Journal of People, Plants, and Environment最新文献

{"title":"Growth Characteristics of Hemerocallis thunbergii Baker Seedlings depending on Cell Size in Sowing using Plug Trays","authors":"Sunyeob Park, Y. Yoon, J. Ju","doi":"10.11628/ksppe.2022.25.5.491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11628/ksppe.2022.25.5.491","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: This study was conducted to determine the appropriate cell size, and days after sowing seeds by examining the growth of Hemerocallis thunbergii Baker (HTB) seedlings using plug trays.Methods: The growth of seedlings was examined after sowing seeds in four types of plug trays (143, 70, 18, 13 mL/cell). The sown trays were placed in a greenhouse for three repetitions per treatment. The seedling growth were measured at intervals of one month after sowing.Results: The leaf width and root length increased in proportion to the cell size, and at 90 days after sowing the highest leaf number was observed in the 143 mL/cell plug tray, followed in order by 18, 13, and 70 mL/cell plug tray. The longest leaf length was found in the 70 mL/cell plug trays, followed in order by the 70, 18, 143, and 13 mL/cell plug trays, but there was no significant difference except in 13 mL/cell plug trays. By analyzing the plant water content (PWC) of the shoots and roots, it was found that the PWC of the root system increased as the cell size increased, compared to that of the shoots, and there was a significant difference according to the cell size.Conclusion: Compared with the 143 mL cell plug tray, which had the largest cell size among the other treatment groups, the leaf number increased only for the 18 mL cell plug tray, there was no significant difference from 143 mL cell plug tray, and the leaf length was rather longer. Therefore, considering the actual production period and economic efficiency of raising the seedlings, it is considered that nursery period of 60 days or more is appropriate for HTB based on 18 mL/cell in sowing in plug trays.","PeriodicalId":52383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of People, Plants, and Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47134655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Difference in Emotional Evaluation according to the Preference of Coleus Cultivars","authors":"H. Jang, J. Suh, Yun-Im Kang, Kyung-H. Seo, M. Ahn","doi":"10.11628/ksppe.2022.25.5.475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11628/ksppe.2022.25.5.475","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: This study investigated the preferences and repurchase intentions (loyalty) of respondents to 8 coleus (Coleus scutellarioides) cultivars potentially useful for tropical style streetscapes.Methods: A survey was conducted on 148 general respondents, and the responses from 136 respondents were analyzed excluding 12 inappropriate copies.Results: Through demographic analysis on plant gardening experience, plant preference tendency, and plant-related event, we discovered that plant preference tendency was lowest in the 20s and highest in the 60s and above, indicating that plant preference tendency significantly increased with age. Out of 6 factors on perceived importance of plants, environmental and emotional relaxation for improved quality of life were high. As a result of examining the emotional responses felt by looking at the images of 8 coleus cultivars, there was a statistically significant difference among cultivars. Major emotional words were 'calm' and 'comfortable'. There was a positive correlation between loyalty to coleus, preference, Korean version of WHOQOL-BREF, plant gardening activity level, and the importance of plants, and a negative correlation with PSS-K (Korean Perceived Stress Scale). We conducted a multiple regression analysis including dummy variables to examine the effect of plant gardening activity level, PSS-K, and Korean version of WHOQOL-BREF on loyalty of survey respondents. The results showed that the effect was greatest in the order of plant-related event, physical health domain, age (50's), covers, environment domain, male, and age (30's).Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that coleus could mitigate the psychological stress and depression. As 'Lime Delight' with simple green color showed the highest preference among cultivars, we recommend a green cultivar from the psychological point of view rather than combination planting of multi-colored cultivars.","PeriodicalId":52383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of People, Plants, and Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44937296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing the Effect of River Ecosystem Fragmentation by Bridges on Changes in the Wintering Population of Whooper Swans (Cygnus cygnus): Targeting the Nakdong River, Busan","authors":"Soo-Dong Lee, C. Oh, Bong-Gyo Cho, Mindong Jin, Gyoung-Sik Park","doi":"10.11628/ksppe.2022.25.5.457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11628/ksppe.2022.25.5.457","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Fragmentation of river ecosystems is expected to affect biodiversity loss, but bridge construction is proceeding without consideration in urban areas. This study was conducted to determine the effect of internal environmental factors and river ecosystem fragmentation caused by bridge construction on the population of wintering whooper swans (Cygnus cygnus) in the Nakdong River of Busan Metropolitan City, a key wintering site for whooper swans.Methods: To compare the wintering population according to the distance between bridges, we surveyed and analyzed the current status of the population by period, distance between bridges, and land cover. One-way ANOVA and post-hoc test were conducted to confirm whether the differences in the environmental factors of the wintering sites, such as the distance between bridges, land cover status, and the number of wintering individuals, were statistically significant.Results: 83.6-94.7% of the wintering population in the lower Nakdong River were observed in Sec. 2 (Nakdong River Estuary Bank-Seobusan Nakdong River Bridge, 5.3 km) and Sec.4 (Gamjeon-Iron Bridge-Nakdong River Hwaengdansugwan Bridge, 3.6 km). As for the distance between the feeding and resting places of whooper swans and the bridges, whooper swans used the waterside and wetlands at an average distance of 1,147.5 m (10.9-2,611.2 m) from the bridge.Conclusion: Considering the weight of male swans and the presence of young individuals, as well as disturbance factors such as the noise and speed of vehicles crossing the bridges, it is necessary to maintain at least a 4 km distance between bridges for stable wintering. In addition, since fragmentation of river ecosystems has been confirmed to have an adverse effect on biodiversity, it would be desirable to keep the ecosystem intact and connected.","PeriodicalId":52383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of People, Plants, and Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47495531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Plant Spacing with Companion Plants on Growth and Fruit Quality of Cherry Tomatoes","authors":"B. Lee, H. Yun, In-Kyoung Hong, Young-Bin Jung, Sang-Mi Lee, Sang-Deok Lee","doi":"10.11628/ksppe.2022.25.4.349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11628/ksppe.2022.25.4.349","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: This study was conducted to identify various factors of plant spacing for the growth and fruit quality of cherry tomatoes and to contribute to urban agriculture by improving quality and providing appropriate fertilization methods.Methods: French marigold (Tagetes patula, T), zinnia (Zinnia elegans, Z), spearmint (Mentha spicata, M), and basil (Ocimum basilicum, O), which have a combination effect with cherry tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum), were selected and tested by applying 10, 20, and 40 cm of plant spacing. Cherry tomatoes were planted in the middle of the furrow without companion plants, repeated three times for each experimental section. The growth survey included plant height, stem thickness, total number of fruits per plant, total fresh weight of fruits, fruit hardness, sugar content, and vitamin C. The inorganic constituents of plants were divided into roots, stems, and leaves.Results: There were statistical differences in stem thickness and total number of fruits per plant. However, there were no statistical differences in plant height, total fresh weight of fruits, sugar content, fruit hardness, and vitamin C. Stem thickness was lower in M20, M40, O20, and O40 compared to the control group. The total number of fruits per plant was higher than the control group in only Z40. The inorganic constituents of cherry tomatoes showed statistical significance. After the experiment, the highest sodium content was found in Z40.Conclusion: This study was conducted to provide convenience in soil and crop management by analyzing various factors to find out the effect of companion plants and plant spacing on the growth and fruit quality of cherry tomatoes. As a result, the most effective way to improve growth and quality of cherry tomatoes is to plant them with zinnia within 40 cm of plant spacing.","PeriodicalId":52383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of People, Plants, and Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45825978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping the Mangrove Forest Restoration Potential and Conservation Gaps in China Based on Random Forest Model","authors":"Zhonghua Yu, Wei Li, Shaowei Zhang, Buqing Zhong, J. Wang, Shi-Young Lee, Jaehyuck Choi, Shulin Deng","doi":"10.11628/ksppe.2022.25.4.425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11628/ksppe.2022.25.4.425","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: The area of mangroves is gradually decreasing globally, and mangroves are already one of the most threatened ecosystems. Despite net growth in the mangrove areas in China, the restoration potential of mangroves is still insufficient. This study proposed the Random forest model as an excellent data mining method to map the restoration potential based on the predicted probability of mangrove habitat suitability.Methods: We demonstrated the vital environmental variables influencing habitat suitability. The de-cisive advantages of RFM were parsimonious (variables selection), cost-effective (us-ing existing open-source data), accurate (training AUC was 0.89, testing AUC was 0.91), highly efficient (fast-training speed); and its results had high explanatory power. Here, we first mapped the conservation gaps using the RFM.Results: The results showed that temperature was the most important environmental factor influencing the habitat suit-ability of mangroves. The northern limit of suitable areas was around 24°44' N. The theoretical suitable habitat area for mangrove was 196,566.6 ha (the highly suitable area was 32,551.4 ha, the medium suitable area was 164,015.2 ha). The potential area for mangrove restoration was 176,264 ha (Guangdong with 104215.4 ha, Guangxi with 65957.5 ha).Conclusion: We proposed 24 sites with conservation gaps for mangrove forests restoration and nine potential sites as examples for the further restoration plan. We took one example site with high restoration potential for further explanation: how the key environmental factors influence the habitat suitability and how to use the infor-mation to guide the restoration strategies. RFM can be used as a data mining algo-rithm for the utmost use of the presence-only ecological data, objectively evaluating the suitability of species distribution, and providing scientifically technical data for species restoration planning.","PeriodicalId":52383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of People, Plants, and Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42298634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Awareness and Demand Survey on Agro-Healing Among Adults with Symptoms of Stress","authors":"Yun-Jin Kim, Seon-Ok Kim, Na-Yoon Choi, Seok-Hee Ryu, Sin-Ae Park","doi":"10.11628/ksppe.2022.25.4.385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11628/ksppe.2022.25.4.385","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: This study conducted an awareness and demand survey on agro-healing for the purpose of preparing basic data for developing agro-healing programs and improving service quality to heal the mental health of people with symptoms of stress.Methods: In order to conduct this study, a questionnaire consisting of 23 items was developed to investigate the awareness and demand for agro-healing. The survey was conducted online on adults in their 20s and 30s showing symptoms of stress. A total of 225 copies of the questionnaire were collected, and 183 copies were finally used for analysis.Results: The survey results showed that 66.1% of the respondents were 'not aware at all' and 33.9% were 'aware' of agro-healing. Regarding the experience of participating in agro-healing, 68.3% of the respondents said they had 'no experience' and 31.7% said they had 'experience'. Among the respondents with experience, the most common purpose of participation was 'experience' (31.0%), followed by 'education' (27.6%), 'leisure' (20.7%), 'healing' (10.3%), and 'recreation' (5.1%). The intent to participate in agro-healing was rated on a 5-point Likert scale, and 'forest healing' scored 4.0 points, 'horticultural therapy' 3.8 points, 'animal-assisted therapy' 3.8 points, and 'agricultural work healing' 3.2 points. The points to be improved when using the agro-healing service are 'lack of various promotional contents' (73.8%), 'lack of education and training programs' (13.7%), 'lack of partnership with the government' (7.1%), and 'lack of consideration for the underprivileged' (5.5%). 74.3% of the respondents said it is necessary to implement and systemize agro-healing policies, 21.3% said it was 'moderate', and 4.3% said it was 'unnecessary', indicating that there was high awareness of the need to implement agro-healing service policies.Conclusion: This study is expected to provide basic data for effective agro-healing services to treat the mental health of people with stress symptoms and be used as a reference material for making policy suggestions to establish an organized agro-healing system.","PeriodicalId":52383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of People, Plants, and Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42387536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selection of Companion Plants for Pest Control of Cruciferous Crops","authors":"In-Kyoung Hong, H. Yun, Young-Bin Jung, Sang-Mi Lee, Sang-Deok Lee","doi":"10.11628/ksppe.2022.25.4.337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11628/ksppe.2022.25.4.337","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: This study was conducted to determine the types of pests that occur in spring and autumn on three types of cruciferous vegetables, which are host plants, and investigate the actual effect by selecting companion plants with pest control effects.Methods: This study selected 3 types of cruciferous crops and 17 types of companion plants through literature review to investigate the types of pests and damage index occurring in spring and autumn. After examining the number of pests that occur per 10 plants on a weekly basis, the mean and standard deviation were calculated using the IBM SPSS statistics Ver. 25 program.Results: There was little damage to pests in 17 types of herbs, flowers, and vegetables. When grown together with cruciferous vegetables, 8 types of herbs, 5 types of vegetables, and 4 types of flowers showed little pest damage. In particular, companion plants that suffered less pest damage were catnip, chamomile, thyme, and nasturtium in spring cultivation and thyme, basil, catnip, chamomile, rosemary, and marigold in autumn cultivation. Shoot growth of Kimchi cabbage and white radish in the experimental group planted with vegetables was 148-181% of the control group using conventional cultivation but companion planting with rosemary, nasturtium, and marigold showed less growth than the control group, especially the experimental group planted with rosemary, which showed 45-53% of growth compared to the control group. The companion plants with good growth in the root of white radish were celery, beet, basil, and marigold. There was little difference in the degree of pest damage to crops between the central planting with a few companion crops and the parallel, alternate, and perimeter planting with many companion crops.Conclusion: Pests can be managed effectively with a pest management technique that utilizes the pull effect based on the interaction between frequently occurring pest types and companion plants.","PeriodicalId":52383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of People, Plants, and Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47649218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study on Carbon Sequestration Index as a Tool to Determine the Potential of Greenbelt","authors":"Tamanna Parida, S. Riyazuddin, Sailesh Ram Agnihotri, Suresh Kumar Kolli, N. Srinivas","doi":"10.11628/ksppe.2022.25.4.371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11628/ksppe.2022.25.4.371","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Carbon is crucial in the biological world, especially in plants. It helps grow plants and stores the absorbed carbon in terms of biomass. In the biogeochemical cycle, carbon gets neutralized in the environment. The increase in population is responsible for the amplified concertation of greenhouse gas (GHG) into the atmosphere, which leads to maximized CO2 concentration, and consequences global temperatures. Trees play a critical role in the sequestration of carbon from the atmosphere. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the potential of carbon sequestration in urban roadside tree species using the Carbon Sequestration Index as a tool (CSI).Methods: Biophysical estimations such as diameter at breast height (DBH), height, and above and below-ground biomass were measured to assess the carbon sequestration potential of a tree.Results: Results revealed that the potential species present in large numbers are Pongamia pinnata, Azadirachta indica, and Spathodea campanulata. Based on Carbon Sequestration Index results, it is found that Pongamia pinnata and Azadirachta indica act as keystone species in this area and are better than others in removing GHG emissions. The study has also considered the requirement of a total number of trees to neutralize the whole GHG emission of the study area.Conclusion: The total GHG emission of our study area is 39599 kg/yr, where 1041 trees are present inside the boundary, and the entire carbon sequestration is 475921.5 kg/yr. Only 86 trees are sufficient to offset the total GHG emission from this area, whereas 955 trees are surplus for this place.","PeriodicalId":52383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of People, Plants, and Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42277546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pilot Study on the Physio-psychological Effects of Botanical Gardens on the Prefrontal Cortex Activity in an Adult Male Group","authors":"M. Kang, Seungju Kim, Juyoung Lee","doi":"10.11628/ksppe.2022.25.4.413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11628/ksppe.2022.25.4.413","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: With modern lifestyles and the increasing severity of stress-related diseases, the availability and accessibility of the natural environment are critical. Botanical gardens in an urban area can provide opportunities for city dwellers to experience nature and enjoy stress-reducing activities. This study focused on the health-related effects of botanical gardens by investigating prefrontal cortical activity and changes in psychological states.Methods: The experiment was conducted in a national botanical garden located in the city of Sejong, and in an urban area of a contrasting city. Nine healthy adult males participated in the field experiment. Subjects were instructed to 'see and feel' the landscape in a sitting position for 10 minutes, both in the botanical garden and in the city center. The health effects of botanical gardens were verified using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS), including changes in cerebral blood flow, and Profile of Mood State (POMS) and Perceived Restoration Scale (PRS).Results: Our findings showed that the oxyhemoglobin concentrations in the left prefrontal cortex were considerably lower in the botanical garden (-0.057 ± 0.003 µM) than in the city center (0.162 ± 0.002 µM, p < .001). Significantly positive psychological responses to the garden environment were found in the analysis of POMS and PRS, compared to the urban setting. These findings may indicate that a botanical garden can reduce negative psychological symptoms and physiological stress levels in adult males.Conclusion: Our study proves that botanical gardens have the environmental characteristics of restorative and therapeutic spaces. The findings indicated that urban gardens could be considered as health-improving environments by reducing the physio-psychological stress levels of urban dwellers.","PeriodicalId":52383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of People, Plants, and Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45862049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Germination and Growth Characteristics of Perilla frutescens and Nutrients by the Mixed Seeding Rate of Medicago sativa in Indoor Urban Agriculture","authors":"J. Ju, Hyojung Jin, Y. Yoon","doi":"10.11628/ksppe.2022.25.4.363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11628/ksppe.2022.25.4.363","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: This study aims to provide basic data to investigate an efficient and stable environment for indoor urban agriculture by comparing plant growth depending on seeding rate and media nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium) using leguminous plant <i>Medicago sativa</i> favorable for nitrogen fixation and Lamiaceae plant <i>Perilla frutescens</i> in indoor urban agriculture.Methods: To investigate plant growth by mixed seeding rate, this study set up 6 treatments: single seeding of <i>M. sativa</i> (AC); 2 : 1 <i>M. sativa</i> to <i>P. frutescens</i> (A₂P₁); 1 : 1 <i>M. sativa</i> to <i>P. frutescens</i> (A₁P₁); 1 : 2 <i>M. sativa</i> to <i>P. frutescens</i> (A₁P₂) and single seeding of <i>P. frutescens</i> (PC). Experimental plastic containers were completely randomized designed with 9 replications for each seeding rate. Nutrient content of the media and germination and growth parameters of <i>P. frutescens</i> were measured.Results: The nitrogen and phosphorous contents in the media were the highest in the AC treatment, and potassium did not differ according to the mixed seeding rate. Germination percentage and velocity were highest in order of A₁P₂ > PC > A₂P₁ > A₁P₁ > AC due to interspecies competition. Growth of <i>P. frutescens</i> was increased with the increasing seeding rate, whereas biomass was higher in A₂P₁ compared to other treatments.Conclusion: Our results indicated that the 2:1 seeding rate of <i>M. sativa</i> and <i>P. frutescens</i> was a more effective way to achieve high plant growth and productivity. These results suggest that mixed seeding can promote the interaction of positive neighbor effects in indoor urban agriculture.","PeriodicalId":52383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of People, Plants, and Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46037691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}