Global Health Research and Policy最新文献

{"title":"The costs, health and economic impact of air pollution control strategies: a systematic review.","authors":"Siyuan Wang, Rong Song, Zhiwei Xu, Mingsheng Chen, Gian Luca Di Tanna, Laura Downey, Stephen Jan, Lei Si","doi":"10.1186/s41256-024-00373-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41256-024-00373-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Air pollution poses a significant threat to global public health. While broad mitigation policies exist, an understanding of the economic consequences, both in terms of health benefits and mitigation costs, remains lacking. This study systematically reviewed the existing economic implications of air pollution control strategies worldwide.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A predefined search strategy, without limitations on region or study design, was employed to search the PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, and CEA registry databases for studies from their inception to November 2023 using keywords such as \"cost-benefit analyses\", \"air pollution\", and \"particulate matter\". Focus was placed on studies that specifically considered the health benefits of air pollution control strategies. The evidence was summarized by pollution control strategy and reported using principle economic evaluation measurements such as net benefits and benefit-cost ratios.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The search yielded 104 studies that met the inclusion criteria. A total of 75, 21, and 8 studies assessed the costs and benefits of outdoor, indoor, and mixed control strategies, respectively, of which 54, 15, and 3 reported that the benefits of the control strategy exceeded the mitigation costs. Source reduction (n = 42) and end-of-pipe treatments (n = 15) were the most commonly employed pollution control methodologies. The association between particulate matter (PM) and mortality was the most widely assessed exposure-effect relationship and had the largest health gains (n = 42). A total of 32 studies employed a broader benefits framework, examining the impacts of air pollution control strategies on the environment, ecology, and society. Of these, 31 studies reported partially or entirely positive economic evidence. However, despite overwhelming evidence in support of these strategies, the studies also highlighted some policy flaws concerning equity, optimization, and uncertainty characterization.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nearly 70% of the reviewed studies reported that the economic benefits of implementing air pollution control strategies outweighed the relative costs. This was primarily due to the improved mortality and morbidity rates associated with lowering PM levels. In addition to health benefits, air pollution control strategies were also associated with other environmental and social benefits, strengthening the economic case for implementation. However, future air pollution control strategy designs will need to address some of the existing policy limitations.</p>","PeriodicalId":52405,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Research and Policy","volume":"9 1","pages":"30"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11337783/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142009892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying the increased risk of illness in malnourished children: a global meta-analysis and propensity score matching approach.","authors":"Mukhtar A Ijaiya, Seun Anjorin, Olalekan A Uthman","doi":"10.1186/s41256-024-00371-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41256-024-00371-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Childhood morbidity and mortality continue to be major public health challenges. Malnutrition increases the risk of morbidity and mortality from illnesses such as acute respiratory infections, diarrhoea, fever, and perinatal conditions in children. This study explored and estimated the magnitude of the associations between childhood malnutrition forms and child morbidity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed an individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis and employed propensity score matching to examine crude (unadjusted) and adjusted associations. Our analysis utilized demographic and health datasets from surveys conducted between 2015 and 2020 in 27 low- and middle-income countries. Our objective was to quantify the risk of morbidity in malnourished children and estimate the population-attributable fraction (PAF) using a natural experimental design with a propensity score-matched cohort.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The IPD meta-analysis of child morbidity across three childhood malnutrition forms presented nuanced results. Children with double-burden malnutrition had a 5% greater risk of morbidity, which was not statistically significant. In contrast, wasted children had a 28% greater risk of morbidity. Overweight children exhibited a 29% lower risk of morbidity. Using the matched sample, children with double-burden malnutrition and overweight children had lower morbidity risks (1.7%, RR: 0.983 (95% CI, 0.95 to 1.02) and 20%, RR: 0.80 (95% CI, 0.76 to 0.85), respectively), while wasting was associated with a 1.1 times (RR: 1.094 (95% CI, 1.05 to 1.14)) greater risk of morbidity. Eliminating double-burden malnutrition and wasting in the four and seven countries with significant positive risk differences could reduce the child morbidity burden by an estimated average of 2.8% and 3.7%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study revealed a correlation between specific childhood malnutrition subtypes-double-burden malnutrition and wasting-and increased risks of morbidity. Conversely, overweight children exhibited a lower risk of immediate morbidity, yet they may face potential long-term health challenges, indicating the necessity for nuanced approaches to childhood nutrition.</p>","PeriodicalId":52405,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Research and Policy","volume":"9 1","pages":"29"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11290152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141861637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The development of a performance evaluation index system for Chinese Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: a Delphi consensus study.","authors":"Huimin Sun, Ying Wang, Huanle Cai, Pengyu Wang, Jie Jiang, Congxing Shi, Yongyue Wei, Yuantao Hao","doi":"10.1186/s41256-024-00367-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41256-024-00367-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The performance evaluation of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is crucial for enhancing the quality of public health services. With the ongoing reform of the CDC system in China, the existing performance evaluation system faces challenges. This study used the Delphi method to develop a new performance evaluation system for China's provincial, city, and county-level CDC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following the \"Structure-Process-Outcome\" model, assessment indicators were systematically collected. Indicators were modified and screened through two Delphi rounds based on CDC responsibilities, health development, and national policies. Twenty-four experts provided ratings and recommendations, and the research team evaluated questionnaire reliability, expert positivity, expert authority, and opinion consistency.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The preliminary index system identified through the literature review and pre-survey included 11 primary, 30 secondary, and 64 tertiary indicators. After the first round of consultation, two secondary indicators and 11 tertiary indicators were removed and 22 tertiary indicators were added. After the second round of consultation, three secondary indicators and 11 tertiary indicators were removed and three tertiary indicators were added, at which point the p-value of the test for Kendall's coefficient of concordance W was < 0.001 and the coefficient of variation was within acceptable limits (< 0.25), so the consultation was concluded. The final index system included 11 primary, 25 secondary, and 67 tertiary indicators.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study responded to the CDC system reform by developing a comprehensive performance evaluation index system for provincial, city, and county-level CDC in China. The index system is both scientifically grounded and practical, serving as an effective tool for promoting the high-quality work of CDC organizations.</p>","PeriodicalId":52405,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Research and Policy","volume":"9 1","pages":"28"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11265441/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141753373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What are they considering when they face a fetus with birth defects? A qualitative study on ethical attitudes of health professionals in China.","authors":"Yanlin Liu, Xiaomin Wang, Junqun Fang, Wei Zhou, Dan Luo","doi":"10.1186/s41256-024-00370-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41256-024-00370-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Birth defects are the leading cause of mortality in newborn babies and children under five years old. In response, the Chinese government has implemented a three-tiered prevention strategy, which has brought ethical concerns about fetuses with birth defects. This study aims to explore the attitudes toward fetuses with birth defects among health professionals engaged in maternal and child health services.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A qualitative study was conducted among 13 health professionals engaged in maternal and child health services in Hunan Province, China. The questions were designed to elicit the participants' work experience and attitudes toward fetuses with birth defects. The data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews, and NVivo 12 was used for data coding and analysis. A thematic analysis approach was employed following the SRQR checklist.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five themes and 13 attributes were generated regarding health professionals' perspectives on fetuses with birth defects. The five themes included: (1) severity and curability of diseases (two attributes), (2) family relations (four attributes), (3) medical assessments (two attributes), (4) social situations (three attributes), (5) self-value orientations (three attributes). The findings showed that the majority of health professionals held the view that a fetus with a curable disease could be born, whereas a fetus with severe disability and teratogenesis should be terminated. Twelve out of the 13 health professionals believed that parents should be the decision-makers, while only one thought that the family should make a decision together.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Attitudes toward birth defects were influenced by various factors, indicating the complexity of real-world cases identified in this study. The findings highlight the dilemmas faced by both families and health professionals regarding birth defects. Adequate medical knowledge and support from society are crucial to inform decision-making among family members. Additionally, standardized norms and policies for birth defects are needed. Establishing an ethics committee for prenatal diagnosis is necessary to address current ethical issues in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":52405,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Research and Policy","volume":"9 1","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11247724/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141621732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving hypertension control in Nigeria: early policy implications from the Hypertension Treatment in Nigeria program.","authors":"Oluwabunmi Ogungbe, Chibuzor Abasilim, Mark D Huffman, Dike Ojji","doi":"10.1186/s41256-024-00368-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41256-024-00368-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypertension poses a significant health burden globally. In Nigeria, hypertension prevalence is on the rise, with low rates of awareness, treatment, and control. This policy brief explores the critical gaps addressed by the Hypertension Treatment in Nigeria (HTN) Program, highlighting its strengths, initial outcomes, and scalability in primary care settings. The HTN Program employs an integrated, multilevel care model based on the World Health Organization's HEARTS technical package, including patient registration and empanelment, team-based care, training and supervision, a standardized treatment protocol, a health information management system, and a drug revolving fund to improve medication accessibility. By December 2023, hypertension treatment and control rates reached surpassing 90% and 50%, respectively, thus underscoring the program's impact. The HTN Program serves as a model for delivering integrated hypertension care in primary care. Results should be leveraged for political commitment and financing to evaluate and manage non-communicable diseases such as hypertension in primary care through federal and state primary health development agencies. Furthermore, incorporating metrics related to hypertension control and treatment into the Integrated Supportive Management Information System can enhance routine monitoring and evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":52405,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Research and Policy","volume":"9 1","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11247806/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141621731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mutual capacity building model for adaptation (MCB-MA): a seven-step procedure bidirectional learning and support during intervention adaptation.","authors":"Helen E Jack, Ali Giusto, Alexandra L Rose, Rukudzo Mwamuka, Imani Brown, Tarisai Bere, Ruth Verhey, Milton Wainberg, Bronwyn Myers, Brandon Kohrt, Gina Wingood, Ralph DiClemente, Jessica F Magidson","doi":"10.1186/s41256-024-00369-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41256-024-00369-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Global health reciprocal innovation emphasizes the movement of technologies or interventions between high- and low-income countries to address a shared public health problem, in contrast to unidirectional models of \"development aid\" or \"reverse innovation\". Evidence-based interventions are frequently adapted from the setting in which they were developed and applied in a new setting, presenting an opportunity for learning and partnership across high- and low-income contexts. However, few clear procedures exist to guide researchers and implementers on how to incorporate equitable and learning-oriented approaches into intervention adaptation across settings. We integrated theories from pedagogy, implementation science, and public health with examples from experience adapting behavioral health interventions across diverse settings to develop a procedure for a bidirectional, equitable process of intervention adaptation across high- and low-income contexts. The Mutual capacity building model for adaptation (MCB-MA) is made up of seven steps: 1) Exploring: A dialogue about the scope of the proposed adaptation and situational appraisal in the new setting; 2) Developing a shared vision: Agreeing on common goals for the adaptation; 3) Formalizing: Developing agreements around resource and data sharing; 4) Sharing complementary expertise: Group originating the intervention supporting the adapting group to learn about the intervention and develop adaptations, while gleaning new strategies for intervention implementation from the adapting group; 5) Reciprocal training: Originating and adapting groups collaborate to train the individuals who will be implementing the adapted intervention; 6) Mutual feedback: Originating and adapting groups share data and feedback on the outcomes of the adapted intervention and lessons learned; and 7) Consideration of next steps: Discuss future collaborations. This evidence-informed procedure may provide researchers with specific actions to approach the often ambiguous and challenging task of equitable partnership building. These steps can be used alongside existing intervention adaptation models, which guide the adaptation of the intervention itself.</p>","PeriodicalId":52405,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Research and Policy","volume":"9 1","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11218126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141494241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strengthening access to cancer medicines for children in East Africa: policy options to enhance medicine procurement, forecasting, and regulations.","authors":"Kadia Petricca, Laura Carson, Joyce Kambugu, Avram Denburg","doi":"10.1186/s41256-024-00365-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41256-024-00365-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gaps in access to quality essential medicines remain a major impediment to the effective care of children with cancer in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). The World Health Organization reports that less than 30% of LMICs have consistent availability of childhood cancer medicines, compared to over 95% in high-income countries. Information provided within this policy brief is drawn from a review of the literature and a mixed-methods study published in the Lancet Oncology that analyzed determinants of cancer medicine access for children in Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, and Rwanda. Three key policy options are presented to guide strategic policy direction and critical health system planning for strengthening access to cancer medicines for children: pooled procurement, evidence-based forecasting, and regional harmonization of regulatory processes. Enhancing regional pooled procurement to address fragmented markets and improve medicine supply, investing in health information systems for improved forecasting and planning of childhood cancer medicine needs, and promoting regulatory harmonization to streamline medicine approval and quality assurance across East Africa are recommended. This policy brief is intended for policymakers, clinicians, and health-system planners involved in the procurement, supply chain management, policy and financing of childhood cancer medicines.</p>","PeriodicalId":52405,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Research and Policy","volume":"9 1","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11218261/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141477951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burden and trends of infectious disease mortality attributed to air pollution, unsafe water, sanitation, and hygiene, and non-optimal temperature globally and in different socio-demographic index regions.","authors":"Qiao Liu, Jie Deng, Wenxin Yan, Chenyuan Qin, Min Du, Yaping Wang, Shimo Zhang, Min Liu, Jue Liu","doi":"10.1186/s41256-024-00366-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41256-024-00366-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Environmental factors greatly impact infectious disease-related mortality, yet there's a lack of comprehensive global studies on the contemporary burden and trends. This study aims to evaluate the global burden and trends of infectious disease mortality caused by air pollution, unsafe water, poor sanitation, and non-optimal temperature across Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) regions from 1990 to 2019.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This observational study utilized data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study to examine mortality rates from infectious diseases attributed to environmental risk factors between 1990 and 2019, including air pollution, unsafe water, sanitation, handwashing facilities (UWSH), and non-optimal temperatures. Age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) were utilized to present infectious disease mortality, and its trajectory influenced by environmental risk factors over the years. Nonlinear regression was conducted to explore the association between the SDI and ASMRs across regions from 1990 to 2019.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2019, global infectious disease deaths linked to air pollution, UWSH, and non-optimal temperature reached a startling 2,556,992. Disease mortality varied widely across SDI regions, with the highest number of deaths due to air pollution and UWSH in Low SDI regions, and deaths from non-optimal temperature primarily in High SDI regions. Age disparities emerged, with children under five and the elderly most affected. However, an increasing mortality trend was observed among seniors (65-69, 75-79, and over 80) in High SDI regions due to enteric infections linked to UWSH. Globally, a consistent decrease in ASMR was seen from 1990 to 2019 for all diseases connected to these factors, except for respiratory infections linked to non-optimal temperature.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study underscores the significant impact of air pollution, UWSH, and non-optimal temperatures on global infectious disease mortality, particularly among vulnerable groups such as children and the elderly. It's important to tackle these challenges with targeted interventions aiming to enhance environmental quality, improve water and sanitation systems, and control extreme temperatures. In addition, international cooperation is essential for bridging regional disparities and driving global public health initiatives forward, thereby helping achieve Sustainable Development Goals more effectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":52405,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Research and Policy","volume":"9 1","pages":"23"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11212388/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141472532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social deprivation and spatial clustering of childhood asthma in Australia.","authors":"Jahidur Rahman Khan, Raghu Lingam, Louisa Owens, Katherine Chen, Shivanthan Shanthikumar, Steve Oo, Andre Schultz, John Widger, K Shuvo Bakar, Adam Jaffe, Nusrat Homaira","doi":"10.1186/s41256-024-00361-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41256-024-00361-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory illness among children in Australia. While childhood asthma prevalence varies by region, little is known about variations at the small geographic area level. Identifying small geographic area variations in asthma is critical for highlighting hotspots for targeted interventions. This study aimed to investigate small area-level variation, spatial clustering, and sociodemographic risk factors associated with childhood asthma prevalence in Australia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data on self-reported (by parent/carer) asthma prevalence in children aged 0-14 years at statistical area level 2 (SA2, small geographic area) and selected sociodemographic features were extracted from the national Australian Household and Population Census 2021. A spatial cluster analysis was used to detect hotspots (i.e., areas and their neighbours with higher asthma prevalence than the entire study area average) of asthma prevalence. We also used a spatial Bayesian Poisson model to examine the relationship between sociodemographic features and asthma prevalence. All analyses were performed at the SA2 level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data were analysed from 4,621,716 children aged 0-14 years from 2,321 SA2s across the whole country. Overall, children's asthma prevalence was 6.27%, ranging from 0 to 16.5%, with significant hotspots of asthma prevalence in areas of greater socioeconomic disadvantage. Socioeconomically disadvantaged areas had significantly higher asthma prevalence than advantaged areas (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.10, 95% credible interval [CrI] 1.06-1.14). Higher asthma prevalence was observed in areas with a higher proportion of Indigenous individuals (PR = 1.13, 95% CrI 1.10-1.17).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We identified significant geographic variation in asthma prevalence and sociodemographic predictors associated with the variation, which may help in designing targeted asthma management strategies and considerations for service enhancement for children in socially deprived areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":52405,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Research and Policy","volume":"9 1","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11194868/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141443750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between intimate partner violence and women's labor market outcomes in Nigeria.","authors":"Derek S Brown, Samantha McNelly, Melissa Meinhart, Ibrahim Sesay, Catherine Poulton, Lindsay Stark","doi":"10.1186/s41256-024-00362-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41256-024-00362-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Little is known regarding economic impacts of intimate partner violence (IPV) in humanitarian settings, especially the labor market burden. Examining costs of IPV beyond the health burden may provide new information to help with resource allocation for addressing IPV, including within conflict zones. This paper measures the incidence and prevalence of different types of IPV, the potential relationship between IPV and labor market activity, and estimating the cost of these IPV-associated labor market differentials.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The association between labor market outcomes, IPV experience, and conflict exposure among women ages 15-49 in Nigeria were studied using the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey and 2013-17 Uppsala Conflict Data Program data. Descriptive analysis was used to identify patterns of IPV and labor outcomes by region. Based on this, multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between labor market participation and lifetime IPV exposure. These models were combined with earnings data from the United Nations Human Development Report 2021/2022 and a top-down costing approach to quantify the impacts in terms of lost productivity to the Nigerian economy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Substantial differences in IPV exposure and labor market outcomes were found between conflict and non-conflict-affected areas. Women with past year or lifetime exposure to physical, emotional, or \"any\" IPV were more likely to withdraw from the labor market in the past year, although no differences were found for sexual IPV or conflict-affected regions. We estimate an average reduction of 4.14% in the likelihood of working, resulting in nearly $3.0 billion USD of lost productivity, about 1% of Nigeria's total economic output.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Increased odds of labor market withdraw were associated with several measures of IPV. Withdrawal from the formal labor market sector has a substantial associated economic cost for all of Nigerian society. If stronger prevention measures reduce the incidence of IPV against women in Nigeria, a substantial portion of lost economic costs likely could be reclaimed. These costs underscore the economic case, alongside the moral imperative, for stronger protections against IPV for girls and women in Nigeria.</p>","PeriodicalId":52405,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Research and Policy","volume":"9 1","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11188153/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141428288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}