify the discrepancies in their deformation and failure mechanisms at both macroscopic and microscopic scales. The results indicate that the FDM-DEM coupling boundary provides distinct advantages in characterizing the mechanical response of rockfill materials. Under the rigid boundary, both peak strength and volumetric deformation capacity are significantly enhanced. The stress–strain curves observed with the bonded particles boundary consistently show a hardening trend and exhibit a relatively limited capacity for volume change. The “x”-shaped shear band and waist-drum failure mode of rockfill materials are more accurately depicted using the FDM-DEM coupling boundary. In contrast, the rigid boundary samples display collapse failure, an unconventional “k”-shaped shear zone, pronounced stress concentration, and the appearance of stress blind zones, along with a marked reduction in the mechanical coordination number. The bonded particles boundary demonstrates greater potential in capturing the final morphology of the shear band, with the conical dead zone showing increased freedom in its evolution, more uniform stress distribution, and a gradual decline in the mechanical coordination number. The FDM-DEM coupling boundary proves advantageous in maintaining stable confining pressure and effectively simulating continuous elastic deformation, while significant additional stresses are observed at both the rigid boundary and the bonded particles boundary.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":524,"journal":{"name":"Computational Particle Mechanics","volume":"12 3","pages":"1451 - 1470"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145170601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yong Wang, Ming Li, Jie Chen, Xiaolin Wang, Yu Huang, Houlin Liu
{"title":"Numerical investigation on cavitation characteristics under solid–liquid two-phase conditions in a centrifugal pump","authors":"Yong Wang, Ming Li, Jie Chen, Xiaolin Wang, Yu Huang, Houlin Liu","doi":"10.1007/s40571-024-00850-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40571-024-00850-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The objective of this paper is to investigate the cavitation characteristics under solid–liquid two-phase conditions in a centrifugal pump using numerical method. The partially-averaged Navier–Stokes (PANS) model and Zwart–Gerber–Belamari (ZGB) model are improved to better predict the cavitating flow. The velocity field, the vorticity field, and the distribution of sand particles at different cavitation stages are elaborated to discuss the effect of sand particles on cavitating flow, and the entropy generation theory is applied to analyze the irreversible flow loss caused by cavitation and particles inside the pump. The results show that compared with the clear water conditions, the energy performance and cavitation performance of the centrifugal pump decrease under solid–liquid two-phase conditions. Sand particles promote the development of cavitation, but also delay the shedding of cavity. Cavity structure influences the distribution of sand particles, and the large-scale cavity will promote the sand particles move toward the center of the flow channel. Cavitation and sand particles both create a decrease in velocity and an increase in vorticity in most areas of the flow channel, which leads to an increase in irreversible flow loss.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":524,"journal":{"name":"Computational Particle Mechanics","volume":"12 2","pages":"987 - 1000"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Intercepting and impact resistance property of dry particle flow by PFC3D-based slit dam","authors":"Yuqiong He, Lei Tang, Rong Sun, Wenjie Dong","doi":"10.1007/s40571-024-00840-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40571-024-00840-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Slit dams, as effective open barrier structures, are widely used to intercept granular flows. To investigate the blocking efficiency and impact force magnitude of slit dams, physical experiments are conducted to calibrate numerical simulation tests. In this study, a flume model without lateral confinement is established, and various slit dam configurations are designed to evaluate the effects of pillar spacing, number of pillar rows, and pillar staggering on the blocking efficiency and impact load of granular flows. The results indicate that all three factors are closely related to granular flow blocking and impact forces. (1) The pillar spacing is inversely proportional to the blocking efficiency and impact peak value; as the blocking efficiency decreases, the impact peak value and static passive earth pressure also decrease accordingly. (2) Increasing the number of rows reduces the blocking efficiency and impact force of the first row of slit dams. Compared to a single row of pillars, a double row of pillars reduces the impact force by 3.20%, while a triple row of pillars reduces the impact force by 2.39% compared to a double row. The impact peak value and passive earth pressure on the side pillars increase due to the dispersed granular flow. (3) The staggered pillar structure reduces the blocking efficiency of the first row of slit dams while simultaneously lowering the impact peak value of the front row. The staggered structure can reduce the impact peak value by 1.22%. (4) The experimental results laterally demonstrate that the multi-structural arrangement of slit dams increases particle collisions within the dam body, reducing the impact on the first row of dams and causing some particles to move forward. These findings provide a technical basis for the optimized design of open slit dams, enabling them to exhibit higher performance during the design phase.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":524,"journal":{"name":"Computational Particle Mechanics","volume":"12 2","pages":"907 - 920"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gang Zheng, Bing Qi, Wenyi Zhang, Youfu Yang, Hongjun Liu, Youqiang Ding, Yunxia Wang
{"title":"Key device design and experimental study of high-speed seedbed preparation for rice paddy sowing","authors":"Gang Zheng, Bing Qi, Wenyi Zhang, Youfu Yang, Hongjun Liu, Youqiang Ding, Yunxia Wang","doi":"10.1007/s40571-024-00837-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40571-024-00837-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The mechanized water direct seeding technology of rice has the advantages of saving time and labor, saving cost and increasing yield. The existing wheeled tractor direct seeding operation in paddy field mainly has technical problems such as large wheel rut, floating stubble blockage, and high-speed operation backwater, resulting in the quality of seedbed is not up to standard and cannot meet the requirements of direct seeding operation in paddy field. In view of the above problems, a high-speed rice seedbed preparation machine which can be matched with a wheeled tractor was developed. The overall scheme of the machine was put forward, and the structure design of key devices such as rut coverage, stubble burying and ditching was carried out. The corresponding motion analysis and simulation were carried out. Finally, the bench test and field test were carried out. The test results show that the designed operating machine can complete the rutting coverage, stubble burying, ditching and other operations at one time. The coverage rate of wheel track is 98.52%. The stubble rate was 98.89%; the ditch type of the ditching operation is complete and the ditch is clean. The components of the designed machine meet the design requirements, and the operation effect can better meet the operation requirements of high-speed rice seedbed preparation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":524,"journal":{"name":"Computational Particle Mechanics","volume":"12 1","pages":"759 - 773"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Corrections on radial edge errors of charge and current density deposition for two-dimension radial-axial particle-in-cell simulations","authors":"Xin Luo, Baisheng Wang, Fengkui Zhang, Yinjian Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s40571-024-00847-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40571-024-00847-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Particle-in-cell method takes an important place in plasma research and is widely used in the exploration of physical processes in various plasma devices. In the PIC method, the accuracy of the numerical results significantly depends on the density calculation of the charged particles. Density deposition algorithms for the PIC method in cylindrical coordinate system intrinsically tend to have relatively large errors at the bigger radial edge and axis. A new density deposition correction method is proposed in this paper, which performs a volume correction by calculating the area ratio of cylindrical cells, along with an additional correction factor to further improve the accuracy of density calculation. It is found that this correction factor is a function of the number of particles per cell and the number of radial cells. A set of simulation cases are carried out to provide a table of fitting function coefficients, such that the density calculation errors can be minimized. The determination of coefficients depends on the chosen simulation parameters of the number of particles and radial cells. This new method is compared to the classic Verboncoeur’s correction, and it is shown that the accuracy can be improved by several orders of magnitude.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":524,"journal":{"name":"Computational Particle Mechanics","volume":"12 3","pages":"1411 - 1419"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145167660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liyuan Yu, Tao Zhang, Hongwen Jing, Doudou Fan, Fei Xu, Jiangbo Wei, Wei Li
{"title":"Based on multi-level force chain network analysis: investigation on the mineral volume proportion effect of granite subjected to uniaxial compression","authors":"Liyuan Yu, Tao Zhang, Hongwen Jing, Doudou Fan, Fei Xu, Jiangbo Wei, Wei Li","doi":"10.1007/s40571-024-00851-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40571-024-00851-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To quantitatively analyze the mineral volume proportion effect of the compression characteristics of granites under loading, a novel three-dimensional grain-based model based on particle flow code is proposed to restore the internal structure of granites. The whole force chain network of the sample is divided into multiple levels, and the value, number and orientation distribution of force chains in intragranular/intergranular structures are quantitatively explored. The variation rules of uniaxial compressive strength and micro-cracking behavior of numerical samples with different volume proportion of quartz (<i>V</i><sub>Q</sub>) are analyzed in force chain point of view, and the mineral volume proportion effect on load-bearing capacity and fracture resistance of various structures is quantized. The results show that when the number of contacts is basically unchanged, the decrease in the general force chain (GF) number can characterize the increase in the microcrack number. The orientation distribution of GF is relatively uniform. The overall level of the force chain network increases with the increase of <i>V</i><sub>Q</sub>. The main orientation distribution of the high-strength force chain (HF) is consistent with the loading direction and is orthogonal to that of cracks. The number of HF can well characterize the macroscopic mechanical properties of the sample. This study defines a load-bearing capacity index (<i>P</i><sub>HF/GF</sub>). It is found that <i>P</i><sub>HF/GF</sub> increases with the increase of <i>V</i><sub>Q</sub>, that is, the higher the load-bearing capacity. The relationship between micro-tension strength (<i>σ</i><sub>micro</sub>) and <i>P</i><sub>HF/GF</sub> value is also discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":524,"journal":{"name":"Computational Particle Mechanics","volume":"12 3","pages":"1433 - 1449"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145167658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}