Zeitschrift fur Gesundheitswissenschaften = Journal of public health最新文献

{"title":"Safeguarding from COVID-19: educating healthcare workers about the available protective equipment.","authors":"Adarsh Kumar Srivastav,&nbsp;Vipin Saini,&nbsp;Vipin Kukkar,&nbsp;Mahendra Singh Rathore,&nbsp;Sarita Khadayat,&nbsp;Asir John Samuel","doi":"10.1007/s10389-021-01530-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-021-01530-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral illness which is transmitted through droplet spread and possibily the aerosol method. Older individuals are at higher risk compared with younger adults and children due to the presence of weaker immune functions. Healthcare workers are also at higher risk due to close proximity with the infected cases. Proper precautions and hand hygiene techniques can prevent the transmission of the disease. There is a dearth of evidence on how to manage the disease; therefore, protective measures might help to reduce the spread of infection. This article aimed to evaluate the preventive measure and use of protective equipment among healthcare workers and community settings.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>Various recent literature searched in the following databases-Medline/PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus-recommendations from centre for disease control and prevention (CDC) and World Health Organization (WHO) reports on preventive measures of COVID-19 were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After reviewing the previous literature, we summarized proper precautions and hygiene techniques, use of PPE and applicability of surgical and N95 (can block 95% small particles but not resistant to oil) masks to prevent the transmission of disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This viewpoint can be considered as a unique example of information on infection control and protective measures. However, due to the lack of evidence, further research is required to compare the effectiveness of medical masks and N95 masks.</p>","PeriodicalId":520829,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift fur Gesundheitswissenschaften = Journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"2133-2137"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10389-021-01530-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38940716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysing the impact of COVID-19 on the mothers of Bangladesh: hearing the unheard.","authors":"Shah Md Azimul Ehsan,&nbsp;Fairooz Jahan","doi":"10.1007/s10389-021-01501-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-021-01501-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The purpose of this empirical study was to understand, explore and analyse how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the mothers of our society, with particular emphasis on Bangladesh, which has so far been a relatively unexplored area.</p><p><strong>Subject and methods: </strong>The study adopted qualitative and interpretative methods of social research, including content analysis and a perception study of 223 respondents through a semi-structured questionnaire survey, who were selected using purposive random sampling. The data obtained from the perception study was further complemented through phone interviews.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found that the pandemic has not affected all mothers uniformly; rather, the intensity of its impact varied depending on factors such as the occupation of mothers and their husbands and their family pattern. Despite such variation, all mothers experienced a subsequent increase in workload, challenges while availing routine health facilities and higher levels of stress, anxiety, depression and certain behavioural changes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>However, the worst affected have been the mothers belonging to the lower socio-economic strata because the pandemic has made them and their husbands jobless, leading them towards an uncertain future.</p>","PeriodicalId":520829,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift fur Gesundheitswissenschaften = Journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"2869-2882"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10389-021-01501-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25485976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic costs of cigarette smoking among adolescents in Nigeria.","authors":"Adesola O Olumide, Amir Shmueli, Emmanuel S Adebayo, Olayemi O Omotade","doi":"10.1007/s10389-021-01644-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10389-021-01644-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cigarette smoking is an established cause of preventable death and often initiated during adolescence. We estimated the short- and long-term costs of cigarette smoking among currently smoking adolescents in Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey among adolescents in Oyo state, Nigeria and a review of mortality records of patients managed for lung cancer in a tertiary facility in Ibadan, Nigeria were conducted. Short-term costs estimated were: (a) average weekly costs of purchasing cigarettes by currently smoking adolescents, and (b) costs of managing at least an episode of chronic cough occurring within 12 months of the survey. Long-term costs were limited to: (a) life-time expenditure on purchasing cigarettes, and (b) direct medical and non-medical (transportation) costs of managing lung cancer. Long-term costs were first projected to the approximate year when the adolescents (mean age:16.0 ± 1.8 years) might be diagnosed with lung cancer based on the average age at presentation with symptoms of lung cancer obtained from the records (59.8 years), and then discounted to 2020 prices. This was estimated as 44 years from the base year (2020). Costs were reported in 2020 prices in Nigerian Naira (NGN) and US dollar (USD) equivalent using the Central Bank of Nigeria, June 2020 exchange rate of USD 1: NGN 360.50.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Approximately 3.8% of the adolescents were current cigarette smokers. Average weekly expenditure on cigarettes was NGN 306.82 ± 5.74 (USD 0.85 ± 0.02). About 26% had experienced at least an episode of chronic cough which cost them an average of NGN 1226.81 ± 6.18 (USD 3.40 ± 0.02) to manage. Total future costs of cigarette smoking in 2020 prices for the 43 adolescents who were current smokers in the event that they develop lung cancer were approximately NGN 175.7 million (USD 487.3 thousand), NGN 871.8 million (USD 2.4 million) and NGN 4.6 trillion (USD 12.7 million) at assumed annual inflation rates of 10%, 15%, and 20% respectively and discount rate of 4.25%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The estimated economic costs of smoking were very high. Efforts to prevent smoking initiation among adolescents in our study area should be intensified. Interventions to subsidize the medical cost of health-related consequences of cigarette smoking are also required, especially as treatment costs are currently largely borne out-of-pocket.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10389-021-01644-5.</p>","PeriodicalId":520829,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift fur Gesundheitswissenschaften = Journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"1701-1712"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9246810/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40572733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}