David Peeney , Yu Fan , Sadeechya Gurung , Carolyn Lazaroff , Shashikala Ratnayake , Andrew Warner , Baktiar Karim , Daoud Meerzaman , William G. Stetler-Stevenson
{"title":"Whole organism profiling of the Timp gene family","authors":"David Peeney , Yu Fan , Sadeechya Gurung , Carolyn Lazaroff , Shashikala Ratnayake , Andrew Warner , Baktiar Karim , Daoud Meerzaman , William G. Stetler-Stevenson","doi":"10.1016/j.mbplus.2023.100132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mbplus.2023.100132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs/Timps) are an endogenous family of widely expressed matrisome-associated proteins that were initially identified as inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase activity (Metzincin family proteases). Consequently, TIMPs are often considered simply as protease inhibitors by many investigators. However, an evolving list of new metalloproteinase-independent functions for TIMP family members suggests that this concept is outdated. These novel TIMP functions include direct agonism/antagonism of multiple transmembrane receptors, as well as functional interactions with matrisome targets. While the family was fully identified over two decades ago, there has yet to be an in-depth study describing the expression of TIMPs in normal tissues of adult mammals. An understanding of the tissues and cell-types that express TIMPs 1 through 4, in both normal and disease states are important to contextualize the growing functional capabilities of TIMP proteins, which are often dismissed as non-canonical. Using publicly available single cell RNA sequencing data from the Tabula Muris Consortium, we analyzed approximately 100,000 murine cells across eighteen tissues from non-diseased organs, representing seventy-three annotated cell types, to define the diversity in Timp gene expression across healthy tissues. We describe the unique expression profiles across tissues and organ-specific cell types that all four Timp genes display. Within annotated cell-types, we identify clear and discrete cluster-specific patterns of Timp expression, particularly in cells of stromal and endothelial origins. RNA in-situ hybridization across four organs expands on the scRNA sequencing analysis, revealing novel compartments associated with individual Timp expression. These analyses emphasize a need for specific studies investigating the functional significance of Timp expression in the identified tissues and cell sub-types. This understanding of the tissues, specific cell types and microenvironment conditions in which Timp genes are expressed adds important physiological context to the growing array of novel functions for TIMP proteins.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52317,"journal":{"name":"Matrix Biology Plus","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10121480/pdf/main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9743704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kelsey Y. Gsell , Samuel P. Veres , Laurent Kreplak
{"title":"Single collagen fibrils isolated from high stress and low stress tendons show differing susceptibility to enzymatic degradation by the interstitial collagenase matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1)","authors":"Kelsey Y. Gsell , Samuel P. Veres , Laurent Kreplak","doi":"10.1016/j.mbplus.2023.100129","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mbplus.2023.100129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bovine forelimb flexor and extensor tendons serve as a model for examining high stress, energy storing and low stress, positional tendons, respectively. Previous research has shown structural differences between the collagen fibrils of these tissues. The nanoscale collagen fibrils of flexor tendons are smaller in size, more heavily crosslinked, and respond differently to mechanical loading. Meanwhile, energy storing tendons undergo less collagen turnover compared to positional tendons and are more commonly injured. These observations raise the question of whether collagen fibril structure influences the collagen degradation processes necessary for remodelling. Atomic force microscopy was used to image dry collagen fibrils before and after 5-hour exposure to matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) to detect changes in fibril size. Collagen fibrils from three tissue types were studied: bovine superficial digital flexor tendons, matched-pair bovine lateral digital extensor tendons, and rat tail tendons. Compared to control fibrils exposed only to buffer, a significant decrease in fibril cross-sectional area (CSA) following MMP-1 exposure was observed for bovine extensor and rat tail fibrils, with larger fibrils experiencing a greater magnitude of CSA decrease in both fibril types. Fibrils from bovine flexor tendons, on the other hand, showed no decrease in CSA when exposed to MMP-1. The result did not appear to be linked to the small size of flexor fibrils, as equivalently sized extensor fibrils were readily degraded by the enzyme. Increased proteolytic resistance of collagen fibrils from high stress tendons may help to explain the longevity of collagen within these tissues <em>in vivo</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52317,"journal":{"name":"Matrix Biology Plus","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10006499/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9465323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ross P. Wohlgemuth , Ryan M. Feitzinger , Kyle E. Henricson , Daryl T. Dinh , Sarah E. Brashear , Lucas R. Smith
{"title":"The extracellular matrix of dystrophic mouse diaphragm accounts for the majority of its passive stiffness and is resistant to collagenase digestion","authors":"Ross P. Wohlgemuth , Ryan M. Feitzinger , Kyle E. Henricson , Daryl T. Dinh , Sarah E. Brashear , Lucas R. Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.mbplus.2023.100131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mbplus.2023.100131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The healthy skeletal muscle extracellular matrix (ECM) has several functions including providing structural integrity to myofibers, enabling lateral force transmission, and contributing to overall passive mechanical properties. In diseases such as Duchenne Muscular dystrophy, there is accumulation of ECM materials, primarily collagen, which results in fibrosis. Previous studies have shown that fibrotic muscle is often stiffer than healthy muscle, in part due to the increased number and altered architecture of collagen fibers within the ECM. This would imply that the fibrotic matrix is stiffer than the healthy matrix. However, while previous studies have attempted to quantify the extracellular contribution to passive stiffness in muscle, the outcomes are dependent on the type of method used. Thus, the goals of this study were to compare the stiffness of healthy and fibrotic muscle ECM and to demonstrate the efficacy of two methods for quantifying extracellular-based stiffness in muscle, namely decellularization and collagenase digestion. These methods have been demonstrated to remove the muscle fibers or ablate collagen fiber integrity, respectively, while maintaining the contents of the extracellular matrix. Using these methods in conjunction with mechanical testing on wildtype and D2.<em>mdx</em> mice, we found that a majority of passive stiffness in the diaphragm is dependent on the ECM, and the D2.<em>mdx</em> diaphragm ECM is resistant to digestion by bacterial collagenase. We propose that this resistance is due to the increased collagen cross-links and collagen packing density in the ECM of the D2.<em>mdx</em> diaphragm. Taken altogether, while we did not find increased stiffness of the fibrotic ECM, we did observe that the D2.<em>mdx</em> diaphragm conveyed resistance against collagenase digestion. These findings demonstrate how different methods for measuring ECM-based stiffness each have their own limitations and can produce different results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52317,"journal":{"name":"Matrix Biology Plus","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9b/47/main.PMC10036937.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9198921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Presence of type IIB procollagen in mouse articular cartilage and growth plate is revealed by immuno-histochemical analysis with a novel specific antibody","authors":"Emeline Perrier-Groult, Shérine Moustaghfir, Marielle Pasdeloup, Jean-Daniel Malcor, Jérôme Lafont, Frédéric Mallein-Gerin","doi":"10.1016/j.mbplus.2023.100130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mbplus.2023.100130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Type II collagen is the major fibrillar collagen in cartilage. It is synthesized in the form of precursors (procollagens) containing N- and C-terminal propeptides. The two main isoforms of type II procollagen protein are type IIA and type IIB procollagens, generated in a developmentally regulated manner by differential splicing of the primary gene transcript. Isoform IIA contains exon 2 and is produced mainly by chondroprogenitor cells while isoform IIB lacks exon 2 and is produced by differentiated chondrocytes. Thus, expression of IIA and IIB isoforms are reliable markers for identifying the differentiation status of chondrocytes but their biological function in the context of skeletal development is still not yet fully understood. Specific antibodies against IIA and IIB procollagen isoforms are already available. In this study, a synthetic peptide spanning the junction between exon 1 and exon 3 of the murine sequence was used as an immunogen to generate a novel rabbit polyclonal antibody directed against procollagen IIB. Characterization of this antibody by Western-blotting analysis of murine cartilage extracts and ELISA tests demonstrated its specificity to the type IIB isoform. Furthermore, by immunohistochemical studies, this antibody allowed the detection of procollagen IIB in embryonic cartilage as well as in articular cartilage and growth plate of young adult mice. Interestingly, this is the first antibody that has allowed the detection of procollagen IIB at both the intra- and extracellular level. This antibody therefore represents an interesting new tool for monitoring the spatial and temporal distribution of IIB isoforms in skeletal tissues of mouse models and for tracking the trafficking and processing of type IIB procollagen.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52317,"journal":{"name":"Matrix Biology Plus","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7f/10/main.PMC10024168.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9153829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The glycocalyx: Pathobiology and repair","authors":"Jillian R. Richter , Ralph D. Sanderson","doi":"10.1016/j.mbplus.2023.100128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mbplus.2023.100128","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52317,"journal":{"name":"Matrix Biology Plus","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f6/fa/main.PMC9923180.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10871691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Toshifumi Sato , Kimberly Z. Head , Jiang Li , Christine E. Dolin , Daniel Wilkey , Nolan Skirtich , Katelyn Smith , Dylan D. McCreary , Sylvia Liu , Juliane I. Beier , Aatur D. Singhi , Ryan M. McEnaney , Michael L. Merchant , Gavin E. Arteel
{"title":"Fibrosis resolution in the mouse liver: Role of Mmp12 and potential role of calpain 1/2","authors":"Toshifumi Sato , Kimberly Z. Head , Jiang Li , Christine E. Dolin , Daniel Wilkey , Nolan Skirtich , Katelyn Smith , Dylan D. McCreary , Sylvia Liu , Juliane I. Beier , Aatur D. Singhi , Ryan M. McEnaney , Michael L. Merchant , Gavin E. Arteel","doi":"10.1016/j.mbplus.2022.100127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mbplus.2022.100127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although most work has focused on resolution of collagen ECM, fibrosis resolution involves changes to several ECM proteins. The purpose of the current study was twofold: 1) to examine the role of MMP12 and elastin; and 2) to investigate the changes in degraded proteins in plasma (i.e., the “degradome”) in a preclinical model of fibrosis resolution. Fibrosis was induced by 4 weeks carbon tetrachloride (CCl<sub>4</sub>) exposure, and recovery was monitored for an additional 4 weeks. Some mice were treated with daily MMP12 inhibitor (MMP408) during the resolution phase. Liver injury and fibrosis was monitored by clinical chemistry, histology and gene expression. The release of degraded ECM peptides in the plasma was analyzed using by 1D-LC-MS/MS, coupled with PEAKS Studio (v10) peptide identification. Hepatic fibrosis and liver injury rapidly resolved in this mouse model. However, some collagen fibrils were still present 28d after cessation of CCl<sub>4</sub>. Despite this persistent collagen presence, expression of canonical markers of fibrosis were also normalized. The inhibition of MMP12 dramatically delayed fibrosis resolution under these conditions. LC-MS/MS analysis identified that several proteins were being degraded even at late stages of fibrosis resolution. Calpains 1/2 were identified as potential new proteases involved in fibrosis resolution. CONCLUSION. The results of this study indicate that remodeling of the liver during recovery from fibrosis is a complex and highly coordinated process that extends well beyond the degradation of the collagenous scar. These results also indicate that analysis of the plasma degradome may yield new insight into the mechanisms of fibrosis recovery, and by extension, new “theragnostic” targets. Lastly, a novel potential role for calpain activation in the degradation and turnover of proteins was identified.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52317,"journal":{"name":"Matrix Biology Plus","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/cf/aa/main.PMC9826883.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9796941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Small molecule inhibitors of mammalian glycosylation","authors":"Karim Almahayni , Malte Spiekermann , Antonio Fiore , Guoqiang Yu , Kayvon Pedram , Leonhard Möckl","doi":"10.1016/j.mbplus.2022.100108","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mbplus.2022.100108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Glycans are one of the fundamental biopolymers encountered in living systems. Compared to polynucleotide and polypeptide biosynthesis, polysaccharide biosynthesis is a uniquely combinatorial process to which interdependent enzymes with seemingly broad specificities contribute. The resulting intracellular cell surface, and secreted glycans play key roles in health and disease, from embryogenesis to cancer progression. The study and modulation of glycans in cell and organismal biology is aided by small molecule inhibitors of the enzymes involved in glycan biosynthesis. In this review, we survey the arsenal of currently available inhibitors, focusing on agents which have been independently validated in diverse systems. We highlight the utility of these inhibitors and drawbacks to their use, emphasizing the need for innovation for basic research as well as for therapeutic applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52317,"journal":{"name":"Matrix Biology Plus","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/38/f7/main.PMC9713294.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10536198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Deniz Bakkalci , Amir Zaki Abdullah Zubir , Syed Ali Khurram , Judith Pape , Kristiina Heikinheimo , Stefano Fedele , Umber Cheema
{"title":"Modelling stromal compartments to recapitulate the ameloblastoma tumour microenvironment","authors":"Deniz Bakkalci , Amir Zaki Abdullah Zubir , Syed Ali Khurram , Judith Pape , Kristiina Heikinheimo , Stefano Fedele , Umber Cheema","doi":"10.1016/j.mbplus.2022.100125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mbplus.2022.100125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tumour development and progression is dependent upon tumour cell interaction with the tissue stroma. Bioengineering the tumour-stroma microenvironment (TME) into 3D biomimetic models is crucial to gain insight into tumour cell development and progression pathways and identify therapeutic targets. Ameloblastoma is a benign but locally aggressive epithelial odontogenic neoplasm that mainly occurs in the jawbone and can cause significant morbidity and sometimes death. The molecular mechanisms for ameloblastoma progression are poorly understood. A spatial model recapitulating the tumour and stroma was engineered to show that without a relevant stromal population, tumour invasion is quantitatively decreased. Where a relevant stroma was engineered in dense collagen populated by gingival fibroblasts, enhanced receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) expression was observed and histopathological properties, including ameloblastoma tumour islands, developed and were quantified. Using human osteoblasts (bone stroma) further enhanced the biomimicry of ameloblastoma histopathological phenotypes. This work demonstrates the importance of the two key stromal populations, osteoblasts, and gingival fibroblasts, for accurate 3D biomimetic ameloblastoma modelling.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52317,"journal":{"name":"Matrix Biology Plus","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9703037/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40518763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lauren K. Wareham , John Kuchtey , Hang-Jing Wu , Evan Krystofiak , Yusheng Wu , Cynthia A. Reinhart-King , Rachel W. Kuchtey
{"title":"Lysyl oxidase-like 1 deficiency alters ultrastructural and biomechanical properties of the peripapillary sclera in mice","authors":"Lauren K. Wareham , John Kuchtey , Hang-Jing Wu , Evan Krystofiak , Yusheng Wu , Cynthia A. Reinhart-King , Rachel W. Kuchtey","doi":"10.1016/j.mbplus.2022.100120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mbplus.2022.100120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lysyl oxidase-like 1 encoded by the <em>LOXL1</em> gene is a member of the lysyl oxidase family of enzymes that are important in the maintenance of extracellular matrix (ECM)-rich tissue. LOXL1 is important for proper elastic fiber formation and mice lacking LOXL1 (<em>Loxl1<sup>−/−</sup></em>) exhibit systemic elastic fiber disorders, such as pelvic organ prolapse, a phenotype associated with exfoliation syndrome (XFS) in humans. Patients with XFS have a significant risk of developing exfoliation glaucoma (XFG), a severe form of glaucoma, which is a neurodegenerative condition leading to irreversible blindness if not detected and treated in a timely fashion. Although <em>Loxl1<sup>−/−</sup></em> mice have been used extensively to investigate mechanisms of pelvic organ prolapse, studies of eyes in those mice are limited and some showed inconsistent ocular phenotypes. In this study we demonstrate that <em>Loxl1<sup>−/−</sup></em> mice have significant anterior segment biometric abnormalities which recapitulate some human XFS features. We then focused on the peripapillary sclera (PPS), a critical structure for maintaining optic nerve health. We discovered quantitative and qualitive changes in ultrastructure of PPS, such as reduced elastic fibers, enlarged collagen fibrils, and transformed collagen lamella organization detected by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Importantly, these changes corelate with altered tissue biomechanics detected by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) of PPS in mice. Together, our results support a crucial role for LOXL1 in ocular tissue structure and biomechanics, and <em>Loxl1<sup>−/−</sup></em> mice could be a valuable resource for understanding the role of scleral tissue biomechanics in ocular disease.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52317,"journal":{"name":"Matrix Biology Plus","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/dc/14/main.PMC9436796.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40350325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}