Waste management & research : the journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA最新文献

{"title":"Techno-economic feasibility analysis of landfill gas to energy recovery from municipal solid waste open dumpsites.","authors":"Balakrishnan Mayilsankar, S T Ramesh","doi":"10.1177/0734242X261481689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X261481689","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Methane is a major component of landfill gas (LFG) generated during the anaerobic degradation of municipal solid waste, and its uncontrolled emissions contribute substantially to global warming. However, methane holds recoverable energy potential, providing an opportunity to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. The present study investigates potential methane emissions and techno-economic feasibility from three open dumpsites in Chennai, Coimbatore, and Madurai. Waste disposal data from 2000 to 2020 were collected, and future dumping was projected up to 2050, with a closure year of 2050. Methane emissions were assessed using intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC) methodology, Solid Waste Emission Estimation Tool (SWEET) 4.03, and Landfill Gas Emission Model (LandGEM) 3.03, with both default and site-specific input parameters. The model results reveal a peak in methane emissions in 2050, with IPCC methodology magnitudes of 158.10, 34.83, and 14.62 Gg year^-1 for Chennai, Coimbatore, and Madurai, respectively. LandGEM predicted 122.68, 18.39, and 5.96 Gg year^-1 for the three dumpsites, respectively. SWEET predicted substantially higher emissions of 3608.10, 789.56, and 363.53 Gg year^-1 by incorporating degradable organic carbon decomposition and dynamic, waste-fraction-specific decay kinetics under open-disposal conditions. The techno-economic feasibility analysis was performed using the LFGcost-Web tool, considering direct-use and turbine-based technologies. The analysis indicated negative net present values ranging from -6.46 to -22.67 million USD and an internal rate of return between -12% and -49%, demonstrating limited financial viability under the prevailing Indian market conditions. Among the evaluated options, direct-use achieved the highest greenhouse gas mitigation potential and methane utilization, whereas combined heat and power systems provided higher overall energy-recovery efficiency, where simultaneous electricity and heat demand exists.</p>","PeriodicalId":520825,"journal":{"name":"Waste management & research : the journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA","volume":" ","pages":"734242X261481689"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149122968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperspectral scrap characterisation for scrap composition optimisation in steel recycling.","authors":"Heimo Gursch, Andreas Ofner, Robert Harb, Malte Jaschik, Harald Ganster, Johannes Rieger","doi":"10.1177/0734242X261451604","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0734242X261451604","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Steel is an ideal recycling material as it can be recycled almost indefinitely, and steel recycling is a lot more energy-efficient than iron ore steel production. Steel making with usage of steel scrap in electric arc furnaces is heavily influenced by contaminants in the scrap, including non-ferrous metals, stones, or plastic. To produce high-quality steel, it is important to know what contaminants are part of the scrap to adapt the recycling process accordingly. This work presents a three-part processing pipeline to determine the scrap composition and optimise the recycling process parameters. The first part is hyperspectral imaging, recording images with 437 spectral bands in the short-wave infrared range. Next, deep learning-based image recognition, with multilayer perceptron, 2D and 3D convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been compared. The 3D-CNN showed the best performance in detecting the 14 material classes in the scrap samples. Finally, a mixed integer optimisation is used to select the best scrap mix for the steel classes that are to be produced. The evaluation shows an accuracy of about 76% in detecting the 14 material classes correctly, with a higher accuracy for the steel class. The detected non-ferrous materials determine the scrap class which is input for the optimisation with its constraints that each scrap class has a minimum consumption to prevent storage overflows, and as little energy and additives as possible should be used.</p>","PeriodicalId":520825,"journal":{"name":"Waste management & research : the journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA","volume":" ","pages":"1768-1776"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13612865/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148274603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental performance of waste electrical and electronic equipment plastic recycling based on life cycle assessment.","authors":"Mohammad Naji Nassajfar, Jouni Havukainen, Elaheh Aryapour, Mariam Abdulkareem, Mika Horttanainen","doi":"10.1177/0734242X261451602","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0734242X261451602","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is a significant global rise in the amount of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). This waste typically contains more than 20% plastic, which can have significant environmental benefits if properly treated and recycled. However, recycling plastics from WEEE is a challenging task due to the complexity of the waste composition, which consists of several polymers, many of which contain heavy metals, additives, and brominated flame retardants. This study presents both technical and environmental concerns in the resource recovery of WEEE plastics. Based on results of a prior research on the composition of waste electrical and electronic plastics (WEEP) in Finland, this study assess the environmental impacts associated with the recovery of WEEP by comparing four technically available WEEP treatment methods: energy recovery (incineration), mechanical recycling of composite plastics, mechanical recycling for separated polymers, and chemical recycling by pyrolysis. This study concludes that mechanical recycling with plastic separation has the best environmental performance among the presented scenarios for all selected impact categories except for the acidification potential impact category. The substitution ratio of virgin plastics and the efficiency of the pyrolysis process were the primary factors contributing to the environmental impacts of WEEP treatment options.</p>","PeriodicalId":520825,"journal":{"name":"Waste management & research : the journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA","volume":" ","pages":"1777-1788"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13612888/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148160446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agro-industrial residues as biofilter media for biogas desulfurization: An alternative to activated carbon.","authors":"Sandyelen Vian, Munique Marder, Fernanda Nicolodi Brum, Joice Mörs, Lucélia Hoehne, Eduardo Périco, Andres Jose Murillo Merino, Heiko Wagner, Rohan Karande, Alberto Bezama, Odorico Konrad","doi":"10.1177/0734242X261451606","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0734242X261451606","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biogas desulfurization is essential to prevent equipment corrosion and ensure its suitability for energy applications. Although several technically established desulfurization technologies are commercially available, their implementation may still be constrained by acquisition costs, operational expenses, and environmental impacts associated with the use of conventional materials such as activated carbon. In this context, this study investigates the potential of two abundant agro-industrial residues - <i>Luffa cylindrica</i> and <i>Carya illinoinensis</i> - as low-cost and environmentally favorable filter media for biofilters applied to biogas desulfurization. A pilot-scale system operated for 62 days treating biogas with H₂S concentrations above 5000 ppm, and their performance was compared with that of a conventional activated carbon filter. Both biofilters demonstrated high initial removal efficiencies, reducing H₂S concentrations in the treated gas to below 20 ppm. Over time, the loofah-based filter showed a decline in performance due to sulfur accumulation, whereas the pecan shell medium exhibited greater operational stability and indications of self-regeneration, achieving performance statistically comparable to that of activated carbon. These results highlight the technical feasibility of using abundant agro-industrial biomass as alternative biofilter media, contributing to reduced operational costs and lower environmental impacts in biogas purification systems. The findings also reveal opportunities for integrating biomass waste valorization with biogas purification technologies, indicating promising pathways for more sustainable and economically accessible desulfurization strategies in decentralized and industrial biogas applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":520825,"journal":{"name":"Waste management & research : the journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA","volume":" ","pages":"1749-1767"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148102478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food waste composition, hotspots and sustainability impacts in an airline catering kitchen.","authors":"Niina Sundin, Tahir Babatunde, Viachaslau Filimonau, Mattias Eriksson, Christopher Malefors","doi":"10.1177/0734242X261455573","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0734242X261455573","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aviation generates substantial food waste worldwide, yet the focus has mainly been on post-flight waste, leaving upstream production processes in airline catering understudied. This mixed-methods single case study investigated food waste composition, hotspots and drivers in a Swedish airline catering kitchen, and assessed associated environmental (carbon), economic (procurement cost) and social (nutritional) impacts. Over 21 weekdays, waste audits recorded 1.39 tonnes of food waste, largely edible (89%), corresponding to 3.1 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents, €9250 in procurement costs, and 93 kg of protein and 29 kg of dietary fibre losses. Hot kitchen operations, trolley waste and crew meals were the main hotspots, accounting for most edible waste and associated impacts. A divergence between volume-driven and intensity-driven hotspots was found, with vegetables and staple foods driving economic losses and fibre waste, and animal-based foods dominating climate impacts and protein losses. Notably, staple foods emerged as a balanced hotspot across several impact dimensions. Semi-structured staff interviews (<i>n</i> = 8) identified overly strict food safety routines, late airline and crew changes, forecasting mismatches, and coordination gaps as key structural drivers of waste, leading to recurrent overproduction and limited flexibility in meal handling. By shifting attention from downstream to upstream, the study shows that targeting kitchen-stage processes offers a viable route to reducing avoidable waste by addressing systemic inefficiencies and rigid safety buffers. Integrating contractual cut-off times for order changes into procurement and governance measures that encourage shared responsibility for waste prevention offers a pathway to improving resource efficiency while maintaining food safety and service standards.</p>","PeriodicalId":520825,"journal":{"name":"Waste management & research : the journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA","volume":" ","pages":"1703-1716"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13612878/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148255431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constructing an evaluation system for the whole process of urban domestic waste disposal technology in high-altitude areas based on multiple analysis methods: Taking Lhasa as an example.","authors":"Lei Ma, Wenping Qian, Haiyan Li, Yixing Ma, Xuebin Lu, Hongbo Liu, Jian Xiong, Xiao Peng, Xin Sun, Ping Ning, Kai Li","doi":"10.1177/0734242X261452170","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0734242X261452170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cities in alpine and high-altitude regions are subject to technical, environmental and economic constraints, and there are problems such as imperfect evaluation systems and immature methods for domestic waste disposal technology, which urgently require the establishment of a scientifically perfect evaluation system. This study takes Lhasa as an example and uses comparative analysis, analytic hierarchy process (AHP), ArcGIS, mathematical model and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation methods to construct the evaluation system covering the whole process of 'classification-transfer-transportation-disposal'. Considering the progress of waste classification in Lhasa, optimization measures such as regular collection and transportation, establishment of transfer and sorting centres and on-site resource treatment are needed. Based on the ArcGIS simulation analysis and actual transfer demand, three new transfer stations were planned, and it was found that the new transfer stations could significantly reduce transfer distances of urban-suburban routes by 45.91%, labour costs by 50.00% and total CO_2-eq emissions by 10.42%. Moreover, the AHP and fuzzy logic method were employed to establish an evaluation system for waste incineration power generation technology. Utilizing these methods, the comprehensive score assigned to the Lhasa waste incineration power generation technology was determined to be 91.97, thereby verifying the feasibility of the evaluation system and indicating that the technology is the leading one in China. However, environmental friendliness and economic feasibility still need improvements. This study provides a scientific basis for the decision-making process of efficient management of domestic waste in alpine and high-altitude regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":520825,"journal":{"name":"Waste management & research : the journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA","volume":" ","pages":"1727-1737"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148400481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of waste disposal and recycling processes in Türkiye with machine learning and artificial neural networks.","authors":"Alaattin Parlakkiliç","doi":"10.1177/0734242X261453689","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0734242X261453689","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to analyze waste disposal and recovery data for 2022 and 2024 in Türkiye to reveal changes in national waste management and to make future predictions using multivariate machine learning and artificial neural network (ANN) models. Trends in disposal and recovery capacity were identified, and the main variables affecting waste processing volumes were modeled. Multiple linear regression and feedforward ANN models were created using the capacity and processing quantities obtained from Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu's data. The ANN model was trained with three hidden layers and a 64-32-16 neuron structure, with a learning rate of 0.001. The dataset was divided into 80% training and 20% testing. The machine learning model's test set accuracy coefficient was calculated as <i>R</i>² = 0.87, and the mean absolute error (MAE) was 1.96 million tons. The ANN model demonstrated even higher performance, reaching <i>R</i>² = 0.93 and an MAE of 1.41 million tons. ANNs accurately predicted total recycled waste to be 51.5 million tons in 2024, while the amount of landfilled waste was predicted with only a 3.2% margin of error. Model analyses revealed that increasing landfill capacity significantly increases disposal volume, while increasing the number of recycling facilities affects recovery volume through a strong, nonlinear relationship. The results show that ANN models can predict Türkiye's waste management trends with high accuracy and prove that they provide a powerful decision support tool that can be used in future policy planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":520825,"journal":{"name":"Waste management & research : the journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA","volume":" ","pages":"1717-1726"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148140690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recycling lithium-ion batteries to regenerate graphite, silicon, and Si/C composite anodes: Review of advances between 2015 and 2025.","authors":"Muhammad Yaqub, Byeong Geon Ju, Wontae Lee","doi":"10.1177/0734242X261452175","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0734242X261452175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing deployment of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles, stationary energy systems, and consumer electronics has intensified the need for efficient recycling technologies to mitigate their environmental and economic impacts. Although recycling efforts have conventionally focused on cathode recovery, the growing adoption of silicon-enhanced anodes and the large mass fraction of graphite in modern cells underscore the importance of sustainable anode regeneration. This systematic review synthesizes findings from 132 high-quality studies published between 2015 and 2025 that investigate the mechanisms, challenges, and technological progress in recycling graphite, silicon, and Si/C composite anodes. The analysis indicates that mechanical, thermal, chemical, and electrochemical approaches each offer distinct advantages, whereas hybrid processes provide the most effective restoration of structural integrity and electrochemical performance. Silicon regeneration remains particularly challenging because of severe volume expansion and irreversible structural degradation, necessitating advanced strategies such as selective silicon oxide removal, carbon re-coating, and nanostructural reconstruction. Environmental and economic assessments consistently demonstrate that anode recycling can reduce energy consumption and CO₂ emissions by 50-80% compared with the production of virgin materials. Despite this progress, key challenges persist, including solid-electrolyte interphase removal, copper contamination, heterogeneous black mass composition, and limitations in selective separation. Future research opportunities lie in intelligent process optimization, green solvent systems, scalable hybrid recycling workflows, and improved recovery strategies for Si-rich anodes.</p>","PeriodicalId":520825,"journal":{"name":"Waste management & research : the journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA","volume":" ","pages":"1664-1680"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148059503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of microplastics in municipal solid waste incineration ash in South Korea.","authors":"Soo-Yeon Hong, Cheol-Woo Yoon, Dong-Gun Hwang, Young-Sam Yoon","doi":"10.1177/0734242X261451611","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0734242X261451611","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fly and bottom ash samples from 18 municipal incineration facilities were analysed to investigate the generation of microplastics (MPs) during plastic waste treatment. MP concentrations in ash differed by incineration method. The number of MPs in ash was quantified using micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, yielding 13-122 particles g^-1 in fly ash and 6-946 particles g^-1 in bottom ash. MP mass concentrations were measured using pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and ranged from 1.53-8.54 μg g^-1 in fly ash and 2.51-72.21 μg g^-1 in bottom ash. The average MP abundance in total incineration ash differed by incineration method: 350, 436, 105, and 170 particles g^-1 for general incineration, high-temperature incineration, high-temperature melting, and pyrolysis facilities, respectively. The corresponding MP masses were 28.39, 19.82, 6.68, and 13.43 μg g^-1. Nine polymer types were detected, with polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyester appearing most frequently. Based on measured MP concentrations and ash generation, total MP emissions from incineration ash were estimated at 2.07 t a^-1.</p>","PeriodicalId":520825,"journal":{"name":"Waste management & research : the journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA","volume":" ","pages":"1738-1748"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148153159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress and perspectives on recycling spent electrolytes in lithium-ion batteries: A review.","authors":"Himanshu Kumar, Sayantan Mukherjee, Rohit Jha, Gautam Mishra, Kamalesh K Singh","doi":"10.1177/0734242X261449938","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0734242X261449938","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become indispensable in present-day energy storage applications, containing portable electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. However, rapid growth in LIBs usage has caused a parallel surge in end-of-life batteries, presenting environmental and resource recovery challenges. Among the various components, such as cathode, anode, electrolyte, separators, of LIBs, electrolyte has received minimal attention in recycling efforts. Electrolytes, characterized by their flammable, toxic, and volatile nature, pose significant environmental hazards, including the release of harmful gases and pollutants during disposal. This review focuses on the critical need for efficient recovery and reutilization of electrolytes from spent LIBs. Various recovery methods, including solvent extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, pyrolysis, and freezing, are studied for their effectiveness, efficiency, and environmental impact. Additionally, methods for recycling and regenerating recovered electrolytes into high-purity components for direct reuse are explored, addressing economic and sustainability considerations. Finally, major challenges and research gaps have been discussed. Key research gaps include the degradation of electrolytes during battery operation, complex composition of spent electrolytes, and economic feasibility of large-scale recovery technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":520825,"journal":{"name":"Waste management & research : the journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA","volume":" ","pages":"1681-1702"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148311324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}