Etude de la Population Africaine最新文献

{"title":"Trends and determinants of neonatal mortality in Uganda: Analysis of the Uganda demographic and health surveys","authors":"John Bosco Asiime, W. Nyegenye, E. Muyingo","doi":"10.11564/34-1-1505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11564/34-1-1505","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Uganda’s neonatal mortality has stagnated at 27 deaths per 1,000 live births over the past decade. Studying consistent factors could inform policy to reduce it. Data Source and Methods : We used Uganda Demographic and Health Surveys (2001 to 2016) in analyses. Results : Children who were not put on breast milk immediately after birth and children of mothers with multiple maternal risk factors were associated with higher odds (3.1 and 2.0 respectively) of neonatal deaths in 2016. The maternal risk factors include: young mothers, too old, short birth intervals or many children. Neonatal deaths was also higher among male compared to female newborns. Conclusion: There is a need to raise awareness about the importance of breastfeeding newborns immediately after birth. Interventions to reduce maternal risk factors are critical to reducing neonatal mortality in Uganda. Programmes need measures that can reduce more neonatal deaths among male than female.","PeriodicalId":52433,"journal":{"name":"Etude de la Population Africaine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49379470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling time-to-discontinuation of exclusive breastfeeding: Analysis of infants and under-2 survival in Nigeria","authors":"O. Oyedele, A. Fagbamigbe, O. Ayeni","doi":"10.11564/34-1-1500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11564/34-1-1500","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Regardless of national and international strategies towards promoting exclusive breastfeeding, only 17% and 35% of infants were exclusively breastfed in 2015 in Nigeria and Worldwide respectively. Therefore, we aim to estimate average length of exclusive breastfeeding for infants and under-2, evaluate and predict maternal impact. Data Source and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study applied NARHS data collected via multistage-cluster random sampling. Count and proportion quantified maternal characteristics, Kaplan-Meier method estimated length of exclusive breastfeeding whereas Cox Proportional Hazard model and Wald-test determine and evaluate maternal effect. Results: Median duration of exclusive breastfeeding was 6.0 months. Locality {P < 0.05 (0.73 – 0.98)} and place-of-delivery {P < 0.01 (1.06 – 1.19)} were the determinant factors. Cox Proportional Hazard model fit the data and Wald-test identified main predictors. Conclusions: Average time at which exclusive breastfeeding was discontinued was six months, mothers’ locality and delivery-place of infants influence exclusive breastfeeding duration in Nigeria. Hence, exclusive breastfeeding interventions should target those factors.","PeriodicalId":52433,"journal":{"name":"Etude de la Population Africaine","volume":"34 1","pages":"5132-5142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46029276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Doctor-patient communication outcomes in two public hospitals in Enugu and Ebonyi States, Nigeria","authors":"Michael O. Ukonu, Chidiebere A. Nwachukwu, O. A. Mgboji","doi":"10.11564/34-1-1498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11564/34-1-1498","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Patient-doctor communication is a critical success factor in ensuring accurate diagnosis and treatment. A patient’s satisfaction with such interaction can have positive impact on health outcomes. This study evaluated patient-doctor communication in two tertiary hospitals in two states in southeast Nigeria. Data Source & Methods: Data were collected with a structured questionnaire from 300 patients in two teaching hospitals. Data were analysed using simple percentages, chi-square test of independence, binary logistic regression and factor analysis. Results: Results indicated low level of satisfaction of patients with the quality of communication with their doctors, the main contributor to their dissatisfaction being ‘doctors’ authoritarian communication style’. Factors that positively predicted patients’ satisfaction were ‘doctors’ communication skills’ (p=.000), ‘patients’ religious, cultural and language anxiety influence on communication’ (p=.000), and ‘democratic communication’ (p=.009). Doctors adopted the paternalistic approach in interacting with patients. Conclusion: Patients reported low level of satisfaction with their doctors’ communicative behaviour. This would necessitate a shift from the paternalistic to the patient-centred communication approach in the two hospitals.","PeriodicalId":52433,"journal":{"name":"Etude de la Population Africaine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46008015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping maternal healthcare access in selected West African Countries","authors":"D. Ononokpono, Bernard Baffour, A. Richardson","doi":"10.11564/34-1-1495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11564/34-1-1495","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) three emphasizes the need to improve maternal and new-born health and reduce the global maternal mortality rate to less than 70 per 100 000 live births by 2030. Achieving the SDG goal 3.1 target will require evidence-based data on the distribution of maternal health outcomes and their linkage to healthcare access. Data and Methods: This study used WorldPop data derived from an integration of satellite, census and household survey. Exploratory spatial analysis techniques were used to examine and visualize the spatial distribution of women of reproductive age (15-19 and 40- 44), live births and pregnancies at the subnational level in three “poor resource” West African countries:  Mali, Guinea and Liberia. Buffer analysis was used to quantify the number of pregnancies within user-defined distances of a health facility. Findings: Results showed wide variations in the distribution of maternal health outcomes across the countries of interest and districts of each of the countries. There was also clustering of maternal health outcomes and health facilities at the urban capital cities of Bamako, Conakry, and Greater Monrovia. A considerable number of pregnancies in most districts of northern Mali, northern and forest regions of Guinea and counties in south-eastern Liberia were not within 50km distance of a health facility, indicating inadequate access to maternal healthcare. Conclusion: To bridge the gap in inequity in healthcare access, and improve maternal and newborn health in the study countries, there is need for equitable distribution of health resources and infrastructure within and across the disadvantaged districts. Background: The Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) three emphasizes the need to improve maternal and new-born health and reduce the global maternal mortality rate to less than 70 per 100 000 live births by 2030. Achieving the SDG goal 3.1 target will require evidence-based data on the distribution of maternal health outcomes and their linkage to healthcare access. Data and Methods: This study used WorldPop data derived from an integration of satellite, census and household survey. Exploratory spatial analysis techniques were used to examine and visualize the spatial distribution of women of reproductive age (15-19 and 40- 44), live births and pregnancies at the subnational level in three “poor resource” West African countries:  Mali, Guinea and Liberia. Buffer analysis was used to quantify the number of pregnancies within user-defined distances of a health facility. Findings: Results showed wide variations in the distribution of maternal health outcomes across the countries of interest and districts of each of the countries. There was also clustering of maternal health outcomes and health facilities at the urban capital cities of Bamako, Conakry, and Greater Monrovia. A considerable number of pregnancies in most districts of northern Mali, northern and forest regions of Guinea and co","PeriodicalId":52433,"journal":{"name":"Etude de la Population Africaine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48050574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nigeria demographic report: the effect of overpopulation on life expectancy","authors":"P. Ekoh, Elizabeth Onyedikachi George, Chukwuemeka Ejimkaraonye","doi":"10.11564/34-1-1496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11564/34-1-1496","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nigeria is considered the most populous country in Africa with an estimated population of 181 million and a median age of 17.9. Nigeria’s young population indicates that fertility rate may keep increasing with the total population increasing exponentially. However, life expectancy in Nigeria is very low accompanied by high mortality rate. Data Source and methods: This study aimed at analysing Nigeria’s demographic data and presenting how Nigeria’s overpopulation is contributing to its low life expectancy. Secondary quantitative data from United Nations Population Division was analysed for the study. Results: Findings showed increasing population growth from 108,011,465 recorded in 1995 to 200,963,599 recorded in 2020, high fertility, high mortality rate and low life expectancy at 53 years. Conclusion: The study made recommendations on policies to regulate Nigeria’s population growth and increase life expectancy of the country.","PeriodicalId":52433,"journal":{"name":"Etude de la Population Africaine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47821292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of onset of fertile life among adolescent girls in Benin, 1996-2017","authors":"Mahouli Mireille-Marie Mintogbé, M. A. Sanni, V. Dougnon, B. Gnoumou, C. Ahoussinou","doi":"10.11564/34-1-1491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11564/34-1-1491","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The issue of early onset of fertile life among adolescent girls remains very current. However, theoretical predictions predict event decline, particularly with the young generations. This study aims to analyse trends and explanatory factors of early onset of fertile life among adolescent girls aged 15 to 19 years in Benin. Data and methods: The study uses Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). The Kaplan Meier method and the Cox proportional risk model were used . Findings: Early onset of fertile life has experienced saw tooth variations between 1996 and 2017. The main risk factors are: education level, age at first sexual intercourse, and socio-economic standard of living. Conclusion: Interventions need to be strengthened and/or reoriented to effectively contribute to reducing the incidence of early onset of fertile life. This will enhance adolescent girls knowledge and skills enabling them to live a healthy, responsible and timely sexual and reproductive life.","PeriodicalId":52433,"journal":{"name":"Etude de la Population Africaine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47050015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traditional religious worldview as persistent driver of healthcare practices in Southeast Nigeria","authors":"Aloysius C. Obiwulu, J. Akah, A. Ajah","doi":"10.11564/34-1-1489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11564/34-1-1489","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Worldviews define reality and stipulate the specific attitudes towards each component of reality.This study assessed how traditional religious worldview in southeast Nigeria has persisted as a driver of healthcare practices in the region. The study was carried out in southeast Nigeria, particularly, Enugu and Anambra States. Data Source and Methods:  Data for the study were collected using a six-item questionnaire administered to 400 respondents, and analyzed using simple percentages. Results: Most of the respondents see ailments as curses from gods/deities, or malicious machinations from evil forces. The predominant initial healthcare practice for ailments such as leg ulcer is to go to a dibia (61%) or to a faith healing home (29%). Conclusion: For health-interventions to succeed in southeast Nigeria, there is need for pre-intervention campaigns. There is also urgent need to proscribe faith healing homes in the region.","PeriodicalId":52433,"journal":{"name":"Etude de la Population Africaine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49067831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing religious practices in Sub-Saharan Africa Insights from a longitudinal study in rural Mali","authors":"Aurélien Dasré, V. Hertrich","doi":"10.11564/34-1-1345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11564/34-1-1345","url":null,"abstract":"In censuses and demographic surveys, religion is recorded as a variable of state, assuming that individuals’ religious affiliation is unique and definitive. However, in sub-Saharan Africa, pluralism are commonplace. In this paper, w e discuss the relevance and feasibility of a statistical approach to religious practices, taking into consideration their complexity and variability over an individual’s lifetime.  We use longitudinal data collected since 25 years in the south-east of Mali, among a population where traditional and Christian religions coexist. We can compare the results of a classic cross-sectional approach with those obtained via a longitudinal approach that takes into consideration individuals’ religious trajectories.  Plurality and variability in religious practices are confirmed. Most individuals, at some point in their lives, become affiliated with different religions. Mobility and reversibility in religious affiliation are common. The relevance of cross-sectional data on religious affiliation for demographic analysis is questionable.","PeriodicalId":52433,"journal":{"name":"Etude de la Population Africaine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47979050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Préférences de fécondité et perception de la planification familiale des migrants temporaires à Dakar","authors":"Yacine Boujija, Laetitia Douillot, V. Delaunay, S. Bignami, Jon Sandberg","doi":"10.11564/34-1-1165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11564/34-1-1165","url":null,"abstract":"Une vaste litterature s’est attardee sur la fecondite des migrants internationaux en les comparant aux non-migrants au lieu de destination. Peu de travaux ont considere les populations d’origine comme reference et encore moins l’ont fait pour des migrants internes. Une telle approche est pourtant pertinente dans un contexte africain ou les clivages demographiques entre regions rurales et urbaines sont encore importants et ou les migrations sont souvent circulaires. En nous attardant sur la zone rurale de Niakhar, nous utilisons les donnees d’une enquete sur les reseaux sociaux, pratiques et croyances individuelles afin d’observer si les normes et preferences de fecondite des migrants temporaires a Dakar different de celles de la population d’origine. Les resultats indiquent des differences legeres pour la connaissance et l’acceptabilite de la planification familiale. Toutefois, les migrants ont un nombre ideal d’enfants plus faible en moyenne que les non-migrants. Nos modeles multivaries suggerent que ces differences s’expliquent principalement par les hypotheses de selection et d’adaptation. *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  * A large literature has focused on the fertility of international migrants by comparing them to non-migrants at the destination. Few studies have considered the original populations as a reference and even less so for internal migrants. However, such an approach is relevant, especially in African contexts where demographic differences between rural and urban areas remain important and where migration is often circular. Focusing on the rural area of Niakhar, we use data from a survey on social networks, individual practices and beliefs to assess whether the fertility norms and preferences of temporary migrants to Dakar differ from those of the population at origin. The results indicate slight differences in the knowledge and acceptability of family planning. However, migrants have an ideal average number of children lower than non-migrants. Our multivariate models suggest that these differences are mainly explained by the selection and adaptation hypotheses.","PeriodicalId":52433,"journal":{"name":"Etude de la Population Africaine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45238443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Education for inclusion: numeracy intervention in second chance education of market women in rural Nigeria","authors":"J. N. Igwe, A. C. Nzeadibe, C. Ugwuanyi","doi":"10.11564/34-1-1458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11564/34-1-1458","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A second chance education intervention was initiated for market women in rural Nigeria, who previously missed opportunity for formal education in their younger ages, with the aim of acquiring and improving basic numeracy skills for inclusion of the women. Data source and methods: Thirty (30) questionnaires on hands-on activity were administered on 30 women purposively selected from the membership list of the association of market women, while 15 other women were similarly sampled to form the control group, giving a total of 45 questionnaires. In-depth interviews, and two focus group discussions (FGDs) comprising 12 volunteer women each were also conducted.  The qualitative data were content analysed while mean, standard deviation, Chi-square and Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used to analyse the quantitative data. Results: Participants have similar socio-demographic characteristics. Over 70% of the respondents were aged less than 40 years while over 50% of the respondents attained primary education. Similarly, 64.4% of the rural women had no opportunity for formal education as adults. Results showed that there were significant effects of hands-on activities on mean ability of rural women in giving balance and stock taking. Conclusions: The second chance education initiative provided an avenue for peer learning and more inclusive and equitable numerical skill development of market women, thus enhancing the prospect of contributing to AU Agenda 2063 and the 4th goal of the post-2015 development agenda.","PeriodicalId":52433,"journal":{"name":"Etude de la Population Africaine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49428758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}