Preprints.orgPub Date : 2025-11-21DOI: 10.20944/preprints202511.1631.v1
Siqi Niu, Fanghong Zhang, Juan Li, Jianwu Wang, Tinghua Huang, Min Yao
{"title":"Procyanidin B1 Regulates Anti-Inflammatory Transcription in Chicken Macrophage-Like HD11 Cells Through Transcription Factor STAT2 and HIF1A","authors":"Siqi Niu, Fanghong Zhang, Juan Li, Jianwu Wang, Tinghua Huang, Min Yao","doi":"10.20944/preprints202511.1631.v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202511.1631.v1","url":null,"abstract":"Procyanidin B1 (PB1), a polyphenol abundant in Cyperus esculentus stems and leaves (CELE), exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, though its mechanisms are not fully understood. This study investigated CELE’s effects in chickens and LPS-stimulated HD11 macrophages. Chickens fed CELE showed increased blood lev-els of SOD, GSH-Px, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10, while MDA decreased. RNA-seq of LPS+PB1 vs. LPS-treated cells identified 696 differentially expressed genes enriched in inflammation and antioxidant pathways. Analysis indicated 120 transcription factors (TFs) may regulate these changes, with FOSL1, HIF1A, and STAT2 significantly downregulated. In HD11 cells, PB1 reduced expression of HIF1A/STAT2-target genes (e.g., HMGA2, EPSTI1), lowered IL-1β, IL-6, and ROS, and shifted macrophage polar-ization from M1 to M2. PB1’s effects were enhanced by an HIF1A inhibitor but re-versed by a STAT2 activator. These findings support PB1 and CELE as potential feed additives for livestock.","PeriodicalId":521283,"journal":{"name":"Preprints.org","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.preprints.org/frontend/manuscript/fd83c41123217c4bc7ad9edcbb06af44/download_pub","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147878269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Preprints.orgPub Date : 2025-11-21DOI: 10.20944/preprints202511.1662.v1
Nikita A. Shutskiy, Alexander R. Shevchenko, Ksenia A. Mayorova, Л. Л. Шагров, Andrey Aksenov
{"title":"Key Criteria of Hemostatic Efficiency of Highly Porous Cellulose-Based Scaffolds: A Review","authors":"Nikita A. Shutskiy, Alexander R. Shevchenko, Ksenia A. Mayorova, Л. Л. Шагров, Andrey Aksenov","doi":"10.20944/preprints202511.1662.v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202511.1662.v1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Severe bleeding and uncompensated blood loss remain some of the most serious complications associated with trauma and surgical interventions that can threaten life. In recent years, intensive research has been directed toward developing hemostatic materials based on natural and synthetic polymers. Among them, cellulose and its modified derivatives represent one of the most promising sources for creating effective hemostatic systems. The aim of this review was to identify key criteria for the efficiency of cellulose-based gels with hemostatic activity. Methods. Experimental studies aimed at evaluating new hemostatic materials were analyzed based on international sources using the PRISMA methodology. Results. A total of 111 publications were identified. Following the identification and screening stages, 20 articles were selected for the final qualitative synthesis. The analyzed publications include experimental studies focused on the development and analysis of highly porous cellulose-based scaffolds in the form of aerogels and cryogels. The type and origin of cellulose, as well as the influence of additional components and synthesis conditions on gel formation, were investigated. Discussion and Conclusions. Three major groups of key criteria that should be considered when developing new cellulose-based highly porous scaffolds with hemostatic functionality were identified: (I) physicochemical and mechanical properties (pore size distribution, compressive strength, and presence of functional groups); (II) in vitro tests (blood clotting index, red blood cell adhesion rate, hemolysis, cytocompatibility, and antibacterial activity); (III) in vivo hemostatic efficiency (hemostasis time and blood loss) in compliance with the 3Rs policy (replacement, reduction, refinement).","PeriodicalId":521283,"journal":{"name":"Preprints.org","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.preprints.org/frontend/manuscript/a4daf6c107d08d846378826028da9e1a/download_pub","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Preprints.orgPub Date : 2025-11-21DOI: 10.20944/preprints202511.1622.v1
Miguel Martins, Marta Gromicho, Miguel Oliveira Santos, Mamede de Carvalho
{"title":"Misdiagnosis of Surgical Conditions in ALS Patients: Analysis of a Single‐Center Experience and Review of Literature","authors":"Miguel Martins, Marta Gromicho, Miguel Oliveira Santos, Mamede de Carvalho","doi":"10.20944/preprints202511.1622.v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202511.1622.v1","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Objectives: In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) late or incorrect diagnosis significantly reduces the therapeutic window, while also increasing the risk of inappropriate interventions, with a negative impact on disease progression rate. We aim to identify and characterize the clinical profile of ALS patients followed in our center who underwent surgeries due to initial clinical presentation, and to review the literature. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study of patients newly diagnosed with ALS at our center between 2021 and 2024. Patients were categorized into two groups: those who underwent surgical intervention (Surgery Group, n=17) and those who did not (non-Surgery Group, n=284). Variables analyzed included demographic characteristics, onset region, diagnostic delay, baseline disease progression rate (ΔFS), the first specialist consulted, upper motor neuron (UMN)/lower motor neuron (LMN) predominance, and presence of fasciculations at onset. English medical literature was reviewed. Results: Of 301 ALS patients, 17 (5.6%) underwent surgery due to initial symptoms. These patients had a significantly longer diagnostic delay (median 14.95 vs. 8.99 months, p=0.010) and all had spinal-onset ALS (p=0.014). No significant differences were found in sex (p=0.354), progression rate (p=0.453), UMN/LMN predominance (p=0.708), or fasciculations at onset (p=0.129). Conclusions: Surgical interventions in ALS, particularly in spinal-onset cases, remains a clinical concern. Surgeries may delay diagnosis and bypass early neurological assessment. We advocate for increased ALS awareness among non-neurologists and emphasize the necessity of neurological evaluation prior to elective spinal surgery in patients exhibiting progressive motor symptoms.","PeriodicalId":521283,"journal":{"name":"Preprints.org","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.preprints.org/frontend/manuscript/ea5d09840569ef4469d3090bb79ceb13/download_pub","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147889222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Preprints.orgPub Date : 2025-11-18DOI: 10.20944/preprints202511.1289.v1
Manuel Agustí, Carmina Reig, Amparo Martínez-Fuentes, Carlos Mesejo
{"title":"Advances in Citrus Fruit Set and Development: A Review","authors":"Manuel Agustí, Carmina Reig, Amparo Martínez-Fuentes, Carlos Mesejo","doi":"10.20944/preprints202511.1289.v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202511.1289.v1","url":null,"abstract":"Citrus species develop fruits through both sexual reproduction and parthenocarpy, following a growth pattern with an initial exponential phase dominated by cell division in the ovary wall, followed by a linear phase driven by cell expansion in juice vesicles. Sustained carbohydrate supply is essential to support the metabolic energy required for these processes, which are tightly regulated by hormonal signaling pathways involving gibberellins (GAs), auxins (IAA), cytokinins, and abscisic acid (ABA). Recent studies across cultivars have identified genes associated with hormone biosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, cell cycle regulation, and abscission in ovule and pericarp tissues. Manipulation of these hormones through targeted treatments and cultural practices has shown potential to enhance fruit set and growth. Notably, exogenous GA₃ application promotes fruit set in parthenocarpic cultivars by upregulating GA20ox2/GA3ox and CYCA1.1, whereas synthetic auxins enhance fruit enlargement by improving assimilate partitioning and water uptake. Optimizing such treatments, however, requires a comprehensive understanding of physiological, environmental, and agronomic factors influencing fruit development. This review summarizes recent advances in hormonal and molecular regulation of citrus fruit set and developments, assesses applied strategies to improve productivity, and identifies current knowledge gaps needed to refine biotechnological and management aimed at enhancing both yield and fruit quality.","PeriodicalId":521283,"journal":{"name":"Preprints.org","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147878115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integrated Geostatistical–Geotechnical Modelling and Mining Method Assessment of the Tala Hamza Zn–Pb Deposit, Northern Algeria","authors":"Belkacem Soltani, Salim Lamine, Mohamed Chérif Berguig, Hanafi Benali, Nour Islam Bachari","doi":"10.20944/preprints202511.1364.v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202511.1364.v1","url":null,"abstract":"The Tala Hamza zinc–lead deposit, located in the Amizour region south of Béjaïa (Northern Algeria), is one of the largest base-metal resources in the Maghreb. This study presents an integrated geological, geostatistical, and geotechnical assessment to improve resource estimation and optimise the mining strategy. Geostatistical analyses of drilling data revealed moderate to strong spatial continuity of zinc and lead grades, with variogram ranges of 120–200 m along the main structural trends. Ordinary Kriging and conditional simulations produced three-dimensional grade and uncertainty models, confirming anisotropy consistent with the tectonic framework and identifying higher uncertainty near fault zones. These results were integrated with geotechnical investigations and FLAC3D numerical modelling to validate the Descending Backfilled Chamber (DBC) mining method. The DBC approach, combined with cemented backfilling, ensures mechanical stability, limits dilution, and maximises ore recovery. This multidisciplinary framework demonstrates the effectiveness of coupling geostatistical and geotechnical modelling for reliable resource evaluation and sustainable mine design, providing a reference for similar base-metal deposits in Algeria and beyond.","PeriodicalId":521283,"journal":{"name":"Preprints.org","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.preprints.org/frontend/manuscript/d077f92188914dea9825ecac80838ae9/download_pub","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147888883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Predictive Analytics For Dyslexia: A Cloud Based Machine Learning Approach","authors":"Keerthivasan Ramasamy Velliangiri, Nathish Rajendran","doi":"10.20944/preprints202511.1010.v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202511.1010.v1","url":null,"abstract":"Reading disability (known as Dyslexia) is a common problem faced by many children and younger people around the globe, the symptoms are not known to the people in the initial stage, the various levels of dyslexia affected people behavior and learning style are not common among the people. There are various ways used to predict Dyslexia symptoms and habits with the help of Machine Learning algorithms and Artificial Intelligence, but the complexity of generating the results from the processed data, storing and retrieving of the results is a challenging task, there are various research that is going on to overcome the problems. By leveraging cloud computing technologies, the data generated to predict the Dyslexia problem from various people are stored using Cloud storage services. The algorithms used on the same data produces different results and leads to the creation of new algorithms.","PeriodicalId":521283,"journal":{"name":"Preprints.org","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.preprints.org/frontend/manuscript/3182a7612c1781b6147deb84284bd804/download_pub","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147918779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Preprints.orgPub Date : 2025-11-03DOI: 10.20944/preprints202511.0078.v1
Yu Zhang, Yusheng Pei, Tan De-jiang, Yingxun Du, Tong Cai, Yuan Zhang, Qing He
{"title":"From Silicon to Serum: The Critical Path of Validating Computational Predictions in Modern Vaccinology","authors":"Yu Zhang, Yusheng Pei, Tan De-jiang, Yingxun Du, Tong Cai, Yuan Zhang, Qing He","doi":"10.20944/preprints202511.0078.v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202511.0078.v1","url":null,"abstract":"Vaccinology has undergone a profound paradigm shift—from traditional empirical discovery to a rational, engineering-based discipline. This transformation is driven by the synergistic and iterative cycle between computational (in silico) prediction and rigorous experimental validation, now the cornerstone of modern, accelerated vaccine development. This review delineates the architecture of this integrated pipeline. We first survey the expanding computational toolbox for vaccine design, spanning immunoinformatics and reverse vaccinology for antigen discovery, AI-driven structure-based engineering of stabilized immunogens, and systems vaccinology for modeling immune dynamics. We then outline the “experimental gauntlet”: a hierarchy of biochemical, cellular, and in vivo preclinical assays that verify computational hypotheses—confirming molecular structures, binding kinetics, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy. The power of this fusion is exemplified by landmark case studies: the structure-guided triumph against Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), the rapid development of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, the iterative germline-targeting design of HIV immunogens, and the frontier of personalized neoantigen cancer vaccines. Together, these advances demonstrate that the union of predictive computation and empirical validation has moved from promise to proven paradigm. Looking ahead, emerging technologies such as generative AI and immune digital twins are poised to further accelerate this virtuous cycle, transforming vaccinology into a more precise, predictable, and rapid science capable of meeting future global health challenges.","PeriodicalId":521283,"journal":{"name":"Preprints.org","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.preprints.org/frontend/manuscript/31585a58cd57bd947cb0e78ee0e74c89/download_pub","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147382116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Preprints.orgPub Date : 2025-10-27DOI: 10.20944/preprints202510.2022.v1
Osama A. Marzouk
{"title":"Computer-Aided Engineering of Photovoltaic Power Systems","authors":"Osama A. Marzouk","doi":"10.20944/preprints202510.2022.v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202510.2022.v1","url":null,"abstract":"In the current study, the simulation software (Aladdin) is assessed and demonstrated in detail with regard to its ability to numerically modeling monofacial and bifacial photovoltaic power systems. The electricity generation from monofacial photovoltaic systems, from bifacial photovoltaic systems at a low albedo, and from bifacial photovoltaic systems at a high albedo in seven cities of Oman is analyzed. Both annual outputs and monthly variations are compared, and national-level estimates are derived. The study asserts the huge potential of solar energy in Oman, as demonstrated by an attractive electric yield that can exceed 2 MWh/kWp/year (5.5 kWh/kWp/day). The current study does not recommend using bifacial photovoltaic modules in dark soil lands (having a very low albedo near 0.1) due to the insignificant gain that is combined with a cost penalty, extra handling challenges due to having the rear side covered with optically sensitive photovoltaic cells, and added restrictions against utilizing the rear side as a heat source in case the bifacial photovoltaic system is upgraded to a hybrid photovoltaic-thermal system. The current study is useful to both a local audience having a particular interest in the Omani energy mix and the prospective transitioning to renewable energy, and a global audience having an interest in computer-aided engineering (CAE) of photovoltaic power systems.","PeriodicalId":521283,"journal":{"name":"Preprints.org","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.preprints.org/frontend/manuscript/dc7f393f70cb6467f6a97e5dcc92087f/download_pub","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147884932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Preprints.orgPub Date : 2025-10-23DOI: 10.20944/preprints202510.1791.v1
Osama A. Marzouk
{"title":"Electric Gains of Bifacial PV Modules over Monofacial PV Modules","authors":"Osama A. Marzouk","doi":"10.20944/preprints202510.1791.v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202510.1791.v1","url":null,"abstract":"Bifacial photovoltaic (PV) panels represent one of the technological advancements in the photovoltaic solar power technology compared to the monofacial panels. This study aims to demonstrate the electricity gains due to switching from monofacial systems to bifacial systems in Oman, which is a performance metric we introduce and call “approximated bifacial gain” or (ABG). These approximated bifacial gains (ABG) are assessed for two albedo values (0.30 and 0.65). Seven geographically-dispersed Omani cities are considered in this study; namely: Duqm, Ibri, Khasab, Muscat, Salalah, and Sohar. Both annual specific electricity yields (expressed in kWh/kWp/year) and monthly specific electricity yields (expressed in kWh/kWp/month) are compared for these cities under three representative situations: (1) monofacial PV system, (2) bifacial PV system with albedo 0.30, and (3) bifacial PV system with albedo 0.65. Our results suggest that with the low albedo of 0.30, the monthly bifacial gain in Oman is highest in June (9.5%), while it is lowest in the winter (near 6%). With a high albedo of 0.65, the monthly bifacial gain in Oman is still highest in June (about 19%) and still lowest in the winter (near 13%). The obtained average daily specific electricity yield in Oman with monofacial PV systems is about 5 kWh/kWp/day, which corresponds to 1,825 kWh/kWp/year. The study is based on the “Aladdin” cloud-based free tool for PV simulation and computer-aided engineering (CAE).","PeriodicalId":521283,"journal":{"name":"Preprints.org","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.preprints.org/frontend/manuscript/478dab3d915bdf11ca83fbf220a40ef0/download_pub","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147916618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}