{"title":"Space-time in the study of learning trajectories","authors":"Jorge Chávez","doi":"10.1080/23735082.2020.1811884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23735082.2020.1811884","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Space-time plays a central role in the scientific study of learning trajectories. From a sociocultural perspective, the definition of a set of space-time coordinates enables researchers to identify and examine both the learning activities in which subjects participate and those life events relevant to understanding their learning processes. The present article reports on a systematic literature review that explored the way in which different researchers define space-time coordinates in their work. We identified 24 empirical studies on the subject, analysis of which led us to conclude that the study of learning trajectories requires not only the specific space-time coordinates of those contexts in which a given learning activity takes place, but also the coordinates that people re/co-construct on an experiential or subjective level based on those activities.","PeriodicalId":52244,"journal":{"name":"Learning: Research and Practice","volume":"22 11 1","pages":"36 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82067462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cognitive load and working memory: a system view of measurement","authors":"Rick L. Shearer, Junxiu Yu, Xinyun Peng","doi":"10.1080/23735082.2020.1830150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23735082.2020.1830150","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Within the fields of learning design, instructional systems and educational psychology, cognitive load has been discussed and debated for a number of years. The impact of course designs on learning process is still questioned, and how we learn continues to be an intriguing question. The fields of working memory (WM) and cognitive load (CL) have strived to explore this question over the years. This paper proposes a systems model to explore the overlaps of these concepts. Different types of load feedback within the systems model are discussed. The proposed model is simplified by introducing the idea of active and distracted WM. The model is conceptualised through the lens of learners interacting with page designs while studying through an online distance programme. We present the concepts as a stock and flow diagram, with related equations. The model allows us to bridge WM and CL and forms the foundation for testing the three types of cognitive load and how they interact in our course designs.","PeriodicalId":52244,"journal":{"name":"Learning: Research and Practice","volume":"272 1","pages":"54 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76759918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring the effects of question generation instruction on attitudes and strategy uses in and out of the classroom","authors":"Keita Shinogaya","doi":"10.1080/23735082.2020.1859124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23735082.2020.1859124","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study explored effects of question generation instructions on students’ attitudes towards question generation and strategy use. Three hundred seventy-four Japanese college students in two psychology classes participated in lectures after a pre-lecture preparation time and completed questionnaires on attitudes towards question generation and learning strategy use in and outside the classroom. Students in the “instruction group” were instructed on how to develop questions during lecture preparation to better understand the upcoming lecture. In the “connecting group”, in addition to instruction, the questions students generated during preparation were linked to lecture content. The results showed that instruction significantly decreases students’ perception of difficulty regarding question generation and increases learning outside the classroom. The result also suggested that connecting questions to lecture content increased students’ use of micro-understanding focused strategies during preparation and increased positive attitudes towards question generation of students who did not place importance on meaningful learning.","PeriodicalId":52244,"journal":{"name":"Learning: Research and Practice","volume":"31 1","pages":"165 - 178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86017489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The role of metacognition in mindfulness interventions with Japanese EFL university students","authors":"Tom Stringer, K. Looney","doi":"10.1080/23735082.2020.1818806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23735082.2020.1818806","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The role of metacognition in learning and academic achievement has been recognised. Outside of education, mindfulness has been shown to enhance metacognition and subsequent outcomes (e.g., in mental health). While mindfulness has been investigated in relation to enhancing outcomes in education, less consideration has been given to the role of metacognition as a mediating factor. The current study used a between-groups design to investigate (1) whether a mindfulness intervention significantly improves learning outcomes, mindfulness and metacognition in those learning English as a foreign language and (2) whether the relationship between mindfulness and learning outcomes is mediated by metacognition. Results of the current study were not significant. However, this study represents an important step in terms of investigating mechanisms of change in educational practices. Methodological considerations and avenues for further research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":52244,"journal":{"name":"Learning: Research and Practice","volume":"12 9 1","pages":"179 - 195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82739317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Providing remote school-based professional support to teachers during school closures caused by the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"B. Moorhouse, Jonathan Lee, S. Herd","doi":"10.1080/23735082.2020.1825777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23735082.2020.1825777","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This small-scale exploratory study explores the practices and experiences of two experienced Hong Kong Education Bureau Advisory Teachers (ATs) engaged in school-based professional support (SBPS) of teachers during school closure caused the COVID-19 pandemic. It documents the ATs usual practices, conditions for effective SBPS, the effect the pandemic had on their practices, and the specific support they provided remotely during the pandemic. Key findings indicate that effective SBPS requires clear role expectations, a collaborative support approach, building strong relationships and durability. The SBPS model is resilient and allows ATs and teachers to adjust to the evolving situation. ATs have continued to provide support throughout the school closures, something that would not have been possible without the existing SBPS model, relationship cultivated over an extended period of support and available technology. The authors recommend that Education Bureaus explore SBPS as a way to continue supporting teachers during school closures.","PeriodicalId":52244,"journal":{"name":"Learning: Research and Practice","volume":"21 1","pages":"5 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87525644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Students’ perspective of globalisation in schools on their traditional Asian cultural beliefs and mental well-being","authors":"Samuel B. Diaco","doi":"10.1080/23735082.2020.1792536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23735082.2020.1792536","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study explores Asian college students’ perspectives on globalisation in the Philippines. It identifies prime indicators of globalisation and the nature and extent of its perceived influences on the students’ traditional cultural beliefs and mental well-being. Examined indicators of globalisation include classroom technology, ideologies and behaviours, manners of thinking and making decisions, and outfit styles. The study finds that globalisation is highly rated in many aspects in the learning set-ups that there are epistemological inconsistencies between students’ traditional cultural beliefs and the ideologies and behaviours that globalisation promotes, and that the perceived influence of globalisation on mental well-being is negatively associated with the strength of students’ traditional cultural beliefs and their levels of mental well-being.","PeriodicalId":52244,"journal":{"name":"Learning: Research and Practice","volume":"30 1","pages":"20 - 35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81869861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Learning during interesting times: an opportunity for collective reflection?","authors":"Michael Tan","doi":"10.1080/23735082.2020.1813360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23735082.2020.1813360","url":null,"abstract":"This is the final draft, after peer-review, of a manuscript published in Learning: Research and Practice. The published version is available online at http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/23735082.2020.1813360","PeriodicalId":52244,"journal":{"name":"Learning: Research and Practice","volume":"119 4 1","pages":"111 - 113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88748603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigating discursive functions and potential cognitive demands of teacher questioning in the science classroom","authors":"Y. Soysal","doi":"10.1080/23735082.2019.1575458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23735082.2019.1575458","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study presents an in-depth exploration of the types of discursive functions of teacher questioning and the potential cognitive correspondences embedded in the questioning. The participants were a science teacher and his class of 26 sixth-grade students who were engaged in an immersion science inquiry activity. The major data source was a video recording of the class that was analysed through systematic observation in two phases: coding and counting. Five higher-order categories (predicting, communicating, challenging, legitimising, and managing the discourse) and several sub-categories were abstracted for the discursive functions of teacher questioning. Particular discursive functions of teacher questioning attached to the specific potential cognitive demands embedded in the questioning are explored in detail according to the Bloomian taxonomy (i.e., predicting > understand; communicating > understand; challenging > evaluate; legitimising > evaluate; managing the discourse > analyse). From the data, recommendations were offered for science teachers, teacher educators, and the envisagement and implementation of professional development programmes centralising teacher questioning.","PeriodicalId":52244,"journal":{"name":"Learning: Research and Practice","volume":"52 2 1","pages":"167 - 194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91052738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Elementary school students’ epistemic perspective and learning strategies in history","authors":"K. Ioannou, Kalypso Iordanou","doi":"10.1080/23735082.2019.1591492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23735082.2019.1591492","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The present study explores possible relations between students’ epistemic perspective, learning strategies and text comprehension. In Study 1, 79 sixth graders completed paper-and-pencil instruments to measure their epistemic perspective and learning strategies. Students’ epistemic perspective was assessed using a scenario-based instrument, the Livia Problem. Students were epistemically profiled as Absolutists, Multiplists and Evaluativists. Students’ learning strategies were assessed through the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (Pintrich & De Groot, 1990). In Study 2, 20 of the students who participated in Study 1 were individually interviewed to measure their learning strategies, where they were asked to read a text and think aloud. Results revealed that students who were profiled as Evaluativists showed greater self-efficacy, intrinsic value, use of cognitive strategies and self-regulation. In addition, students who were profiled as Evaluativists engaged in more effective learning strategies and exhibited better text comprehension compared to students who were profiled as Absolutists. In particular, students who exhibited an Evaluativist epistemic perspective engaged in the strategies of understanding vocabulary, summarising and underlying, while students who exhibited an Absolutist epistemic perspective engaged more in repeating information and quick reading. Our findings show that a mature epistemic perspective is associated with effective usage of learning strategies and text comprehension.","PeriodicalId":52244,"journal":{"name":"Learning: Research and Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":"150 - 166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73062248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}