Terra Latinoamericana最新文献_第4页

Bi-conical reflectance factor in contrasting vegetal species: global modeling 对比植物物种的双锥反射因子:全球模拟

Terra Latinoamericana Pub Date : 2018-01-22 DOI: 10.28940/TERRA.V36I1.222

F. P. Pellat, A. Cano, M. Bolaños, J. Chávez, M. Marin, E. Romero

{"title":"Bi-conical reflectance factor in contrasting vegetal species: global modeling","authors":"F. P. Pellat, A. Cano, M. Bolaños, J. Chávez, M. Marin, E. Romero","doi":"10.28940/TERRA.V36I1.222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28940/TERRA.V36I1.222","url":null,"abstract":"La clasif icacion de la vegetacion usando informacion espectral multi-angular ha sido aproximada con esquemas de modelacion restringidos o con hipotesis de homogeneidad o estacionariedad. En este trabajo se presenta un esquema de modelacion global de los angulos cenitales y acimutales en la reflectancia de la vegetacion, extendiendo los desarrollos al caso de los efectos de cambios en las propiedades opticas del fondo de la vegetacion (suelos) y de la densidad de plantas (follaje). Esta sintesis se realiza en un espacio superior de compactacion que depende esencialmente de dos parametros y engloba todas las variaciones analizadas. El esquema de modelacion global desarrollado se aplico al caso de arreglos de plantas, diferentes densidades de ocho especies con arquetipos contrastantes y suelos desnudos. La modelacion se aplico a las mediciones de factores de reflectancia bi-conicos, donde los ajustes resultaron optimos (generalmente con R2 ≥ 0.99 y errores relativos medios menores al 7%). El analisis de los resultados mostro que la informacion espectral multi-angular para clasif icacion de especies, bajo condiciones generalizadas, mantiene todavia problemas de confusion en la discriminacion de especies. Esto puede explicarse por la sintesis de analisis realizada de las variaciones asociadas a la discriminacion.","PeriodicalId":52301,"journal":{"name":"Terra Latinoamericana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90586371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Rehabilitación de un suelo salino con yeso agrícola en un cultivo de nogal en el Valle del Yaqui 在雅基山谷的一个核桃园用农业石膏修复盐碱地

Terra Latinoamericana Pub Date : 2018-01-22 DOI: 10.28940/terra.v36i1.310

Alma María Trasviña Barriga, Rafael Borquez Olguin, José Leal Almanza, L. Espinoza, M. A. G. Coronado

{"title":"Rehabilitación de un suelo salino con yeso agrícola en un cultivo de nogal en el Valle del Yaqui","authors":"Alma María Trasviña Barriga, Rafael Borquez Olguin, José Leal Almanza, L. Espinoza, M. A. G. Coronado","doi":"10.28940/terra.v36i1.310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28940/terra.v36i1.310","url":null,"abstract":"Pecans are cultivated extensively in the Yaqui Valley, Sonora. These soils often have problems of salinity and high concentrations of exchangeable sodium, which cause a decline in pecan productivity. At the end of the season of irrigation with water from the system of reservoirs on the Yaqui River, groundwater is generally used from May to August. This can result in salt accumulation in the soil when water is of poor quality. Gypsum has been used as an amendment to rehabilitate soil by improving its physical and chemical properties. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of gypsum application to a saline soil of a pecan orchard in the Yaqui Valley. Rehabilitation was carried out for two consecutive years. In the first year a dose of 5 and 10 Mg ha‑1 was applied, while in the second year 2 Mg ha‑1 of gypsum was used. Two ridge washings were done after each aplication. The physico-chemical analyses of the soil were conducted following NOM-021-RECNAT-2000 during three years prior to and after the applications of amedment. Once the amendement was applied, the values of electrical conductivity decreased from 12.41 to 6.29 dS m-1, percentage of exchangeable sodium from 12.48 to 5.57 and sodium adsorption ratio from 10.54 to 4.88 at the depth of 0-30 cm. The use of agricultural gypsum and washing in a saline soil of the pecan orchard improved soil chemical properties using 5 and 10 Mg ha-1.","PeriodicalId":52301,"journal":{"name":"Terra Latinoamericana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90920493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Correcciones atmosféricas relativas de imágenes de satélite: patrones invariantes y modelos atmosféricos 卫星图像的相对大气校正:不变模式和大气模式

Terra Latinoamericana Pub Date : 2018-01-22 DOI: 10.28940/terra.v36i1.228

Fernando Paz Pellat

{"title":"Correcciones atmosféricas relativas de imágenes de satélite: patrones invariantes y modelos atmosféricos","authors":"Fernando Paz Pellat","doi":"10.28940/terra.v36i1.228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28940/terra.v36i1.228","url":null,"abstract":"To use information obtained with satellite technology reliably, it is necessary to eliminate or reduce the disruptive effects associated with the spectral information captured by sensors on space platforms. In this paper we analyze the inversion of radiative models of the atmosphere, which consists in determining the additive and multiplicative constants in each spectral band to make the necessary atmospheric corrections. The methodology proposes the use of invariant patterns of soil lines and dense vegetation for the inversion of radiative models. The results showed that, without knowledge of the atmospheric model or the type of aerosol, soil line data were relatively insufficient (low correlation) to obtain the additive and multiplicative constants of the atmospheric inversions, with problems of multiple solutions in the inversion process. Under similar conditions, the same was found for additive constants with the dense vegetation line, but for the multiplicative constants the results were favorable (R2 > 0.9). In contrast, with the knowledge of the atmospheric model and the aerosol model, estimates of additive and multiplicative constants were highly satisfactory (R2 > 0.99) in both cases. For soil line inversions, only one constraint of the two available was used. In conclusion, the use of invariant soil-line patterns allows us to establish two basic relationships to invert the radiative simulations of the atmosphere, prior to functional compaction, and field measurements can be made so that the proposed atmospheric correction process in this work can be considered in absolute and not relative terms.","PeriodicalId":52301,"journal":{"name":"Terra Latinoamericana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90795884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Actividad microbiológica y biomasa microbiana en suelos cafetaleros de los Andes venezolanos 委内瑞拉安第斯山脉咖啡土壤的微生物活性和微生物生物量

Terra Latinoamericana Pub Date : 2018-01-22 DOI: 10.28940/TERRA.V36I1.257

J. Gómez

{"title":"Actividad microbiológica y biomasa microbiana en suelos cafetaleros de los Andes venezolanos","authors":"J. Gómez","doi":"10.28940/TERRA.V36I1.257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28940/TERRA.V36I1.257","url":null,"abstract":"En Venezuela el cafe ( Coffea arabica L.) ocupa un area aproximada de 200 000 ha, distribuidos principalmente en las zonas montanosas de Los Andes. Tradicionalmente, el cafe se cultiva con pocos insumos bajo la sombra de arboles de la familia de las leguminosas y de otros arbustos. En anos recientes con la adopcion de cultivares de alta productividad, notable precocidad y tamano reducido se esta produciendo cafe a plena exposicion solar con fertilizacion mineral y uso de pesticidas. Las propiedades microbiologicas del suelo especialmente aquellas relacionadas con el flujo de energia y el reciclaje de nutrientes responden de forma rapida y sensible a los cambios de las condiciones del suelo mucho antes que por ejemplo el carbono organico, y de este modo, suministran una informacion anticipada sobre las alteraciones de la calidad del mismo. En este estudio se comparo la actividad microbiologica (respiracion basal), la biomasa microbiana y los parametros ecofisiologicos en suelos a nivel superficial (0-5 cm) de ocho fincas cafetaleras en los municipios de Merida y Trujillo donde se encuentran tres sistemas de produccion: tradicional, convencional y organico. Las fincas con agricultura organica presentaron los mayores valores de carbono organico total, carbono hidrosoluble, respiracion basal y biomasa microbiana en comparacion con las de manejo tradicional y convencional; con lo cual la produccion organica es un sistema de manejo mas sostenible por la mayor conservacion de los recursos naturales y la produccion mas amigable y armonica con el ambiente. En el caso del manejo convencional, la adicion de fertilizantes y pesticidas afecta de forma negativa el bienestar de los microorganismos y los hace mas ineficientes en el uso del carbono y la energia.","PeriodicalId":52301,"journal":{"name":"Terra Latinoamericana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91326451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 26

Respuesta de variedades de maíz (Zea mays L.) a diferentes fuentes de fertilización en el Valle de Puebla 普埃布拉山谷玉米品种对不同施肥来源的响应

Terra Latinoamericana Pub Date : 2018-01-22 DOI: 10.28940/terra.v36i1.309

Rafael Alvarado Teyssier, E. A. Ruíz, Juan de Dios Guerrero Rodríguez, José Isabel Olvera Hernández, Ángel Bustamante González, Samuel Vargas López, J. H. H. Salgado

{"title":"Respuesta de variedades de maíz (Zea mays L.) a diferentes fuentes de fertilización en el Valle de Puebla","authors":"Rafael Alvarado Teyssier, E. A. Ruíz, Juan de Dios Guerrero Rodríguez, José Isabel Olvera Hernández, Ángel Bustamante González, Samuel Vargas López, J. H. H. Salgado","doi":"10.28940/terra.v36i1.309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28940/terra.v36i1.309","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, there are biologically sustainable options that can partially replace synthetic fertilizers and reduce production costs. To test the response of 18 maize varieties to synthetic fertilization (FQ), synthetic fertilization plus inoculant (FQB) and synthetic fertilization plus compost (FQC), in 2010 two experiments were established in rainfed conditions in the Valley of Puebla, with a completely randomized design, under a split plots arrangement, with three replications. Type of fertilization was assigned to the main plot and maize genotypes were the split plot. No differences were found in grain and stover yield by type of fertilization. There was a strong interaction between varieties and type of fertilizer as well as between varieties and location in grain and stover yield. For the interaction between variety and type of fertilization, it was found that 56% of the varieties showed higher yields with FQC, in while 27.8% had higher yields with FQB and 16.7% yielded better with FQ. The highest stover yield was obtained in San Andres Calpan with FQC (8.8 Mg ha-1), while in San Pedro Tlaltenango it was obtained with FQB (15.3 Mg ha‑1) and FQ (15.4 Mg ha‑1). The use of both synthetic fertilization and inoculant or compost maintains and increases maize grain and stover yield, compared with using only synthetic fertilizer.","PeriodicalId":52301,"journal":{"name":"Terra Latinoamericana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87670146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Familias de agua subterránea y distribución de sólidos totales disueltos en el acuífero de La Paz Baja California Sur, México 墨西哥南下加利福尼亚拉巴斯含水层的地下水家庭和总溶解固体分布

Terra Latinoamericana Pub Date : 2018-01-22 DOI: 10.28940/TERRA.V36I1.316

A. Falcón, E. T. Diéguez, Janette Magalli Murillo Jiménez, J. G. Hernández, B. M. Amador

{"title":"Familias de agua subterránea y distribución de sólidos totales disueltos en el acuífero de La Paz Baja California Sur, México","authors":"A. Falcón, E. T. Diéguez, Janette Magalli Murillo Jiménez, J. G. Hernández, B. M. Amador","doi":"10.28940/TERRA.V36I1.316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28940/TERRA.V36I1.316","url":null,"abstract":"El acuifero de La Paz se encuentra desde hace varios anos en condicion de sobreexplotacion, lo que ha causado problemas de contaminacion por intrusion marina. En 2013 se conformo una red de monitoreo de pozos, que incluyo el uso publico-urbano, agricola, pecuario y de servicios, donde se realizaron muestreos representativos de la temporada de estiaje y lluvias. Se midio la concentracion de solidos totales disueltos (STD), temperatura, oxigeno disuelto y pH. Los resultados mostraron que la mayoria de los pozos agricolas contenian alta concentracion de STD a diferencia de los pozos de agua potable con concentracion inferior a 1000 mg L-1, que es el limite permisible por la norma of icial mexicana (NOM). Tambien se analizaron datos de iones mayoritarios de 14 pozos cercanos a la costa con alta concentracion de STD, con los que se elaboro un diagrama de Piper, encontrandose dos tipos o familias principales de agua: clorurada-calcica y clorurada-sodica. La presencia de sodio en concentraciones que superan los 200 mg L-1 en 8 pozos, y de magnesio con mas de 50 mg L-1 en 10 pozos, sobrepasaron la NOM y se considero que su origen es marino. La concentracion de calcio mayor a los 250 mg L-1 en 7 pozos, supone la existencia de capas de sedimentos de origen quimico-organico en la estratigrafia interior del acuifero, a traves de las cuales circula el agua subterranea. Los cloruros en concentraciones superiores a los 1000 mg L-1 en 6 pozos con elevada concentracion de STD, sugiere que es producto de la intrusion marina. Con base en la distribucion de la concentracion de STD se delimitaron dos areas amplias afectadas por la intrusion marina, y junto con la distribucion de las familias de agua, se identif icaron tres zonas principales del acuifero.","PeriodicalId":52301,"journal":{"name":"Terra Latinoamericana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81171008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Minimización de los efectos atmosféricos en el índice espectral de la vegetación IVIS 尽量减少大气对IVIS植被光谱指数的影响

Terra Latinoamericana Pub Date : 2018-01-22 DOI: 10.28940/TERRA.V36I1.230

Fernando Paz Pellat

引用次数: 0

Corrección de la clorosis férrica con quelato EDDHA en cultivos sembrados en suelo alcalino y calcáreo Corrección de la clorosis férrica明媚quelato EDDHA en cultivos sembrados en suelo alcalino y calcá合唱团

Terra Latinoamericana Pub Date : 2018-01-22 DOI: 10.28940/TERRA.V36I1.254

A. Franco, M. E. Ramírez, Flor Elena Ortiz Cháirez

{"title":"Corrección de la clorosis férrica con quelato EDDHA en cultivos sembrados en suelo alcalino y calcáreo","authors":"A. Franco, M. E. Ramírez, Flor Elena Ortiz Cháirez","doi":"10.28940/TERRA.V36I1.254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28940/TERRA.V36I1.254","url":null,"abstract":"La def iciencia de hierro (Fe) en los cultivos se manif iesta principalmente en regiones con suelos alcalinos y calcareos. En el presente estudio se evaluo la efectividad del Fe3+ quelatado con EDDHA [ac. etilendiamino di-(o-hidroxifenilacetato)] y la aspersion foliar de FeSO4 solos y combinados, en los cultivos de sorgo, soya, okra y frijol. El EDDHA-Fe (Ultraferro®) se aplico a dosis de 1% en la siembra sobre las semillas y para el FeSO4 se hicieron dos aplicaciones foliares al 1.5%. En los cuatro experimentos se determino el indice de clorof ila (SPAD) en tres fechas (15 y 28 de marzo, 6 de abril), y a los 48-50 dias despues de la siembra se cuantif ico la biomasa foliar y radical. Entre los cultivos, las plantas de soya y okra manifestaron la mayor intensidad de clorosis ferrica, la cual fue visible entre los tratamientos. En ambos cultivos los mayores valores SPAD y de biomasa foliar y radical se obtuvieron con la aplicacion de EDDHA-Fe solo o combinado con FeSO4. En frijol y sorgo, la clorosis fue menos visible, para las plantas de frijol el mayor indice de clorof ila se registro con EDDHA-Fe y FeSO4 en las dos ultimas fechas de evaluacion (28 de marzo y 6 de abril) y los tres tratamientos quimicos superaron de forma similar al testigo, en la biomasa foliar y radical. Las plantas de sorgo registraron los mayores indices SPAD en la ultima fecha (6 de abril), mientras que no fueron signif icativas las diferencias en la biomasa foliar y radical. No se observo efecto aditivo en las variables con la combinacion EDDHA-Fe y FeSO4. En general, los resultados indican que la aplicacion de EDDHA-Fe solo o combinado con FeSO4 foliar en soya, okra y frijol, mostraron correccion de la clorosis ferrica de manera efectiva.","PeriodicalId":52301,"journal":{"name":"Terra Latinoamericana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90197430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fundamentação teórica dos sistemas de amostragem de solo de acordo com a variabilidade de características químicas. 根据化学特性变异性的土壤取样系统的理论基础。

Terra Latinoamericana Pub Date : 2017-10-08 DOI: 10.28940/TERRA.V35I4.172

M. AndréGuarçoni, V. Alvarez, Fabrício Moreira Sobreira

{"title":"Fundamentação teórica dos sistemas de amostragem de solo de acordo com a variabilidade de características químicas.","authors":"M. AndréGuarçoni, V. Alvarez, Fabrício Moreira Sobreira","doi":"10.28940/TERRA.V35I4.172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28940/TERRA.V35I4.172","url":null,"abstract":"Due to high variability of chemical characteristics, soil sampling is one of the major sources of error in a correction and fertilization program. This critical review aimed to analyze the theoretical foundations that define the soil sampling types used for different cropping systems, assessing the degree of influence of variations in chemical characteristics conferred by each situation. Confronting information from the studies reviewed, we determined that the range of spatial dependence of soil chemical properties is dependent on the distance between previous sampling points. Land stratification in sampling units reduces the occurrence of spatial dependence caused by environmental factors associated with long-distance variations (macro-dependence), but does not prevent the occurrence of spatial dependence at short distances in positions within the stratum itself (meso-dependence). The option to use composite sample analysis from homogeneous field (average fertility) or the soil fertility maps for recommendation of lime and fertilizer, is primarily due to economic issues. The collection of single samples of small volume to calculate local averages, or the formation of composite samples from these “single samples” tends to increase the effectiveness and reliability of fertility maps.","PeriodicalId":52301,"journal":{"name":"Terra Latinoamericana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72834762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Estimación de evapotranspiración con imágenes de PROBA-V de un cultivo de sandía en la costa de Hermosillo, Sonora, México 用PROBA-V图像估计墨西哥索诺拉埃莫西略海岸西瓜作物的蒸散量

Terra Latinoamericana Pub Date : 2017-10-08 DOI: 10.28940/TERRA.V35I4.307

R. Rodríguez, G. Lopez, Julio C. Rodríguez, Christopher Watts Thorp, Juan Alejandro Saiz Rodríguez, Alfredo Ochoa Granillo, Juan Arcadio Saiz Hernández

引用次数: 1